Nobuntu ke kwintanda-bulumko Pico della Mirandola

Giovanni Pico della Mirandola wazalelwa Florence, ngoFebruwari 2, 1463. He kubhekwa enye yawona omkhulu Renaissance. ifilosofi sezifundo ze Pico della Mirandola ebizwa ngokuba 'kaThixo ". Ababephila babona njengendlela ngumfanekiso uthakazelelo ophezulu inkcubeko yokomoya, yaye esondele i Pope wafuna iingxelo kwakhe ngesibindi. imisebenzi yakhe, njengaye, ayesaziwa kakhulu kuyo yonke imfundo eYurophu. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola wafa eselula (17 Novemba 1494). Ngexesha lakhe, waba idume yinzwana, nesisa njengenkosana, kodwa ke iintlobo ongaqhelekanga ulwazi lwabo, ubuchule kunye nomdla.

Pico della Mirandola: ibhayografi emfutshane

I sazi wayevela kwintsapho ukubalwa kunye neenkosi. Yena iye yanxulunyaniswa izindlu ezininzi nempembelelo eItali. Kwiminyaka 14, Pico della Mirandola waba umfundi kwiYunivesithi Bologna. Emva koko waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe yaseFerrara, wasePadua, Pavia kunye Paris. Ngexesha uqeqesho, yena yoncutshe yezenkolo, nomthetho, intanda, uncwadi yamandulo. Ukongezelela kwisiLatini nesiGrike, waba nomdla wamaKaledi, isiHebhere, Arabic. Njengoko elivisayo, njengomntwana onengqondo wafuna ukufunda zonke ezibalulekileyo kwaye engcwele yamava ngokomoya olufunyenwe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ngabantu abohlukeneyo.

Imisebenzi yokuqala

Pico ngokwaneleyo kwangoko wenza abahlobo kunye nabantu abafana Medici, Poliziano, Ficino kunye namanye amalungu eKhabhinethi kaPlato Academy. Ngowe-1468, wenza "Le izimvo canzone uthando Beniveni" yaye "900 Izicatshulwa zemathematika, inzululwazi, izimilo kunye ngengqiqo eengxoxo zoluntu." Sazi bekumele ukukhusela imisebenzi yabo kwi-mpikiswano kwi eRoma phambi oosonzululwazi abaziwayo Italian nabaseYurophu. Umnyhadala ukuba kuqhutywa ngo-1487. mpikiswano sivulekile ama ukuba wayelungiselela Pico della Mirandola - "Imalunga ngesidima womntu."

Le ngxabano eRoma

Lo msebenzi, ebhalwe Pico della Mirandola, isidima somntu, ngamafutshane, swi theses ezimbini eziphambili. Okokuqala, umsebenzi wakhe The nzulu ngezinto wathi ngemeko ekhethekileyo yabantu kwindalo iphela. Ingongoma yesibini okwe umanyano yangaphakathi onke amalungiselelo kweengcinga yokuqala ngamnye. Pico della Mirandola oneminyaka eli-23 ubudala, ngokufutshane, ngendlela wayedideka Pope Innocent VIII. Okokuqala, yokusabela engumxube kwabangela nzulu ngezinto ndisemncinane. Okwesibini, kukho ukudideka ngenxa argument kunokuba ngqindilili, engaqhelekanga kunye namagama amatsha ukuba wasebenzisa Pico della Mirandola. "Imalunga isidima somntu" ichaza uluvo lombhali malunga ebukhobokeni magic, inkululeko ngokuthanda kunye nezinye izinto ezingaqondakaliyo kwexesha. Emva impendulo yakhe, upapa wamisela uthumo olukhethekileyo. Kwakufuneka khangela phandle i "Abstract", apho savelisa Pico della Mirandola. Commission igwebe inani imiqathango abeke phambili nzulu ngezinto.

intshutshiso

Ngowe-1487-m Pico waba "Ukuxolisa". Lo msebenzi wadalwa ungxamile, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ekubekweni "encwandini". Phantsi isisongelo lentshutshiso yi Kwamacala, lo nzulu ngezinto wanyanzeleka ukuba asabe ku France. Kodwa apho yathinjwa kwaye wavalelwa Inqaba de Vincennes. Pico wasindiswa kuMoses kubathengi eziphakamileyo, kuquka indima ekhethekileyo edlalwa Lorentso Medichi. Enyanisweni, waba ngumlawuli Florence ngelo xesha, apho bakhululwe nzulu ngezinto entolongweni kwaye wachitha yonke imihla.

Employment emva icala

Ngowe-1489-m Pico della Mirandola igqityiwe kwaye yapapashwa ama "Geptapl" (iindlela ezisixhenxe ingcaciso kweentsuku ezintandathu kwendalo). Kulo sazi msebenzi Faka hermeneutics obhityileyo. Wafunda intsingiselo efihlakeleyo, taivshiysya kwi ethi "Genesis". Ngowe-1492-m Pico della Mirandola wadala umsebenzi encinane 'ucandiwe eliyimbumba. " Yaba yinxalenye olwahlukileyo lwenkqubo ye yomsebenzi, leyo eyenzelwe ayicamagushele kwithiyori uPlato noAristotle, kodwa zange iphunyezwe de kube sekupheleni. Zange ndabona ukukhanya kunye na Pico - uthembisa ukuba "zakwalizwi enkondlo". umsebenzi wakhe wokugqibela yaba "Intetho phezu uprofeta ngeenkwenkwezi." Kulo msebenzi wayichasa amalungiselelo ayo.

Pico della Mirandola: Ideas Basic

Sazi ingqalelo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo mfundiso njengoko Inyaniso omnye. Wayezixhasa kukuchaza kabanzi a Eyokuqiqa zefilosofi nezenkolo oqhelekileyo zehlabathi, niqale Ficino. Noko ke, le nzala iye yaguqulelwa nzulu ngezinto evela entsimini yembali edibene nenkolo kummandla ezikhona. Pico wazama nokulungelelanisa ubuKristu, Kabbalah kunye Averroism. Ebalungisele waza wathumela eRoma iziphumo zabo, nto leyo eziqulathwe Izicatshulwa 900. Babexhalabile bonke "knowable." Abanye babo zathathwa, ezinye - lakhe. Noko ke, ingqalelo njengoko heretical kwaye mpikiswano eRoma akazange athathe indawo. Yabasebenzi, leyo wadala Pico della Mirandola phezu kwisidima somntu, ocacise oko kwizangqa ebanzi bexesha lakhe. Uthi nje Kwintshayelelo kwingxoxo. Kwelinye icala, sazi kumanyaniswe neengqikelelo ezingundoqo zeniyo-iimfundiso zikaPlato, kwelinye - ezifundisa theses ngaphaya (UPlato) isithethe akunjalo. Baba kufutshane personalism kunye ukuzikhethela.

Kakuhle eli ithisisi

Man ku Pico yaba kwihlabathi ekhethekileyo yonke wadalwa nguThixo. Le sazi komntu lowo kufakwa kwiziko konke ukho. Man "yee-inokusityeda", isenokuwa kwinqanaba izilwanyana, nkqu nezityalo. Nangona kunjalo, lo mntu azaba nakuvuka uThixo neengelosi, ukuhlala twatse ngokwayo - neinym. Pico kuyenzeka kuba umntu - lisisidalwa umfanekiso yawo, apho uYise lityale "igciwane zonke izidalwa." Ingcinga itolikwa ngokusekelwe intuition epheleleyo. Yaba lifana kumaXesha Aphakathi emva kwexesha. ingqiqo sazi ibonisa isiqalelo 'revolution Copernican "isazela yonqulo yokuziphatha olukhulu kakhulu ngamaKrestu ehlabathini Koloni. Hayi usindiso, oko kukuthi ubuchule intsingiselo yobomi - utsho Pico della Mirandola. Philosophy ngokuqulunqa incazelo zonqulo nangobunto wonke amasiko entsonkothileyo yeengcinga wentsomi yokomoya.

Eyakho "I"

lasungulwa uchaza anthropocentrism. Pico della Mirandola Mathews inkululeko kunye nesidima ngamnye njengoko ngumdali geqe okukokwakhe "I". Ngabanye, zikwazi yonke unokuba nantoni na. Man sisoloko ngenxa yemizamo yabo. Ngoxa kugcinwa amathuba zonyulo entsha, akayi kushukunyiswa izinziswe akukho uhlobo lwe ubukho yayo ehlabathini. Ngaloo ndlela Pico uthi umntu wadalwa nguThixo ngokomfanekiso wakhe. Kodwa uThixo awunike yedwa ngamnye ukwenza yabo "I". Ngenxa kwindawo yayo engundoqo, it has kufutshane kunye nempembelelo nezinye izinto zadalwa nguThixo. Ngokwamkela iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ezi indalo, umntu osebenza njengoko inkosi wokhululekileyo, eyakhiwe ngokupheleleyo ubuntu bakhe. Ngoko waphakanyiselwa phezulu ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye.

ukuhlakanipha

Ngokutsho Pico, ukuba sinxulumana zonke izithintelo. Ubulumko iqukuqela kalula ukusuka imfundiso omnye komnye, ukhetha imilo elivumelana iimeko. kwizikolo ezahlukeneyo, abacinga, isithethe, phambi ahlobene ezichasile, Pico na oluthungelanayo zixhomekeke. Bafumana ngobuhlobo nzulu. yonke indalo idaliwe kwi ehambelana (efihliweyo okanye iyagxininiswa).

cabala

Inzala kuwo liye landa ngexesha Renaissance wabulela Pico. I-sobulumko abatsha abanomdla wokufunda ngesiHebhere. "Encwandini 'yakhe badalwa ngokusekelwe Kabbalah. Pico nomqeqeshi yaye wafunda eziliqela abaphengululi bamaYuda. Ukufundisisa Kabbalah, waqala ngeelwimi ezimbini. Eyokuqala babengamaYuda, kwaye eyesibini - Latin (yaguqulelwa umYuda kuguqukela kubuKristu). Xa xesha Pico mahluko ekhethekileyo phakathi komlingo kunye Kabbalah wayengekho. I sazi wasebenzisa loo magama kuyahambisana rhoqo. Pico wathi imfundiso yobuKristu, kungcono ukubonisa ngoncedo Kabbalah kunye umlingo. ISibhalo, nto leyo ngumqondiso zezenzululwazi, wathabatha ukuya esoteric yamandulo wasindisa amaYuda. Xa iziko lolwazi yaba ingcamango of Christianity, leyo ukuqonda ukufunda Kabbalah. In kwiimpikiswano kusetyenziswa poslebibleyskie Pico isebenza, eyayibandakanya KwiMidrash, ITalmud, umsebenzi zobulumko, rationalists namaYuda atolike iBhayibhile.

Imfundiso yamaKristu Kabbalists

Kubo ke kokufunyanwa ubukho amagama ahlukeneyo kaThixo kunye nezidalwa eyayihlala esibhakabhakeni. Transmutation alphabet amaYuda iindlela yamanani baba oyena ndoqo kwingqiqo. Emva kokuhlolisisa ingqiqo yolwimi nguThixo, amarhamente imfundiso babekholelwa ukuba indlela echanileyo yokubiza igama Oyena Uphakamileyo zingachaphazela ngokwenene. Le nto iye yakhokelela ekubeni inkolelo abameli besi sikolo Renaissance kuloo umlingo lisebenza ku nga matimba lamakulu evuakweni hinkwabyo. Ekugqibeleni, yonke into zixhaphakile isebuYudeni, yaba iqhosha kwi kwimbonakalo of amalungu yamaKristu Kabbalah. Oku, kwakunxibelelene kwenye ithiyori, nabantu zivela kwimithombo zamaYuda.

umqondo Hermetic

Kwakhona evakalayo njengomKristu. Ngelo lixa elinamandla kwi Pico uye hermeticism Ficino. Lo mqondo uchazwe ngokonga ukukhanya ngokuqokelela amasuntswana amelweyo okwenyaniso. Nalo olu lwazi kwenzeka njenge memory. Hermeticism wabonisa izangqa 8 (Arcana) nezinyuko. Ukuthembela Gnostic notoliko wentsomi ngemvelaphi yomntu, ingqiqo uchaza iziphiwo ezikhethekileyo nguThixo ngamnye. Baya kuba negalelo ekusetyenzisweni kwe izenzo ezimeleyo imemori lovuko. Ngelo xesha yena hermeticism lwalutshintshile phantsi kwempembelelo ubuKristu. Ingcamango usindiso ngolwazi liye indawo ingcamango lomzimba, ukuba nesono ngamnye, iindaba ezilungileyo kwetu, inguquko, ngenceba kaThixo.

"Geptaplus"

Kulo sazi umsebenzi kusetyenziswa izixhobo Kabbalistic ecacisa amagama. Umsebenzi ibhekisa ukuvisisana ekuqaleni kwabantu, umlilo, neenkonzo zobuntlola. Oku ezintathu iindawo zehlabathi ezinkulu nezincinane - of macrocosm kunye sekuba. Eyokuqala ibandakanya ingqondo nguThixo okanye ziingelosi, umthombo wobulumko, ukusuka ilanga, leyo ufuzisela uthando, kwakunye evela ezulwini, kwisikhundla sakhe ekuqaleni ubomi kunye nentshukumo. umsebenzi Human uzimisele ngendlela efanayo ingqondo, esini, intliziyo, leyo zinikelwe uthando, ingqondo, ukuqhubeka ubomi kunye nendalo. Pico ayisebenzi nje izixhobo Kabbalistic ekuqinisekiseni iinyaniso zobuKristu. Oku kuquka zamvanje umlinganiselo olukhulu kunye sekuba, leyo awucacise Renaissance ngendlela.

ngokuvumelana

Kakade ke, Kabbalah nempembelelo ngamandla ukuyilwa ingqikelelo Renaissance olukhulu kunye sekuba. Oku kubonakala kuphela imisebenzi Pico della Mirandola. Emva koko, impembelelo ye Kabbalah lubhiyozelwa ngemisebenzi Paracelsus noAgripa Nostesgeymskogo. Harmony enkulu uyafana ezincinane kunokwenzeka kuphela xa kukho intsebenziswano esebenzayo phakathi komntu noThixo. Ekuqondeni ngaphakathi ingqiqo Kabbalistic watolika ingcamango yokuba kwemvume, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo yokuba le Renaissance njengesifundo of kwingqiqo bakhuthaza indoda leyo sekuba. Waye ukuvumelana zonke kwanangezibilini nomzimba iindawo, negazi, ingqondo, imilenze, isisu, njalo-njalo. Kwizithethe medieval theocentric akwanelanga lebyi izixhobo eyaneleyo sengqiqo ukutolika ukuziphilisa, emzimbeni kunye imvume eyodwa ezahlukeneyo.

isiphelo

incazelo ecacile imvume olukhulu kunye sekuba zifumaneka kaTsohare. It ububanzi behlabathi kwaye wasezulwini isombulula ngokucacileyo ukuqonda novelwano umanyano cosmic. Noko ke, ukuzalana Renaissance iingqiqo theosophical kunye nemifanekiso kaTsohare ayikwazi kubizwa ngokuba ezizodwa. Mirandola banokuphanda kuphela zicatshulwa ukufundisa ezinye leyo iye yafakelwa izilungiso kwaye kwakhona ngenkulungwane ye-13 yaye isasazeka ngeenxa iminyaka 1270-1300. Inguqulelo epapashwe kule xesha yaba sisiphumo nemibutho iiseti zophando iinkcuba kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi. Ukusasaza kaTsohare zicatshulwa hlukile lomntu pantheistic ngokucacileyo, theocentric kunye yimincili. Ukuba ziyangqinelana neemfuno kunye namasiko zobuYuda zonke babephikisana ifilosofi Mirandola. Kufuneka ke ukuba "encwandini" nzulu ngezinto wakhe wamnika ezizodwa ixabiso Kabbalah. Mirandola wazama ukwenza zamaKristu balubiza yamaYuda usebenzisa imithombo Zoroastrism, orphism, pifagorizma, ingqiqo Aristotelism Averroes Chaldaean. Sazi Wayethetha ekuthelekisweni le ubuninzi, yokuvumelana ye-Gnostic neemfundiso zomlingo ukusuka ingcamango zobuKristu isebenza waseCusa noAristotle.