Le ncwadi inkulu ehlabathini. Le ncwadi umdla kakhulu ehlabathini. Le ncwadi intle kwihlabathi

Ngaba unokuyithelekelela a lwesintu ngaphandle incwadi, nangona waphila ngaphandle uninzi bobukho bayo? Mhlawumbi akunjalo, kuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukucinga imbali yezinto zonke ngaphandle ulwazi oluyimfihlo zigcinwa ngencwadi ebhaliweyo. Kwaye Kuluvo ukuba kwihlabathi mihla, le ncwadi ithe ayaba ukufaneleka kwayo yaye kungekudala uye zisabonakala, kuphela krobo zizizathu. Awukwazi aphikisane nesibakala sokuba ulwazi ngoku Ndizuze ifomati digital, kwaye iincwadi azamazama ngcembe kwihlabathi virtual njengoko esipilini. Ukanti ke ubomi, nanzo zibhaliwe upapashwe, baze bathengiswe, bade babe isifundo amanqaku ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, njengoko le ncwadi engaqhelekanga ehlabathini.

incwadi Best at wonke

Ikhala wasemzini: "Yintoni na le ncwadi ehlabathini?" Lo mbuzo, ubuncinane mibuzo, ngokuba mna kuhlola kuphela kusekelwa izimvo izigidi zabantu. Kuba ngasinye sibone kuphela lakhe. Ukongeza, ngexesha ngalinye njengamaqhawe abo kunye neencwadi zabo. Kwaye ngoko ke kungcono ukuba aye evela umtya eyahlukileyo kancinane - ukulinganisa umgangatho indalo azikho umxholo abafundi uthando kuye; kwaye kangaphi Ukugaywa kunye ejikeleza jikelele.

Kwaye ukuba kunjalo, akufanelanga ukuba aphathwe itayitile 'ncwadi intle kwihlabathi "izibhalo engunaphakade - iBhayibhile, iKoran? Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba, umzekelo, ukujikeleziswa yeBhayibhile phezu zeminyaka bobukho bayo 6 ezigidi. Kucacile ukuba le yi kuphela uqi inani eliqikelelwayo, konke kwaqala izintlu ngesandla.

900 billion - eli hlelo Iintelekelelo zeendleko ingaya Great - Mao Tse Tung. Kakade ke, kweli hlabathi kukho inani elikhulu labantu abasebenzisa le ncwadi kwentloko rating "Eyona-kakhulu-eyona ncwadi ehlabathini."

A imisebenzi owayephila zonke iirekhodi baduma hit the notorious "yiNkosi Imisesane" J. R. R. Tolkien. Apha Ukubolekisa iikopi ezingaphezu kwama-100.

Kukho iweb eninzi kweentlelo ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo kuzama ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na le ncwadi ehlabathini - encotsheni-10, top 100 ... Kwaye phakathi iinkcazelo ezininzi kakhulu zisoloko Kuluvuyo ukubona ukuba abantu ukufunda kunjalo iqwalasela indalo yanaphakade iinkokeli - "The Master kunye UMargarita "yi uMikhail Bulgakov," Enye eneminyaka elikhulu wedwa "yi G. G. Markesa," Le Count of Monte Cristo "yi Alexandre Dumas.

On the ezikhathazayo kakhulu

Ngubani Ndicinga ukuba ukubuza ukuba yintoni le ncwadi umdla ehlabathini? Kwaye naku kufika enye, kwaye sokuvota ngomxholo zisoloko sifunda ngomdla omkhulu, ngenxa yokuba kungekho ingcamango ayinyani ngaphezu incasa. Akunakubakho ngabantu ababini ngubani ukuphendula lo mbuzo ngendlela efanayo. Ngoko ke, enye uphando amaninzi, isihloko iincwadi ezininzi umdla iphumelele i-yathengiswa kakhulu umbhali latest British EL UYakobi, lo trilogy "amahlanu Izibuko of grey", "Xa abangasekhoyo amahlanu mnyama" yaye "Kwahamba izithunzi inkululeko." Sekunjalo, iikopi ezigidi 15 athengiswe kunyaka wokupapashwa inxalenye yokuqala, ngowe-2012, kwiinyanga nje ezintathu! Ngelo xesha, iingcali bokwenyaniso ncwadi, incwadi akathabatheki, enyanisweni, yena yaduma yamanyala cheap. Le yindlela incasa.

Ngoko ke, iincwadi inomdla kakhulu ehlabathini. nokuba umfundi uya kuvumela umbhali ukuba anikele (kuphela luluvo) ukulinganisa wabo?

Njengoko umntwana, lo umdla kakhulu aba iintsomi kunye namabali ngezilwanyana. Emva koko waba incwadi oyithandayo "Robinson Crusoe" Danielya Defo. Okulandelayo - "The Count of Monte Cristo" Dumas and "Notre Dame de Paris" Viktora Gyugo. Kwaye, "The Icebo Hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha" - njengoko kwakunjalo ukuba umthande? Ngubani na esazi ke ukuba le ncwadi iBhayibhile kuphela ubungakanani ejikeleza?

Kwisikolo aphakamileyo, ukuya uyakholiswa lukatitshala iincwadi, ukuze asungule uthando olubanzi iincwadi Dostoevsky - ". Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya" "The Brothers Karamazov",

iminyaka Student asinikezele Amagama amatsha kunye izinto ezintsha. Uilyam Folkner, "The Sound kunye Fury" - kwaba njengomothuko ehlabathini. Waza wavula iinoveli kwinkulungwane (ngokwenene baba.) - "One Hundred Iminyaka Wedwa" Gabrielya Garsia Marquez and Bulgakov kaThixo "Mfundisi noMargarita" Ngokutsha kwaye zifundwe "I Angawokuphumla Don" Mihaila Sholohova. Kwaye kakhulu singalindelanga Wayithabatha yonke imisebenzi bulumko Fridriha Nitsshe, yaye abaninzi yawela ndawo. I inoveli "Ngaloo ndlela Bendingathethanga Zarathustra" - kwaye namhlanje incwadi yesalathiso.

uncwadi Modern iyaqhubeka sekufika ubuncinane. Of yeencwadi ezithandwayo - unobumba ngamnye yabhalwa Fazil Iskander (abaye akuyifundi, yena uyakwazi ukuqwalasela ngokwakhe abasweleyo ngokwasemalini), yonke imisebenzi Haruki (hayi Ryu) Murakami. Kwaye uloliwe okanye inqwelo-moya - ukukhanya isigqebelo ukufunda Dari Dontsovoy. iincwadi ezinjalo zikwafuneka, ezifana "Diary of a onethemba mad."

Uluhlu alupheli. Kuba umntu ngamnye ofunda alupheli. Yaye angafundekiyo yaye akazange aqale.

iintetho Sale

Le Ukubolekisa olungagqibekanga ibonisa popularity and, ngenxa yoko, indalo kunye kwekhono. Sekunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba ambuze: yintoni na incwadi-yathengiswa kakhulu ehlabathini? Engcwele lukhuphiswano - abazi nokuba mfuneko iireyithingi. Namhla siyazi ukuba iBhayibhile mkhulu kuzo zonke iincwadi ehlabathini: ukusasazwa yemihla ngemihla - 32876. Enye into sibhalo ayithengiswa - oko theory kufuneka zihanjiswe simahla kubo bonke abakholwayo.

Kwaye yintoni iimpapasho wempangelo? Okuphoxayo kukuba, kwi Guinness Book of Records kwindawo yokuqala kwekhono kufuneka athathe ... Guinness Book of Records! Iye iguqulelwe kwiilwimi 52 zehlabathi, kunye nokuthengiswa zayo ziye elide ladlula uphawu iikopi million 450.

Okulandelayo iza, nangona kunye umsantsa omkhulu, incwadi ezakudala IsiNgesi - a inoveli imbali uCharles Dickens 'A Tale of Two Cities ". Ukususela ekupapashweni kwayo phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX, kuthengiswe ngabo isilinganiso, iikopi ubuncinane million 200. Dickens - akukho mbali, kunye nomsebenzi wakhe okuphela yembali kwi French Revolution, udale furore kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini lonke. Akukho kuphela eSoviet Union. Inyaniso kukuba umfanekiso ngokwenene kakhulu yenkqubo revolution zange ukuthobela ideology, kwakunye incwadi nje sinamafu indlela eya umfundi ngokubanzi.

-Ethengiswa kakhulu Further mlinganiselo zokuthengiseka lwehlabathi sijongeka njengoku:

• JRR Tolkien, "iNkosi Imisesane."
• Cao Xueqin, "Dream of Red seSigqeba".
• Agata Kristi kaThixo "Ten Little amaNdiya".

Uluhlu athengisa kunye yobuciko ezifana "The Little Prince" Antuana De Saint-Exupery "I-Da Vinci Code" Dena Brauna.

Le ncwadi idumileyo - ntoni na ke?

Book udumo akusoloko kulinganiswa yokuthengisa. Kunoko, yinto sisalathisi into enye, ukuba imveliso kuphunyeziwe kwinkulungwane, iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezininzi kwaye ihlala sisasebenza nanamhlanje njengoko xa uhlelo lokuqala - ukuba uyaziwa.

Kwaye kwakhona inkokeli ekuzibonakaliseni iincwadi ezingcwele - iBhayibhile, iKoran, iTorah. Yiyo leyo kakhulu batyelela, uninzi ocatshulwe, iimpapasho ezininzi ohloniphekileyo. Ngamafutshane, ngamnye kubo - eyona-kakhulu-kakhulu ehlabathini encwadini. Noko ke, loo nto ayenzi ingqiqo ukuthi ngaphandle khuphiswano.

Ngolangazelelo ukuzama ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni le ncwadi idumileyo ehlabathini. Kodwa ngeke impendulo ecacileyo, ngokwenkcazelo, kwagqitywa ekubeni enze rating ikhulu edume kakhulu. iya Abaninzi kumangaliswa yokuba ikhokelwe "War Noxolo" yi Lva Tolstogo - lo msebenzi paradigmatic kwiincwadi Russian. Kwindawo yesibini - le inoveli "1984" ngu George Orwell. Ngomhla wesithathu - "Ulysses" uJames Joyce. Oku kulandelwa "Lolita" Vladimira Nabokova ne "I Sound kunye Fury" uWilliam Faulkner. Ivala amakhulu iincwadi Winston Churchill kaThixo "iMfazwe Yehlabathi II".

Ubukhulu wenza umba umnini incwadi-irekhodi

I-British National Library ngexesha mboniso kwi libonisiweyo ncwadi inkulu ehlabathini, wangena kwi Guinness Book of Records. Ukukhula kule ncwadi ka-180 cm. Enyanisweni, ayikho nkqu incwadi, kodwa nengqokelela iimephu eludongeni eprintiweyo mali amaqhosha 37 ubukhulu 1,9x1,75 m. Le ncwadi yalungiselelwa ngo-1660 uKumkani uCharles II.

le ncwadi inkulu ehlabathini Yintoni na le nto? On la maxwebhu ziboniswa kuphela ikhadi. Bona - umzimba lupheleleyo ulwazi malunga ihlabathi ezazikho ngelo xesha. Kakade ke, ukuqonda ubungakanani abaqulunqi zezi amakhadi exabiso. Ngoko nayiphi na imeko, incwadi ekhethekileyo bekuya kufuneka ukuba bangene incwadi Guinness, ukuba ubungakanani elikhulu, lo Ukwanda lolwazi, njenge ncwadi ezikrelekrele ehlabathini.

Le nkcukacha ukhetho enye incwadi epapashwe ngo-1976 e Denver (USA). Ibizwa - "Superbook". imilinganiso yalo - 3,07 m ukuphakama, 2,74 m ububanzi. Inani lamaphepha akunjalo umxhelo - 300. Kodwa ncwadi ubunzima 252,6 kg.

Kwaye ke ngo-2004. Irekhodi "Le ncwadi inkulu ehlabathini" okuziintloni. Ngoko ke kumnandi ukuba kwenzeka eRashiya. "Le ncwadi inkulu kwiimveku", epapashwe yi-indlwana "uYohane", unique kunjalo, ukuba nje ... amaphepha amane! Kula maphepha, imihobe 12 iposwe. Kodwa le ncwadi ubunzima 492 eekhilogremu, umi kwi neemitha ezi-6 ububanzi kweemitha ezi-3.

Kakade ke, kukho incwadi kwiimveku akazange umatshini wokushicilela oluqhelekileyo. Okokuqala wenza slipway ngomthi, ngoko unamathela amaphepha usebenzisa iteknoloji okhethekileyo. Kulo mboniso oweencwadi zabantwana eMoscow lo mmangaliso lwaqhutywa kwi isakhiwo kwakhiwe!

Book-baby

Isihloko "Le ncwadi incinane ehlabathini," wathi iintlelo eziliqela ezizodwa. Kude kube ngoku, namasundu yabamba Russian ekhohlo-hander, Sergei Konenko evela eOmsk. Ngowe-1996 wapapasha incwadi ubungakanani tridtsatistranichnuyu ka 0.9 * 0.9 mm, eziyifaneleyo yaseChekhov ibali "Chameleon". Kodwa apha kukho isoyikiso sokwenene irekhodi yakhe. EJapan, kukho ndivakalisa "Toppan", iingcali upapasho lweencwadi yoqobo kangangeminyaka engama-40, ukususela ngowe-1964. Apha ashicilelwe 22-page incwadi ezincinane nemilinganiselo 0.7 * 0.7 mm. Ibizwa ngokuba "Flowers of onyaka amane» ( "Shiki akukho Kusabana"), kwaye lizisa imizekeliso eliligugu Japan ngemibala ezinombala ofanayo. Bona okanye ukufunda itekisi nokuba ngeglasi akwenzeki. I-Japanese wafumanisa: nabani na ukuthenga kuba $ 300 isikali ifikeleleke ngakumbi yaye iglasi ukuziqala. Yaye abo bangathanda ukuba ukuyicinga into uhlobo leyinene encwadini incinane ehlabathini, nabasunguli sasasaza iifoto olandelayo ukuba iliso yenaliti. Isikali ephawulekayo.

akuso

Oku kanye okwenzekayo xa ukwaluphala lihombise. Ingakumbi xa sithetha ngayo le ncwadi. Xa nokubeka iimpapasho omdala, kunye nayiphi na enye, akukho unanimity. Ngokwahlukileyo koko bekulindelekile, le ncwadi indala ehlabathini - ku nga Bibele. ISibhalo ngohlobo eprintiweyo wabonakala kuphela kwinkulungwane XV.

Uhlelo yokuqala eshicilelweyo ine kweminyaka engama amawaka amahlanu. Oku amacwecwe odongwe ngemibhalo. Noko ke, le ncwadi kunzima ukubabiza ngokuthi, kwakunye ngqangi yamandulo zaseYiputa. Wonke hlanga iincwadi zayo yamandulo kunye nezinto zesicelo le leta. Ngenxa yoko, i-Chinese amandulo kudala ngaphambi kokuba kusungulwe kwephepha ukugcina ulwazi kusetyenziswa ngoqalo ebhaliweyo.

Omnye umzekelo. igcinwe "Golden Book of the Etruscans" kwi Museum of History e Bulgaria. Wafunyanwa abembi ngexesha bemba kumangcwaba amandulo yandule ukwandlalwa myuziyam. Iimviwo wabonisa ukuba uya kusinika, kunye nobudala yakhe ayikho ngaphantsi kwe kwiminyaka emibini enesiqingatha. Le ncwadi liyi- igolide: amagqabi zenziwe amacwecwe egolide ezicekethekileyo, zibanjwa kunye ngathi yokubhalela. Kuye imizobo nokubhaliweyo wakrola ulwimi Etruscan. Hi ndlela leyi, iye ningekabi nakomelela ukuwuqonda. Nokuba ukuqwalasela le ukwazi ncwadi - umbuzo ofanayo: oku uhlelo ushicilelo ngengqiqo yemveli.

Kulo mzekelo, lo kuqala kufuneka anikwe enye incwadi - ingqokelela iintshumayelo drevnekoreyskih iimonki zamaBhuda "Jikji". It ishicilelwa kunye kwisicatshulwa eshukumayo ngaphakathi iindonga Hyndoks woonongendi kwinkulungwane XIV.

Konke oku kwenzeka phambi kokuba ixesha lokushicilela. 'Umnqwazi umatshini wokushicilela sele iqalile kwixesha elitsha. Yintoni le ncwadi yokuqala lokwenene? Embindini umenzi German ngenkulungwane ye-15 Gutenberg eshicilelweyo iBhayibhile yokuqala. Lwaqhubeka akukho iikopi ezingaphezu kwesithathu kweshumi le ncwadi ehlabathini. Namhlanje akukho nje omnye omdala kodwa le ncwadi kuyabiza. Ngowe-1987, kwi kwifandesi, "Christie kaThixo" kusithenga Dollars 5 million..

Kakade ke, oku nje ezinye ulwazi, kodwa hayi impendulo yokugqibela lo mbuzo. Times itshintsha ngokutshintsha, phinda olufunyanisiweyo, yaye iindlela zophando iya ngakumbi, okuzalisekileyo ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, simele sicinge ukuba le ncwadi indala ihlabathi okwangoku zifunyenwe.

iincwadi Beauty - oku kubalulekile?

Umbuzo wokuba yintoni le ncwadi inkulu ehlabathini, kungadala ukwazi. Kodwa omnye umbuzo - malunga uhlelo eyona intle - lubonwa ethile wothuka. Kodwa kutheni kungenjalo, ukuba unalo rating of "incwadi anomngcipheko ehlabathini"? Kodwa ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba bakuzibalela imveliso incwadi indilekile ndibopha, imifanekiso, inlay? Kubonakala unako. Kwaye kukho sezinga - "Le ncwadi intle kwihlabathi liphela." Intloko hova banikezela ukuya uMichelangelo omkhulu. Kumaphepha iipleyiti zegolide ezingcakacileyo - yobomi bakhe, umsebenzi wakhe, kwakunye imisebenzi ngootitshala yakhe kunye nabanye abakhonzi uthi, nto leyo ngakumbi amabi mculi. ubukhulu encomekayo kunye nencwadi - 24 kg, hayi kuquka ibhokisi ngomthi omkhulu uzibambileyo eli hlelo ezinqabileyo. Yinto ngokwenene onge - wakhululwa uhlelo ungumqokeleli ngayo amaqhosha 99, kwaye indleko yalo 135 amawaka eerandi. Ngokuba umqokeleli ngoku, mhlawumbi, hayi kuphela entle, kodwa ke ncwadi ehlabathini.

Ubuhle loyilo le nguqulelo abakhuphisana ncwadi, ihonjiswe incwadi umzobi ingcibi evela Canada Bent Marian (Marian Bantjes). Le artist yena ukholelwa yinto yonke woSuku kupapasho-oqulunqwe ubuhle.

Amafutha - yiloo umninimzi

Kodwa akukho elilinganayo ikhowudi Ebubanzini yokusebenza phakathi iincwadi, ozimiselweyo yi nokungasebenzi. Ingcamango yendalo yayo bobabo i Danish fund-inshorensi «Min A-Casse». iphepha 23675 ngo umda single - Yiyo le imilinganiso yalo Tome. Lo mbuzo, oko kwakufuneka ukuba akhuphe incwadi enkulu ezinjalo, ukuba kungabi ngenxa yokusekwa irekhodi kwi nomination "Le ncwadi echumayo ehlabathini"? Kubonakala ukuba ababhali ingcamango nje efuna ukubonisa ukuba izinto kwenkqubo ye-inshorensi ingenalo eYurophu. Thelekisa, bakhomba manani ilandelayo: Kwiminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo, yonke umthamo kumthetho nokungasebenzi yabekwa kwiphepha 421. Kukho umahluko.

Le ncwadi mde ehlabathini - lowo ukuba ufunde ixesha elide?

Kakade ke, ukuzama ukwenza a joke. Enyanisweni, ukuba ncwadi yi "elide", ngeke nangayiphi na indlela ukufunda, iye elinye ixesha kwakhona kwaye uqale. Le ngxoxo ayikho malunga "wobugcisa" onjalo. imisebenzi ngokwenene-ntathu, esithi itayitile 'ncwadi mde behlabathi "ezikhoyo kwindalo. Xa kulinganiswa ngobude ngengqiqo ngokwasemzimbeni ngokwemiqathango kwisicatshulwa eprintiweyo. Kwimeko yokuqala, ingxelo umqulu omkhulu, endaweni kuphela amanye amabali elinanye, kodwa ukuba ubude leemitha ngo1856. umsebenzi adibeneyo abemi kwidolophu Italian ka Castello Lo.

Kodwa ke incwadi elide, eliquka nemiqulu 27 kwaye amagama abangaphezu kwezigidi ezibini ezibhalwe yi umbhali French Zhyul Romen. Kwaye ukubhala inoveli, "Abantu bamvakalisa" kwithuba irekhodi-elide - ukususela 1932 ukuya 1946. index page kunzima angena iphepha-50!

Okuphoxayo kukuba, oku elide kwaye ngendlela le ncwadi inkulu ehlabathini ayenziwanga kakuhle. A inoveli malunga nengxaki ye France kunye nehlabathi kwenkulungwane yokuqala omabini, ngokutsho abagxeki, iqulethwe eninzi uhlaba inyaniso. Kwaye akukho izaphulelo fiction yombhali, yaye ngakumbi njalo kwi indalo ibonwe mqulu akwenziwanga Romain.

Wonke umntu ibali lakhe kukududuzela eyakho

Eyoyikekayo? Musa ukufunda. A umbuzo olula - Impendulo elula. Kodwa kukho real fans yokukhwankqiswa. Umntu ukucinga ukuba uninzi - ngokwengqondo ukushukunyiswa-up amancinci iluncedo njengoko asimdlalo kakhulu.

Enye into kukuba umbuzo malunga incwadi yimbi ehlabathini, wonke umntu impendulo yabo. A lot of amathuba kwindawo yokuqala ukalisho kwiincwadi kukaStefano loKumkani "Kubhaliwe", "Flying kwi Night", "Abantwana Umbona" - ayikwazi ukuqhubeka kuba umbhali ugxile nje phezu uhlobo yamabali kukududuzela. Yaye uninzi kukhubazeko umboniso ukushicilelwa ezahlukeneyo nanto ngokwemiqathango adrenaline ekhutshwa.

Uninzi abakhaya bethu, ingakumbi abantu abadala, uya kubizwa ngokuba le ncwadi embi indalo ongenakufa NV "Viy" Gogol. A eminyaka embalwa edlulileyo yaba kukhubazeko umboniso kuphela sefilimu yokunqakulisa kweli lizwe. Abaninzi banyanzelwa ukuba zinciphise amabali uloyiko Artura Konan Doyle - ". Iingusha Band" "ukuzingela of the Baskervilles", Iincwadi by Edgar Allan Poe ayikho ngaphantsi gqitha ubungqola zobumnyama balo, ukuba ukukhumbula i "Ukuwa yeNdlu Usher." Xa kumnyele efanayo ababhali - ". Umfanekiso UDorian Grey" Apocrypha Uayld yakhe emangalisayo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ababhali kwiinkulungwane 18-19th azikho babekuthanda yokunqakulisa ngengqiqo mihla, kodwa kunokuba nobugqi. Le bengaziwa kusoloko kuyoyikisa. zamva Namhlanje apho elubala - igazi, iimela, piranhas, eziguqulwe. Ookrebe kwimeko ezininzi kakhulu. It uyothuka kubo ngaphantsi, kodwa apha ndifuna ukufunda nokubukela njalo.

Ihlabathi elimangalisayo le iincwadi ubufanasini kwaye gqolo ukubeka izinto ezi- abathandi ncwadi emangalisayo. Mhlawumbi kungekudala abafundi baya kuba ngamalungu olwenziwa entsha, umzekelo, malunga yintoni le ncwadi ezikrelekrele ehlabathini, okanye ngalo mbuzo malunga ozithandayo kakhulu, eyona luncedo, okanye, phezu koko, uhlelo engalunganga.