Oko kwakunjalo xa Ekuveleni zokundwendwela Soviet ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo USSR

Le yokundwendwela yanamhlanje - uxwebhu babonelelwa obunobunzima ukhuselo zobugcisa equka ezininzi data kumamkeli yayo. Inokubuyiselwa ngokufihlisa kwi magnetic data eendaba eyodwa inkangeleko, yeminwe kunye nomfuziselo yamehlo umnini inwebu. kwaba passports Soviet lula kakhulu.

Njani yokundwendwela yiSoviet, nokuba phambi kwakhe

Emva kokuba Ukuwa kweUSSR sele engaphezu kwamashumi amabini, yaye namhlanje bambalwa kakhulu abantu baya kuba nako ukuthumela ngokuzithemba zonke kwi Ekuveleni zokundwendwela Soviet, amaxesha ngakumbi ke kuba ngobunjalo bayo itshintshile eziliqela. Ukongeza, waza wabonakala nakanye, kodwa iminyaka elishumi kuphela emva zokusekwa kwe-USSR. Ngomhla kutheni kwenzeka nendlela ukutshintsha uxwebhu oluphambili, oko sinikhumbule.

Ekuqaleni kwendalo karhulumente yehlabathi yokuqala yesigaba yenye nemimiselo yokuqala yamaBolshevik uyekwa nencwadana leyo yokundwendwela. Buyela ngo-1903 wabhala inqaku elinomxholo othi "Ukuze Swisiwana Rural", nto leyo ebekwe iimbono zabo kuxwebhu zenza umda inkululeko intshukumo kunye nengqesho, amaxhoba engundoqo abalimi.

Kude 1932 abemi RSFSR ingumxhasi wayengayazi ukuba bekukwangelo Ekuveleni zokundwendwela Soviet, kuphela ngokufunda umbongo Vladimira Mayakovskogo. Imbongi yesigaba wayengomnye abanini ezimbalwa yale ncwadana ezimfusa, ngaphandle apho ayivumelekanga amazwe. Ikhadi eseleyo yabasebenzi ngayo, nto leyo isebenza singobani ephambili. It kwavezwa negama le ndoda, unyaka wokuzalwa, kwaye, kakade, ukulungisa umsebenzi wakhe. Ngowe-1924, amakhadi identity zaqaliswa kunye semthethweni iminyaka emithathu. Ukususela ngowe-1925, baye baqalisa ukubeka isitampu kubhaliso.

Oko kwakunjalo xa Ekuveleni zokundwendwela Soviet isampula yokuqala

Kuphela ngowe-1932, i-Central Executive Committee kunye neBhunga Commissars Abantu wakhupha umyalelo kwakhe kwi-USSR lingenise inkqubo yokundwendwela. Injongo yale kubuyiselo olawula epheleleyo yengqesho labantu. Uxwebhu entsha sisixhobo kumlo kunye abantu abangekho abaqeshwe ngamashishini karhulumente, kunye nabalimi owabalekayo kwisixeko nasendlaleni okubangelwa collectivization. Kodwa ke, kuphela abahlali eMoscow, iLeningrad kunye eKharkov, kwakunye neendawo kuphela le mizi ukufumana iPassport eSoviet. Iifoto ukusuka kwindawo ukuyotsho apho inxalenye itywina, ifani, igama lokuqala, ubuzwe, umhla wokuzalwa, indawo yokuhlala kunye data kwi imeko yomtshato - iimpawu eziphambili loxwebhu kakuhle ngabo bonke abemi waseUSSR nokuzalelwa eminyaka kamva. Kodwa into kwaba Ekuveleni yokundwendwela yiSoviet ilahlekile izintlelo yayo elandelayo, umzekelo, ubume ekuhlaleni kunye nesimo sengqondo emkhosini.

abalimi ezingafakwanga kumaxwebhu obhaliso lwabafundi

uxwebhu nabalimi asinikezwanga, kodwa, nangona oku, inkululeko abakwenzayo azisayi kuba, kakhulu koko. Le meko namandla de-1974. Noko ke, kule bamashumi ngamahlanu, abemi kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni kukho eziziimpazamo ezikhoyo eziliqela ukuba bayishiye ilali, bazisa inkqubo ifama uzame ukuba ubuhlwempu. Ngaba (njenge ngaphandle) ukufumana ukusebenza esixekweni ngexesha ilondoloza yokuhlala emaphandleni okanye ufumane uxwebhu yethutyana ngexesha kwekhontrakthi yengqesho. Kwezinye iimeko, abalimi kufika emzini kuphela ngoncedo webhunga lali.

Le yokundwendwela yokugqibela Soviet

Ngowe-1974 wavelisa passport eSoviet-style. Ulwazi malunga ungubani umniniyo ukuba iifoto ezincinane nangaphezulu - emva kokuba 25 no-45 kwiminyaka kwakufuneka dokleivat kwi ngokukodwa ezalathelwe eli phepha. Shicilela indawo umbono endaweni akuyo, apho kunzima ngomgunyathi. Kwakukho enye umahluko obalulekileyo - uxwebhu inikwe bonke kwiminyaka eli-16, kungekho ngaphandle.

Le ncwadana yokundwendwela wakhonza ngokuthembeka de 1991 yaye kangangexesha elithile ukuze isebenze, mayixhotyiswe isitampu kunye igama kwilizwe elitsha - yangaphambili republic eSoviet Union phezu oonobumba.