"Oktobha 19". Uhlalutyo mbongo. angumfanekiso zembali

umthetho ombuso Alexander I, 19 (31) ka-Oktobha kwi dolophu yase St. Petersburg, e Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum yavulwa. Olu suku lubhiyozelwa abafundi bayo, ngubani na Babesiya "Lyceum isidlo." Le nkumbulo sizinikele imigca zesihobe A. S. Pushkina "Oktobha 19". Uhlalutyo umbongo ziya kuqhutywa ngezantsi.

Mikhailovskoe

Ukususela Agasti 1824, Pushkin kakade ekuthinjweni kwi kwilifa lakhe kufutshane Pskov. Wachitha zizodwa kwiminyaka nje emibini.

Link ngo September 1826. October 19, 1925 th imbongi wachitha elinye njengoko ubalisa ibali Kwisitanza sokuqala. Ukusuka elalini yakhe ezinemigangatho omnye ke ekhaya, ehleli e-ofisini, kwindawo "iselula buhlungu" - by definition imbongi, wavela ngefestile kwi iphepha waya umgca entle amandla ka Kwisitanza sokuqala, nto leyo ichaza mhlaba emangalisayo kokwindla ngaphandle, kodwa kule mini nto ngale nto.

ziko Hot zaphela kunye iwayini izakunika imizuzwana embalwa sobomi elilolo ngemini esibalulekileyo enjalo, xa bonke abahlobo kunye isidlo okuqhelekileyo uve ikwayara elwayo amazwi abo, kokuphazamisa omnye komnye. Konke oku inomfanekiso ngokucacileyo imbongi. Isimanga szyvaet namaqabane akhe emini ngeenxa zonke kuye, kungekudala ubevayo ezayo. Umphefumlo akalindelanga kumarhamente yabo ethandekayo. Kuqala izitanza zokuqala ezimbini "Oktobha 19". Uhlalutyo mbongo uthetha lilolo kukrakra womntu, baqhele lobo.

Ngomhla kweenxweme Neva

30 nabafana abaye baba ngabahlobo kule minyaka mithandathu yokufunda kwi-Lyceum kombisiweke abanye ngokuqinisekileyo baya kuhlangana ngonyaka kwi isikhumbuzo lokuvula yayo. Kodwa umntu inokuba isizathu sokuba avele kwi isidlo ngalo mhla kangaka. Apha akukho kum, imbongi uthi, yaye ngubani na alikafiki? Ngubani na, ukuba uzama ukunikela. Uyazi kakuhle into akakwazanga ukufumana robot uNikolay Korsakov. Kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo, le mvumi-umqambi wafa Florence. engcwabeni lakhe eItali, kwaye wayifumana, ukuba eyona apho ungajonga, wena awukwazi mntu Russian. Akukho elilodwa Russian libhalwe ingcwaba lakhe. Ngesi sihlandlo, imbongi eyamkela lusizi nge-19 Oktobha. Uhlalutyo umbongo iqinisekisa oku.

Ngubani na?

About "Federnelke" - yayo imozulu Fedor Matyushkin - yena uthi yimbongi. Abo enye lesiqhulo "Swim ofuna" lo ukhenketho kwihlabathi wesithathu.

Matyushkin ukwenza umsebenzi akrelekrele aselwandle ukuba i gosa, kodwa aliyeki ukuba babantu. Xa wambulala Pushkin kaThixo, ukuba ufuna ukubuza M. L. Yakovleva, naye owayekade Lyceum, njengoko wenza? Kwaye, umthetho i Charter kunganika umyalelo ukwenza ivolibholi kuzo zonke ngemipu enqanaweni, babeyalwa ngako ngoko. Pushkin kurhanelwa kwisitanza lesithandathu, ubomi ayitshintshanga kwi Fedora Fedorovicha Matyushkina Lyceum nembeko. Usuku wawela ubomi babantu abaninzi kakhulu ixesha, nge-19 Oktobha. Uhlalutyo kumbongo ubalisa ngento sele inikwe ukuyazi imbongi, kodwa wayeziva intliziyo yakhe umphefumlo.

union ephelele

Womelele laphakade ngothakazelelo kubonakala ukuba wedwa Imbongi Lyceum Union. Ubona free yakhe kwaye kukungakhathali. Kwaye naphi na - ihlabathi liphela ungowasemzini, oyinzalelwane kuphela Tsarskoye Selo. Kwaye ubuhlobo ezintsha, njengoko vesi enxulumene 8, siyaxoka, yaye usoloko ekulungele kundingcatsha. A. S. Pushkin ibhekisela wakowabo kunye Count - iharika, awunawuze, ukungcungcuthekisayo Fyodor Ivanovich Tolstoy, abasasaza eMoscow intlebendwane ezimdaka malunga mbongi bethinjiwe engasezantsi. Pushkin wabhala ngawo kamva, wamangaliswa ukuba mabi kwawo yakhe ehlabathini lonke. Kwakhona khumbula ukuba lobuxoki ukubamonela "umhlobo" A. N. Raevsky, eyathi, yakubona nomdla wabo efanayo kunye Pushkin and E. K. Vorontsovoy, nomona, wazama njani Pushkin wayekholelwa ukuba wathunyelwa ekuthinjweni Mikhailovskoye. Kodwa izinto ezikrakra uku ku mbongi angeke. Ngapha koko, yiyo le imini nge-19 Oktobha. Uhlalutyo luza kubonisa imibongo intle yokuhlangana yakhe.

Ezaya imbongi

Kakade ke, wabuguqulela kuqala ukuba Ivan Puschin. Hayi ixesha elide, nje usuku abahlobo pobyli kunye, kodwa ngoJanuwari 11 sele kucaca ngemini i Lyceum.

Second Pushkin wabona kummandla St. Michael Prince A. M. Gorchakova, nangalowo ingqalelo 'ithamsanqa ukususela kwimihla yakudala. " Ngenye indlela yelizwe, badibana khona ngengozi, wamwola, yaye azisayi gqiba nge.

Gorchakov wayenza inkonzo ozakuzo, leyo wavuka ukuya kwelona nqanaba liphezulu sikarhulumente. Ungafumanisa ukuba imbongi wacinga ngokuhlaziya umbongo "Oktobha 19". Pushkin ndazibuza: ngubani ngenye imini uya kubhiyozela Lyceum? Ukukhangela ekupheleni kumbongo, kufuneka kuthiwe ukuba kuya kuba A. M. Gorchakov, owafa e Baden-Baden eJamani xa eneminyaka engama-84.

umhlobo wamkelekile

Ngo-Epreli, Anton Mikhailovsky Delvig waza wahlala umzuzwana kwi A. kutyelela S. Pushkina. imbongi nguMmangaliso, owabhala iculo Lyceum, nto leyo eyenziwa iminyaka emininzi zizizukulwana abafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo, bavuswe nesibindi imbongi nomnqweno ukudala. Zombini kwi Lyceum ukubhala esele ibonwe zonke iivesi. A Imbongi onesiphiwo kodwa uyonqena Pushkin kamva beneminyaka endle nokupapasha. Zombini sengqondo ngendelelo ngokulinganayo kumaKanan kwiincwadi Bulgarin, wabhala epigram kuye. Kodwa wonke umntu kwixesha elizayo, ngokunjalo ukufa ekuqaleni Delvig, apho de abahlobo namanje abazi nokukhathalelwa nje ukuba kunye. Pushkin sinika inkcazo imbongi-sybarite ngubani oshiy nathanda uhlala cwaka ngqo ecaleni yaye umfutshane. Oku kungqinwa ucazululo ngenyameko umbongo "Oktobha 19". Pushkin ngo-1931 kuya kuba nzima ukuba ukufa umhlobo osenyongweni, ingakumbi ekubeni ULeo kunye Kiichelbecker sele esekuthinjweni emva mvukelo kwi Yeengwevu Square.

Ukwakhiwa mbongo

Le isiqwenga ibhalwe ngumntu wokuqala. hero lyrical ntoni ukubusithelisa okanye naziphi sama - imbongi ngokwakhe, nanga iimvakalelo zakhe buqu kunye namava. Xa uhlalutyo emfutshane umbongo "Oktobha 19", kufuneka ahlawule ingqalelo ekuqaleni lusizi mikhosi, okuhlala ukuchaza ubulolo ubukrakra, siyamkholisa iinkumbulo umphefumlo yokufika abahlobo, yaye iphela ngethemba ukuhlangana kwixesha elingekude elizayo, kwitheko ozinikezeleyo Lyceum oyintanda. Yaye kuphela emva koko uya thowusti kulindeleke xa bonke babuxolelwe yonke into yaye yonke udlulele novuyo yokuhlangana. Umhlaba wokuhlahlelwa umbongo "Oktobha 19" (Pushkin) ngokufutshane wathetha kwinguqu yokwenene evela ekuyileni Imbongi ukungabikho ebuhlungu-elide kwintlanganiso yovuyo. Ekugqibeleni kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lo mbongo ubhalwe vosmistrochnoy kwisitanza (kunye nasekuqaleni - a pentameter esinyanisekileyo iambic, ngoko ubukhulu zingatshintshwa), zize zigqitywe uhlalutyo zalo mbongo "Oktobha 19".