Inkqubo Ngokwefonetiki ibakho igama (umzekelo). iinkqubo Ngokwefonetiki ngolwimi

inkqubo Ngokwefonetiki ukuba kwenzeka ilizwi, ubukhulu becala ucacisa upelo kunye pronunciation. Le meko yolwimi kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa usenza uhlalutyo audio kwizifundo zolwimi Russian. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa apha nendawo yesandi. Iinkqubo phonetic ngokokuma ekuthiwa-mava kwiilwimi ezininzi. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba uninzi utshintsho kuyilo isandi yegama kuxhomekeke kwindawo yokuhlala nezithuthi. Umntu uphetha izikhamiso, ezinye zandi ithambisa. Umahluko phakathi Bulo eMoscow [w] kunye Nye Petersburg Bulo [chn] Single babe axiomatic.

le nkcazelo

Yintoni inkqubo phonetic? Olu tshintsho ethile ibinzana isandi oonobumba phantsi kwempembelelo imiba eyahlukeneyo. Ukusuka kwezi zinto, kwaye oko kuxhomekeke kudidi lwe nkqubo. Ukuba ngaba isuke licandelo lungelelanisa ulwimi, indlela yokubiza oqhelekileyo amagama (umzekelo, uzakuwushiya ungajongwangwa ngexeshana) - le nto kuthiwa ngokokuma. Ezi ziquka kunciphise amaqabane ezahlukeneyo kunye izikhamiso, kwakunye isiphelo mihle yegama.

Enye into - ezo iinkqubo phonetic ngolwimi, olunikezela ukuhlanganiswa izandi ezahlukeneyo ngamagama. Baya kubizwa ngokuba combinatorial (okt. E. Vumela udibaniso ethile izandi). Kuqala kwinto zonke, oku kuquka nokwenziwa, nokuveza kunye nokuphungula. Kwaye nefuthe isandi indlela elandelayo (inkqubo ukuhlehla) kunye lwangaphambili (progressive).

nokwehla lwezikhamiso

Okokuqala, sihlalutya lo mba lokuncitshiswa. Kuthiwa ukuba ababa ukuba izikhamiso ngenxa consonants. Ngokubhekiselele ekuqaleni, le nkqubo ilawulwe ngokupheleleyo noxinezeleko phonetic ngamagama.

Kuba isiqalo kufuneka kunokuthiwa zonke izikhamiso kwi amagama bahlukane ngokuxhomekeke nobudlelwane lwegama wagxininisa. Wamshiya hamba pretonic, ngasekunene - zaudarnye. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi "umabonwakude." -vi- wagxininisa kolulodwa. Ngako oko, owokuqala pretonic -le- -te- yesibini pretonic. A -zor- zaudarny.

Ngokubanzi zokunciphisa zezikhamiso yahlulwe iintlobo ezimbini: quantitative and qualitative. Eyokuqala ayixhomekekanga utshintsho kuyilo ephilileyo, kodwa ngamandla kuphela kunye nexesha. Le phonetic Inkqubo iinkxalabo omnye bezikhamiso kuphela [y]. Umzekelo, ngokuthi i "boudoir" kucacile. Ugxininiso apha iwela lwegama lokugqibela, yaye ukuba lo wokuqala pretonic "y" unokuviwa ngokucacileyo phezulu, ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi, elinesibini weva pretonic buthathaka kakhulu.

Sovrem enye into - ukuncipha esemgangathweni. Oku kubandakanya utshintsho nje kuphela amandla kunye nobuthathaka yentetho, kodwa besandi ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, ukutshintsha uyilo ukuhambisana izandi.

Umzekelo, [a] yaye [a] kwindawo eyomeleleyo (okt. E. Phantsi stress) njalo weva ngokucacileyo, akakwazi uwahlanganise. Makhe siqwalasele umzekelo igama "samovar". In yegama lokuqala pretonic (-mo-) ileta "o" liviwa kakhulu ngokucacileyo, kodwa siya kwenziwa phambi kokuphela. na isikhundla yayo [^] kuba ku tumbuluxiwa. In lwegama yesibini pretonic iimpawu zezikhamiso -sa- ngokucacileyo, kunciphise ngamandla. Kuba Kwakhona ukutyunjwa yayo [b]. Ngenxa yoko, umbhalo wayeza khangela ngolu hlobo: [sm ^ var].

Izikhamiso, ekhangelene amaqabane ethambileyo, naye kakhulu umdla. Kwakhona, ukuba weva ngokucacileyo kwindawo entle kakhulu. Kwenzeka ntoni xa iisilabhili unstressed? Makhe sihlolisise igama elithi "yokuluka". kolulodwa UJENNIFER - yokugqibela. Xa lwesikhamiso yokuqala pretonic yehliswe kancinci, loo nto ibizwa ngokuba umbhalo ^[kunye] - e izandi ezincinane. Le pretonic sesibini nesesithathu kwanciphisa ngokupheleleyo. izandi ezinjalo okhethwe [s]. Ngenxa yoko, noshicilelo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ^[e v'rti kodwa].

Kakuhle eyaziwa ngeelwimi Potebni scheme. Yena bafumanisa ukuba le yokuqala lwegama pretonic - bha zonke unstressed. Bonke abanye obuphantsi kuye ngamandla. Ukuba lwesikhamiso ikwimeko encomekayo kakhulu ukuthatha ukuya ku-3, kwaye ukuncitshiswa olubuthathaka kakhulu-2, ufumana le nkqubo ilandelayo: 12311 (elithi "igrama").

iziganeko rhoqo (rhoqo ekudla ngokuba), xa unciphiso angu nothi, t. E. I zezikhamiso ke ngelo onke. Lafumana inkqubo efanayo phonetic embindini kunye nasekupheleni ilizwi. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi "nentambo" kwa- wothi isikhamiso kwi zaudarnom yegama yesibini: [provlk], yaye igama "ukuba" lifinyele ku zero bezikhamiso kwi zaudarnom zamagama [shtob]

Ukwehla consonants

Kukho kwakhona inkqubo phonetic kulwimi mihla, ngokuba ukuncitshiswa ezi zandi. Nguye lo hlobo yesandi ekupheleni kwamagama phantse shwaka (wayesoloko ukuncitshiswa zero).

Oku kubangelwa amalungu ka yokubiza amazwi onokuzixela njengoko siphefumla, yaye ukungena komoya ngamanye amaxesha ayanelanga ukuba proartikulirovat elungileyo isandi yokugqibela. Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ngokulandela ikakhulu: izinga intetho kwakunye iimpawu pronunciation (umzekelo, ukubetha).

Lo mkhwa zingabonakala, umzekelo, amagama "sifo", "Ubomi" (kwezinye iziyelelane musa ukubiza ngezandi final). Ngamanye amaxesha kunciphise j: igama elithi "lam" sisithi ngaphandle kuyo, ke, ngokutsho imigaqo, oko kufuneka, ngoko ke, "yaye" simi phambi noonone ...

emangalisa

A inkqubo eyahlukileyo kuncipha emangalisayo xa consonants oluvakalisa zitshintshiwe phantsi kwempembelelo isithulu okanye isiphelo elililo zelizwi.

Umzekelo, thatha igama elithi "mitten". Apha wavakalisa [g] phantsi kweempembelelo njengesigqubuthelo [ku], emi emva kwakhe, basezintlonini. Ngenxa yoko, indibanisela esiyivayo [iviki].

Omnye umzekelo - ekupheleni elililo igama elithi "oki". Kukho yokukhala [b] Kwandikhwankqisa [n].

consonants Soloko yaveza (okanye sonorous) zibuye kule nkqubo, nangona wavuma kakhulu. Ukuba thelekisa indlela elalibizwa ngayo igama elithi "emthini," apho [L] kuza emva isikhamiso, yaye "inkomo", apho isandi efanayo ekupheleni, kulula ukuwubona umahluko. Kwimeko yesibini, sonorous izandi imfutshane ngokuncipha.

ucule

Ncam inkqubo umva - zimfundiso. Yena ukuba combinatorial, t. E. Kuxhomekeka izandi ezithile, emi ecaleni kwenye. Njengomgaqo, oku kusebenza amaqabane qegu, apho ibekwe phambi intsimbi.

Umzekelo, amagama afana "shift", "yenza" - ukuba ukhathazeke kwenzeka kwi iibhokisi okuhlangana kunye neengcambu. Saqhuba lo mba phakathi yala magama: ukuya [s '] ba, malunga [s'] ba. Kwakhona, le nkqubo ithathe indawo kwi umda wegama, yaye sisingxengxezo: ". Kwidolophana" nomama,

ekunciphiseni

Enye umthetho nefonetiki kukuba izandi ezingamaphepha wathamba, ukuba uye emva amaqabane ezithambileyo.

Kukho imithetho ezininzi:

1. Umsindo [n] uba ithambile xa emi phambi [h] okanye [w]: ba [n '] ebhokisini, chi [n'] isniphu, Baraba [n '] ebhokisini.
2. Umsindo [c] yenza kwi kwindawo phambi kokuba soft [m '], [N'], kwaye [s] ukuya [d] kunye [n '] th [c'] abe [c '] neg [s '] ere, in [h] Nya.

Le migaqo ezimbini isebenza kubo bonke ulwimi iziphathi wezifundo, kodwa kukho iziyelelane apho unciphiso nalo eyenzekayo. Umzekelo, kusenokuba kubhengezwa [d '] kholwa okanye [c'] em.

nokwenziwa

Ukumisela inkqubo phonetic of nokwenziwa Kuloko nokwenziwa. Ngamanye amazwi, izandi, uthethe nzima, ngokungathi umi ecaleni ukuyifunda. Oku kusebenza lwendibaniso ezifana "MF", "AF" yaye "CC", "zdch" yaye "stch". Endaweni yoko, libizwa [u]. Ulonwabo - [u] Astier; oyindoda - mu [u] amagunya okuphatha.

Kwakhona agxile ezihamba nesenzi -tsya -tsya kunye, endaweni kubo beva [n]: okuthwesa [i] a, kwinkxalabo [n] kunye, uva [i] a.

Oku kusebenza kwi lula. Xa iqela consonants yalahleka enye: kunye [n] van, izves [n] yak.