Novodevichy Amangcwaba, St. Petersburg: amangcwaba abadumileyo (iifoto)

Lovers enyuka pogosti yamandulo bekhangela eqingqiweyo umdla, imibhalo okanye ukuphumla, embhoxo impermanence zonke izinto zasemhlabeni, kuya kuba umdla ukwazi apho Novodevichy Amangcwaba eSt Petersburg. It yasekwa phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-19. Kunyaka wokuqala ubukho kwalo angcwatywa ngabantu abathathu kuphela. Kodwa kamva yaba yindawo ethandwayo kwaye bakhetha yokuphumla. Ngokutsho isiko lamaKristu, ukuba ibekwe ecaleni umngcwabo yeCawa Orthodox yoVuko. Nangona loonongendi yakhiwa ecaleni kwayo, akukho abacinga ngegama akhe ngokusesikweni, kwaye kakhulu loo nto yathatha iziko lemfundo ukuba imfundo amantombazana wokuzalwa amanene, siyazi njengoko Smolny Institute , ezingqongileyo kummandla ukuze ube yindawo yokungcwabela abafileyo ukwabizwa ngokuba emangcwabeni of Novodevichy Convent eSt Petersburg.

Umngcwabo for namanenekazi

Zonke ezikhumbuzo, iminqamlezo, amatye, iiobelisk, ugcinwe apha, nako ukubonisa iindwendwe kule ndawo. Ngapha koko, le yamangcwaba ibiya ukungcwaba abantu akwi kwiklasi eliphezulu. Kwakhona ilungelo bengcwatywa apha zanikwa amalungu le-Elite, ababusi, izazinzulu, iinkokeli yokuluka emkhosini. Ngoko ke, abahlobo nezalamane zabo kwakushokoxekile imali, kwaye ukutyhileka ngqondweni ngokwemiqathango intlungu, ukumisela zezikhumbuzo phezu kwamangcwaba abo zibathandayo. Novodevichy Amangcwaba (Saint Petersburg) lisoloko ekumyalelo. Ababesenza hayi kuphela emangcwabeni, kodwa ngenxa kummandla okufuphi. Iingoma efafazwe isanti, utyale igadi yeentyatyambo izihombiso, Kakade ke, ndabona ukuba akukho nto engekhoyo kumayelenqe ziphethwe ngabantu abazizityebi. Baya kudla endaweni yokuphumla izalamane zabo icon eninzi kunye nezinye nobunewunewu, bayakwazi, ngokoluvo lwabo, ukugcina ubume ufileyo kwinqanaba eliphezulu.

ubukhulu ezilahlekileyo

Novodevichy Amangcwaba (Saint Petersburg) uvaliwe ukuba imingcwabo ukususela 1934. Phambi koko, kwafuneka ukuba asinde revolution ka-1917, ngexesha apho waqhaqhwa ibandla, emi phezu kwayo, baphanga okanye onakaliswa amangcwaba, ezikhumbuzo kutshatyalaliswa. Kuba abo andilivumelanga, akukho bani ukukhangela emva. Izalamane womfi, wangcwatyelwa kubo, nokuba baya kwamanye amazwe okanye babe bona babe ngamaxhoba bomzabalazo, kuba Novodevichy Amangcwaba (Saint Petersburg) waba yindawo yokuphumla kuphela abantu ubume ophezulu entlalweni, ngelo xesha etshutshiswa kwilizwe lethu. Kweli yamangcwaba wafumana indawo yokufihla kunye noodade yokugqibela sigodlo. ngamangcwaba abo baye basinda. De kube ngoku, abantu beze omnye wabo - ayisikeleleyo Darya. Le engcwabeni - esinye isizathu sokuba abantu abanomdla kwi Novodevichy Amangcwaba (Saint Petersburg), indlela apho, ukuba ahlawule Mangeni Lingcwaba ayisikeleleyo? Lo mfazi waphila ubomi bakhe ngokuthobeka nasekuhloneleni. Abantu babemthanda kuye inceba yakhe umntu. Yena wafa eneminyaka engu, kodwa wemka "intando". Wathembisa ukunceda bonke abeza imbeko inkumbulo yakhe. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuwela iminwe yakho uze ufunde izihlandlo ezithathu "Aa Mary, Aa!" Ngowe-1930, urhulumente ukhathazwa ukulondoloza iintsalela abantu abaziwayo. Kwaye, nangona yatshatyalaliswa bethuna kwaye ishiywe Novodevichy Amangcwaba St. Petersburg, amangcwaba abadumileyo ezifana lomculi A. A. ivanova, udade A. S. Pushkina O. S. Pavlischevoy umqambi Rimsky-Korsakov wafudukela Alexander Nevsky Monastery.

Church Kwakhona akukho mfuneko

Noko ke, ngelo xesha Enkulu Oktobha Revolution , hayi nje ubunzima yokungcwaba. Ngaba wachithwa kunye amabandla amathathu, indawo leyo Novodevichy Amangcwaba (Saint Petersburg). Eyokuqala them - Church of nguMama kaThixo, Joy of All Ngubani Usizi - yakhiwa ngo-ngo1856, ezilungiselelwe yi E. I. Zhibera. Le tempile elimiswe ngeendleko A. K. Karamzinoy, owaswelekelwa ngumyeni wakhe ngexesha iCrimea War. Wabulawa ngo imfazwe kufuphi Klafatom. Wangcwatywa AN Karamzin ayephakathi kwi Novodevichy emangcwabeni, yaye kwiminyaka embalwa kamva ngasecaleni bombamba umhlolokazi yakhe. Xa ekwindla ka-1883 yabalaselisa ibandla elincinane kuEliya umprofeti, waba wengcwaba amaplanga nomi Petersburg Ili Gromova. Xa isakhiwo emenyezelayo yayiyilwe yi L. N. Benua. Akavumela kwi ezandleni abalweli kunye nebandla ngomthi Kazan, emi emangcwabeni.

olunye uvavanyo

isikhundla High kuluntu ngexesha ubomi emva kokufa akwazi ukunceda abo ndawo lwayo Novodevichy Amangcwaba (Saint Petersburg) zokuphumla lokugqibela. Wamangcwaba abadumileyo, iifoto ezo thaca kweli nqaku ayikwazanga kutshatyalaliswa ngendlela efanayo njengoko abo zivalwe 60s emva kwexesha. Ayizange abonakalisi beprophathi yesikolo, kunye neenkonzo zasezidolophini ngokungqinelana nesigqibo iLeningrad Executive Committee on 16.09.1968, bewisa amangcwaba eshiyiwe ezikhumbuzo, ezingenzelwanga zimelwe ixabiso zobugcisa kunye nembali. Ngoko sagqiba ekubeni ennoble i Novodevichy Amangcwaba (Saint Petersburg). Uluhlu amangcwaba ezatshatyalaliswa ngexesha intshukumo, thaca kwi-sikhokelo, oluqulunqwe A. V. Kobakom kunye YM Priyutko. Kuphela ngo-1964 siye ndabagxotha amangcwaba 400. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, siye safumanisa ukuba ixabiso ezinye amangcwaba ziye understated, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, iye ezilahlekileyo History of St Petersburg.

Gcina imihla yakudala

Kuluntu namhlanje Masiqonde indlela ekubaluleke ngayo ukuba nditsale imemori wooyise. I Novodevichy mangcwaba na amangcwaba ezindala eyenziwa ngamalungu osapho, yaye kukho abo abakukhathaleleyo ngokuthatha umbutho, abanye kukuxhasa ngeminikelo. Umzekelo, i-Military Medical Academy, waza waphakamisa imali ukubuyisela MD oqingqiweyo Alexei Troyanova. Institute of benezidanga Medical ubhatala waqubuda kumlawuli lokuqala lemfundo E. Eyskhvaldu kunyaka ngamnye khathalela ingcwaba lakhe. Abafundi Institute of Railway Iinjineli abangamavolontiya wabuyela 23 amangcwaba akwi baphumeleleyo babesakuba ziko, phakathi abantu abaninzi abalaseleyo, abathe bathatha inxaxheba iziza abadumileyo ekwakheni ilizwe lethu enkulukazi. St. Petersburg uluntu uzama ukuba kulondolozwe necropolis zembali. amagqabantshintshi City kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, umzekelo, into yokuba ennoble ntsimi. Ngenxa eya loo ucingo indawo, isakhiwo ofisi ukulungiswa. iindawo ezinjalo ezixabisekileyo kuba unako ukuza lula sityelele umntu odumileyo yaye ngaloo ndlela bachukumise imbali yeli lizwe lethu. Ngoko ke, bekuya kuba siyathanda ukuba loo ingcwaba wakhangela bafanelwe kwaye kuhambelana ubukhulu yangaphambili "abaqeshi 'zabo.

abantu abaziwayo

Oko umele ukwazi abo baza kutyelela Novodevichy Amangcwaba (Saint Petersburg)? Ngubani na wangcwatyelwa apho, kakade. Of umdla ezithile kwamangcwaba abantu abaziwayo. ukwazi ukubona ukuba uhlobo amangcwaba ezifakwe kwiindawo zokungcwaba zabo. Umzekelo, ilitye lesikhumbuzo M. A. Vrubelyu yi useko elula stepwise eDibanisa okuninzi malunga nezinye iibloko ngamnye lenyengane emnyama. Ngaba ufanele artist odumileyo, ayiqabe "Le demon", "Pan," "I Swan" ayikho isakhiwo ngokucacileyo ngokupheleleyo? Kuba Qinisekisa ukuba ukungazi iindwendwe indawo yamangcwaba. Le lesikhumbuzo sakhiwa emva kokutshatyalaliswa. Kodwa lesikhumbuzo, efakwe kwi engcwabeni N. A. Nekrasova, alondolozwe kule mini efanayo njengoko udale nomkroli. MA Chizhov ngo-1881. Kuba abantu abaninzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle yaba yokusabela lokugqibela Novodevichy Amangcwaba (Saint Petersburg). Wamangcwaba abadumileyo, iifoto ezo thaca kweli nqaku, ukutsala iindwendwe, kwakunye kwindawo yokungcwaba kunye nembali okhethekileyo. Umzekelo, uMsindisi lesikhumbuzo kwi ingcwaba ngumfazi General A. A. Vershinina ukusebenza PI Kyufferle, eyasekwa ngo-1915, ngokutsho legend, unika iminqweno. Yiloo nto abantu beze kuye baze bazise amanqaku kunye nezicelo zabo.

amagama amaninzi eziqhelekileyo

Uluhlu lwabo bonke abo wangcwatyelwa Novodevichy Amangcwaba, kwinqaku elinye akunakwenzeka. Makhe siqwalasele iifani ezimbalwa umdla. NgoDisemba 12, 1889, wafa eyingcali odumileyo S. P. Botkin. Yena waba inani obalaseleyo kwi zonyango kwiminyaka engama-29, ukuba wonyuselwa ukuba ngunjingalwazi. Ngexesha esibhedlele Alexander lokudla kwakhe yakhiwa, namhlanje ogama emva kwakhe. I na elaa litye lithe a umhlola kuye emi phezu emxinwa inyengane eliphezulu kwamanqwanqwa.

Ngowe-1873 Tsarskoye Selo, wafa imbongi edumileyo F. I. Tyutchev. A ngasezibukweni ngokuba umphefumlo wakhe Novodevichy Amangcwaba (Saint Petersburg), i photo ungabona kweli nqaku. Kanye njengokuba ngcwaba ezikufutshane izalamane zayo, engcwabeni na ilitye of emnyama, yaye intloko cross umiselwe ukususela umbandela efanayo emhlophe ezihonjiswe kuphela imikrolo. Yindawo ntsapho wasibuyisa bicentenary wembongi.

Nokokuba wangcwatywa apha kanye umsunguli lenzululwazi Russian kwi amakhowa MS Voronin. Ushiye esisityebi ilifa izazinzulu namhlanje, kubandakanywa iinkcazelo kunye zemizobo izinto eziphantsi, wabulawa ngobuciko olukhulu. Ezi zinto zibekwe ibango kule mini, nangona nzulu wafa ngo-1871. On ingcwaba yakhe elula cross emi phezu kwamanqwanqwa lenyengane, oqingqiweyo ka ilitye eziqhelekileyo.

A uxande elula emarmore emhlophe kunye yeentyatyambo kwento enye zixhonywe yokungcwaba zoncwadi Gozenpud Abram Akimovich. Yena waphila ubomi obude, kwaye nexesha elabelwe kuye kulo mhlaba, kwafuneka ukuba babhale ezininzi yamaphepha ophando, amanqaku kunye neencwadi. Abaninzi kubo, awayisungulela nesihloko ayithandayo - theatre somculo. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe, sivale kwaye bafunde malunga nomsebenzi kwamagcisa kunye neemvumi ubomi Chaliapin, Rimsky-Korsakov, Tchaikovsky, Ershov kunye nabanye. Kwakhona wayefunda idrama, iguqulelwe waza wabhala mdlalo Shabalin, "The Ukudambisa of the Shrew." Yena wafa eneminyaka engama-96.

Ngobani

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ezinye amangcwaba, ngathi sizixhalabise malunga nendlela inzala bazi yindoda elele ngaphantsi kwabo, wachaza uhlobo lwemisebenzi ebomini lalowo ungasekhoyo, ezifana litye lesikhumbuzo Efremovu P. A. nenkosikazi yam, ehleli phezu ingcwaba umfazi dear, babenqwenela ukuba ucacise kuphela imihla yobomi bakhe kunye nokufa, kodwa ukuba bibliographer wodumo bibliophile. Kwaye okunene ke. Pet Aleksandrovich wafunda imbali iincwadi Russian, wafuna ushicilele imisebenzi neembongi edumileyo Lermontov, Batiushkov Pushkin Ryleeva Zhukovsky kunye nabanye. Ngelishwa, emva kokufa kwakhe, ukuqokelelwa wakhe osisityebi iincwadi, ekumeni kunye nemizobo kwathengiswa.

The lesikhumbuzo engaqhelekanga elimiswe kwi kwelabafileyo le sisazinzulu, Umphathi i Polytechnic Institute. It is a iphiramidi ilitye elikhulu elifakiweyo ezine ezincinane kunye iikona thumbanails. Schukin N. L. wenza iiprojekthi wakha zikaloliwe umphunga 1-3-0 kunye 0-4-0 uhlobo. moto grade 4, sasimisile, yombhobho oyile Baku - Batumi nazo kwakhiwa phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe.

Sekunjalo wangcwatyelwa apha, uLieutenant-General Suslov N. A. Wafundisa esikolweni zomkhosi Nicholas-ngamaqabane abo, wakhonza kuLwandle lweBaltic, bathatha inxaxheba emsebenzini lokuhlola amanzi. Layo igama emva entabeni, Cape Peninsula.

Indlela eya necropolis

Sibize nosaziwayo eziliqela uphumle indawo apha, kodwa ke eneneni kule umngcwabo kakhulu ngakumbi. Ukufunda le, abanye abafundi bethu baya ufuna ukutyelela Novodevichy Amangcwaba (Saint Petersburg). Indlela ukuya apho? Ukuza eSt Petersburg, uthabathe loo emgodini suka kwi "Moskovskie Vorota" uze bahamba emibuzo neememo eMoscow. Kwakhona ungenza uthabathe inani iteksi K36, K 350, K213, inombolo ibhasi 15, 17, kunye ibhasi inani 2MA, 2m ukuba ayeke "esiporweni inombolo fleet 1". Kuba abo baya kuhamba ngemoto ukubona Novodevichy Amangcwaba (Saint Petersburg), idilesi: Moskovsky Ithemba, 100.

Neyarok kodwa obonakalayo

Ukongeza emangcwabeni abantu abaziwayo kule yamangcwaba afumaneka zobuciko kunye amangcwaba umdla kubathandi imikrolo. It okuchazwe apha yonke iyantlukwano yabo. Ukubonakalisa intlungu yabo, abantu bangumzekelo umfanekiso wabo. Abaninzi kubo uyayiqonda intsingiselo enye yaziwa kuphela abantu abasondeleyo ungasekhoyo. Kwesikhonkwane ngamanqaku chain ukuya ikhonkco abafileyo elwandle, eneneni, ngeli xesha, kuba wempi Avinov A. P. Kodwa uqweqwe emthini lenyengane ngamasebe sinqunyulwe swi nga hi pfuna ku twisisa leswi ubuxoki phantsi imbongi anisimov VI abaninzi kule ezikhumbuzo emangcwabeni kunye kuvamile: iminqamlezo, iingelosi kunye isijwili Iizilebhu elula buxande. Omnye efakwe kwi ingcwaba umfazi oye wahlala iminyaka eli-100. Le yamangcwaba nazo crypts enzelwe, kodwa yokuba zizinto ezingeyonene, ubonakala kuphela ezakhiwe lwangaphandle.

Nangona Novodevichy Amangcwaba ithathwa kungcwatywa, ukungcwatywa phezu kwayo yenziwa kule mini. Kwaye akukho nto mthethweni. Ukuvunyelwa ukuba ukungcwaba ucula emva ukutshiswa imizimba ngcwaba izalamane, kwakunye ngenjongo iqashiso ecaleni kocingo monastery le. Novodevichy Amangcwaba, enkosi kwimisebenzi yeenkonzo zasezidolophini, imibutho yorhwebo, kunye abemi abaqhelekileyo, akusekho khangela njenge ncam. indawo kwayo zicocwe rhoqo, wonqanyulwa utyani yabo, bakhuphe inkunkuma. Ngoko ke le ndawo iye impela ezingabizi ezityeleleyo abalandeli kwamangcwaba zembali.