Ubukumkani Hebrew nababusi balo. Elikomkhulu ubukumkani Hebrew

ubukumkani Hebrew echazwe eBhayibhileni wayekho XI-X cc. BC. e. Kweli thuba wobukumkani yookumkani uSawule uDavide noSolomon. Xa abantu angamaYuda ababehlala eyodwa enamandla karhulumente kwindawo enye.

Ixesha kwabagwebi

History of Palestine ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ezinxulumene iintsomi ezininzi amabali, ukuchana apho kuqhubeka ukuxambulisana ngembali kunye nabaphandi zemithombo yamandulo. umbuso yesiHebhere kakhulu eyaziwa ngokuba yiTestamente Endala, echaza iziganeko zikhankanyiweyo.

Phambi ukuvela amaYuda bengatshatanga wahlala phantsi kolwalathiso kwabagwebi. zaye ke onyuliweyo phakathi kwamalungu onegunya kunabo, usisilumko yoluntu, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba amandla kanye, yaye kuvunyelwa kuphela ngaphakathi phakathi kwabahlali. Ngelo xesha, amaYuda aba sisengozini ukusuka baziintshaba abamelwane-mbuya avela. AmaFilisti uloyiko enkulu.

Ukunyulwa uKumkani uSawule

Bamalunga nama-1029 BC. e. abantu abaxhalabileyo wawufuna ukuba umprofeti uSamuweli (nakumnye kubagwebi) ukunyula ukumkani komviwa kakhulu befanelekile. Nomfundisi ekuqaleni bazityhafisa bakubo, ewakhuthaza ukuba amandla benkokeli yasemkhosini kuya kukhokelela lobuzwilakhe kunye ikukudandatheka. Noko ke, abantu abaqhelekileyo kokugcuma evela ngesinyanzeliso kwiintshaba yaye baqhubeka lakhe.

Ekugqibeleni, ngokutsho kweBhayibhile, uSamweli wabuza kuThixo, Wawaphendula ukuba ukumkani akubekele indoda uSawule oselula wesizwe sakwaBhenjamin. Yaba imigudu encinane yamaYuda. Kungekudala uMprofeti, wayiqhubela sicelo abantu onxaniweyo. Kwaba lelo xesha ke wagqiba ekubeni bawisa amaqashiso, ukuba ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka ngokukhetha kakumkani. Ngokwenene bakhomba kuSawule. Ngoko kwakukho ubukumkani umHebhere.

Nokuchuma kukaSirayeli

Iminyaka yokuqala yolawulo kaSawule yayilixesha isiqabu kubo bonke abantu bayo. Iinkokeli Military bahlanganisana baze balungiselele iwileyo babenokulikhusela ilizwe kwiintshaba. Ngexesha kungquzulwano ngezixhobo, bagxothiwe yi ubukumkani-Amon, namaMowabhi namaEdom. Ingakumbi krakra yaba kokuyaphula namaFilisti.

yenkolo iNkosi ezahlukeneyo. Ngalinye kokoyisa kwakhe, awayisungulela kuThixo, ngaphandle apho, ngokwembono yakhe, wayeza kuba kudala ukususela ubukumkani wafa isiHebhere. Imbali yeemfazwe yayo ngabamelwane yayo ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha eBhayibhileni. Kukho nto bubonakala nesimilo kaSawule abatsha. Wayengenguye kuphela zonqulo, kodwa indoda ethobekile kunene. Ekuhambeni kwexesha yakhe spare, amandla geqe wahlakulela entsimini, ezibonisa ukuba akukho bahlukile kubantu belizwe lakhe.

Impixano kakumkani umprofeti

Emva enye ngokuxhoma phakathi kaSawule noSamuweli waba nenqala. Isizathu wakhe isenzo onyeliso wokumkani. Ngomhla olwandulela idabi namaFilistiya, wenza idini, lo gama kungekho kanye ukwenjenjalo. Ukwenza oku kungenzeka kuphela ababingeleli, kodwa kunokuba uSamuweli. Phakathi ukumkani umprofeti wayithabatha ikhefu, apho waba ngumqondiso wokuqala ekuqaleni ngamaxesha anzima.

USamuweli, owashiya iyadi, badane uSawule. Wagqiba ukuba wayibeka phezu kwetrone umntu engalunganga. UThixo (ogama kwemifanekiso zifumaneka rhoqo kwi Bible) iye kuvunyelwene kunye umbingeleli wambuza ukuba umviwa elitsha. Baba ityendyana uDavide, uSamuweli ngokufihlakeleyo athanjisiweyo ukuba ngukumkani kwakhe.

david

Lo mfana waba iitalente ezininzi neempawu emangalisayo. Yena waba ijoni obalaseleyo kunye nemvumi. Malunga ubuchule bakhe baba yaziwa kwinkundla wokumkani. USawule waba awaqala ngazo ixesha badla ludandatheko. Ababingeleli wamcebisa ukuba ukunyanga esi sifo ngoncedo lomculo. Ngoko ke inkundla wabonakala uDavide edlala umphathi uhadi.

Kungekudala wasondela ukumkani wazibonakalisa elinye feat. UDavide wajoyina umkhosi wamaSirayeli, xa imfazwe elandelayo nxamnye namaFilisti. Ekampini yotshaba yaba iqhawe uGoliyati kakhulu esibi. Le nzalo nelamaRafa ezikhule enkulu kunye namandla. wabiza uDavide ukuba Kungquzulwano lobuqu yabetha kunye nobuchule bakhe ngenkwitshi. Xa umqondiso uloyiso lo mfana kunqunyulwa intloko giant boyiswa. Esi siganeko yenye edume kakhulu futhi ocatshulwe eBhayibhileni.

Uloyiso uGoliyati, uDavide wenza ozithandayo lwabantu. Phakathi kwakhe uSawule kwabakho ungquzulwano, yaba imfazwe yamakhaya ebizinyikimisa ubukumkani ngesiHebhere. Ngelo xesha ePalestina kwakhona onegunya amaFilisti. Bona woyisa umkhosi kaSawule, waza ke wazibulala, engafuni ukuba ekuthinjweni utshaba.

inkosi entsha

Ngoko ke, ngo-1005 BC. e. UDavide waba ngukumkani. Nokuba enkundleni kaSawule, watshata intombi yakhe, ngaloo ndlela esiba inkosi unyana ka-in. Kungenxa kule elikomkhulu lobukhosi yesiHebhere uDavide eYerusalem, nto leyo iye ukususela kuba intliziyo yabo bonke ubomi yesizwe. Lo mlawuli entsha ukubukelwa yocwangciso lwedolophu kunye nokwenizwa zamaphondo.

Indawo yezikumkani yesiHebhere elo xesha uhlala mbandela mpikiswano. Ukuba ubhekisela iBhayibhile, siya kucinga ukuba imida yakwaSirayeli owaxhina ukusuka eGaza ukuya kumEfrate. Njengamanye abalawuli yezikumkani yesiHebhere, uDavide wayonwabile impi oyimpumelelo ngabamelwane babo. Mbuya ngokuphindaphindiweyo ezilahliweyo ukusuka kumda xa liqalise iphulo rhoqo wabaphangi kwegazi.

Noko ke, asingabo bonke wolawulo kaDavide babuzolile kunye nenzolo. Eli lizwe kwakhona kwafuneka ukuba aye ngokusebenzisa imfazwe yamakhaya. Eli xesha achase unyana wakhe urhulumente kazwelonke uAbhisalom wavukela uDavide. Yena awusebenzisileyo etroneni kayise, nangona wayenelungelo lokuba kuyo. Ekugqibeleni, umkhosi wakhe wavuthululwa nguSirayeli, kunye nonyana wolahleko - bamxabela abakhonzi bokumkani, ezinxamnye ngokomyalelo wokumkani.

Solomon

Xa uDavide wayesel 'aluphele, owalupheleyo, Kwabuya kwabakho umbuzo ngokulandelelana. Ukumkani efuna ukudlulisela amandla omnye woonyana bakhe omncinane; uSolomon, lowo zizakubalulwa ubulumko nobuchule kulawulo. Ukukhetha le uyise akazange ayithande enye unyana omdala - uAdoniya. Waze wazama ukuba alungiselele yazibandakanya ngokuqesha ekumisweni wakhe ngexesha uyise ubomi ogula.

Noko ke, ukuzama ayiphumelelanga uAdoniya. Ngenxa wobu kwabo, usabele ententeni yakhe. USolomon wabaxolela umninawa wakhe emva uguqukile. Kwangaxeshanye, nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba kwi yelenqe inani lamagosa kunye nabo babulawa. Ookumkani ubukumkani Hebrew siqine amandla ezandleni zabo.

Ukwakhiwa kwetempile eYerusalem

Emva kokufa kaDavide ulawulo kanye kaSolomon (965-928 gg. BC. E.). Loo zebhola zobukumkani isiHebhere. Ilizwe ngokuthembekileyo ikhuselwe ezisongela zangaphandle yaye ngokuthe ngcembe zazivelela bakhulile baba zizityebi.

Isenzo engundoqo yaba kukwakha itempile kaSolomon eYerusalem - loo ndawo yonqulo enkulu yamaYuda. Esi sakhiwo yonqulo lwalubonisa komdibaniso yabantu bonke. umsebenzi omkhulu ukulungiselela izixhobo kunye nokudalwa isicwangciso kodwa wenza uDavide. Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, wanika amaphepha unyana wakhe.

USolomon waqala ukuyakha, ngomnyaka wesine wobukumkani bakhe. Ubhenele uncedo kukumkani yesixeko yamaFenike yaseTire. Ukusuka apho kweza labazobi adumileyo kunye aneziphiwo eyakhokela umsebenzi ngqo kwi ukwakha itempile. Esi sakhiwo zonqulo ephambili amaYuda aba yinxalenye yabalindi ebhotwe lakwaJuda. Yayikumgama phezu kwenduli, eyaziwa ngokuba kaThixo. Ngosuku yokumisela ngo-950 BC. e. Netyesi yomnqophiso - le oyidingayo engundoqo yesizwe usiwe sakhiwo. AmaYuda wayibhiyozela ekupheleni zokwakha kwiiveki ezimbini ezidlulileyo. Itempile yaba liziko lobomi yonqulo, leyo ezitsala nabasemzini ukusuka onke amaphondo zamaYuda.

Ukufa uSolomon 928 BC. e. It Liphelisa ukuchuma lukarhulumente emanyeneyo. alandela iNkosi wababela amandla phakathi kwabo. Ukususela ngoko, kwakukho ubukumkani basentla (uSirayeli) kunye nobukumkani basemzantsi (uYuda). Ixesha kukaSawule, uDavide noSolomon ithathwa ubudala segolide yamaYuda.