Imiqathango yokuhanjiswa kweDDP. Ukuhanjiswa kweempahla kwiimfuno zeDDP

Ibhishini ekuthuthweni yindlela yokuphuhlisa isicwangciso soqoqosho. Unyaka wonke abadlali abatsha beza kuye, abanye babo abanokuqonda okungalunganga komsebenzi kweli shishini. Ukuze silungise le nto, sikunikezela inkcazo echaza imiqathango yokuhanjiswa kweDDP.

Ngokuqwalasela ukutyekela ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba lokuthutha, loo nkcazelo ngokuqinisekileyo ayiyi kuba yinto engabonakaliyo.

Ukuqulunqwa komgaqo-siseko

Uncwadi lwangaphandle, imiqathango yokuhanjiswa kweDDP ibonakaliswe lixesha elibizwa ngokuba yi-Delivered Duty Paid (... indawo ebizwa ngokuba yindawo eya kuyo), eguqulela ngokuthi "ukuhanjiswa ngokuhlawula umsebenzi", kwaye ubonise indawo ekuya kuyo ukuba ivelise impahla.

Kuthetha ukuthini oku?

Ngokulula nje, eli gama lithetha oku kulandelayo: umthengisi uyavuma ukubonelela umthengi ngesithwala esiphelile yonke imimiselo yamasiko (ukucocwa), ukuyihambisa kwindawo echazwe ngamacandelo. Enyanisweni, kulo mzekelo, umthengisi ubeka yonke ingozi ehambelana nokuthuthwa kweempahla, uhlawule zonke iimrhumo ezifunekayo.

Ngaloo ndlela, kulo mthengisi uthetha zonke iimbopheleleko zokufika ngokukhuselekileyo kweempahla kwi-garaji ukuya kumthengi wokugqibela. Kubalulekile! Ukuba umthengisi ngesinye isizathu okanye omnye akakwazi ukuhlawula ilayisensi ukuba angenise umkhiqizo, igama elithi "imiqathango yokunikezelwa kweDDP" ayisetyenziswa.

Ezinye izinto

Amaqela angavuma ukuba inxalenye yeendleko (i-VAT, umzekelo) ingahlawulwa yinkampani ekuthengeni le mveliso. Kodwa kule meko, zonke iinkcukacha ezincinci zentengiso kufuneka ziboniswe kwisivumelwano. Ingqwalasela ngokubhekiselele kulo mba kukuba ngumthengisi: ukuba amaxwebhu ayichazi le miqathango, nayiphi na inkundla iya kubambisana nomthengi, ukwenzela ukuba imiqathango yokunikezelwa kwe-DDP inenzuzo kwiqela elifumanayo.

Ukuba umthengi uthatha ingozi yokuthutha impahla, ngoko kufuneka isebenzise iDDU. Kakade, konke oku ku funeka kuboniswe kwisivumelwano sokuthengisa. Olu lusetyenziso lusetyenziswe naluphi na uhlobo lwezothutho, kodwa ekusebenzeni ngamazwe ngamazwe kuyinto yesiko ukukhetha ukuhanjiswa olwandle njengo-DES okanye DEQ.

Kakade, sele siphindaphindiwe ngamaxesha amaninzi malunga nokuxanduva lokuthengisa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa esi sihloko simele sichazwe ngakumbi, kuba kwezinye iimeko, kunokwenzeka ukuba kunokwenzeka.

Ukukhutshwa kwamasiko

Ngokungafani nezinye iindlela zokuhanjiswa, kulo mzekelo, umthengisi (!) Ngomngcipheko wakhe kwaye unyuke zonke iimvume zokungenisa iimveliso, uqhuba iimpahla ngeendlela zamanye amazwe okanye ilizwe lakhe (ukuthutha lwasekhaya), ngelixa uhlawula yonke imirhumo kunye nemisebenzi Yakho ipokothini.

Izivumelwano zokuhamba kunye ne-inshorensi

Ukongeza, ngumthengisi ngeendleko zakhe ezingena kwisivumelwano sokubonelelwa kwemveliso. Kodwa! Ngaphandle kokuba kuchazwe ngenye inkontileka, unokukhetha ngokuzimeleyo indawo ekuyo ihambelana neemfuno zakhe. Ngokuphathelele isivumelwano se-inshurensi, akukho mbopheleleko kuyo.

Ekuhanjisweni kweendleko

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, imiqathango yokunikezelwa kwe-DDP - i-Incoterms 2010 - ifuna umthengisi ukuba athwale zonke iindleko ezinxulumene nokulayisha / ukulayisha impahla, kunye nokubuyisela iindleko ezivela ngexesha lokuhanjiswa kweempahla kumthengi. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziqhotyoshelweyo ezihambelana nokugqithwa kwemida yangaphakathi okanye karhulumente (kunye nemida yezinye iindawo kwixesha elizayo) nazo ziwela phantsi kwenkcazo.

Kubalulekile! Ngaphantsi kweemfuno ezintsha, i-DDP-terms of delivery ("i-Incoterms 2010" -iyo kuthiwa le mithetho) inikezela ukuthumela isaziso kumthengi malunga neqiniso ekuqaleni kwezinto zokuthutha impahla, kwaye unyanzelekile ukuba uthumele kulo lonke ulwazi olufunekayo ukufezekisa nayiphi na imisebenzi enxulumene Ukwamukelwa kwempahla.

Ubungqina bokuThumela

Nceda uqaphele ukuba indawo yomthwalo wembopheleleko ibandakanya nokubonelelwa (ngeendleko zakhe) kwindlela yokuphambukisa kunye / okanye umqulu oqhelekileyo owenziwe ngexesha lokuthutha. Ezi zibandakanya ibhajethi yokuthintana, i-waybill, i-waybills, eqinisekisa ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwempahla yolwandle, umoya okanye ezinye iindlela zothutho. Ukuba kunikwe inkontileka yokubonelela, amaxwebhu ekhompyutheni aqinisekisiwe ngombhalo wesicatshulwa ngekhompyutheni esebenzisa i-standard standard cryptography ingasetyenziswa.

Mayelana nokuhlolwa kunye neemfuno zokupakisha impahla

Ngokuphathelele ukuhlolwa kweempahla ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe, ukuhanjiswa phantsi kwemiqathango ye-DDP kule ntlukwano akufani nalezinye iindlela zokuthumela izinto. Ngendlela elula, umthengisi kufuneka ngeendleko zakhe kwaye ngokwakhe uhlole ukufumaneka kweempahla, ubunzima kunye nezinye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ezibalulekileyo ukuthumela ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nokwamukelwa kwempahla. Ukongezelela, umthengi ngeendleko zakhe unikezela ukupakishwa okuyimfuneko kwimveliso, ngaphandle kokuba imithetho yezorhwebo ivumela ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngobuninzi.

Kakade, iipakethe kufuneka zibe nazo zonke iimpawu eziyimfuneko ezifunyenwe kulolu hlobo lomkhiqizo kwihlabathi lonke okanye kwilizwe apho kuthunyelwa khona izithuthi.

Yiloo nto i-DDP yemigaqo yokuhanjiswa evela kumbono womthengisi. Kwaye ngoku siza kuthetha malunga naluphi uhlobo lwezibophelelo ezibekwe kumntu othe ngqo kumpahla (umthengi).

Iimbopheleleko eziphambili zomthengi

Okokuqala, sifanele senze ukugcinwa kwangaphambili ukuba kule nxaxheba, kungekhona nje kuphela yomthetho, kodwa umntu angenza. Kukho nawuphi na umqathango, umsebenzi oyintloko womthengi uhlawulelwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwiimpahla ezihanjisiweyo.

Ukongeza, ukuhanjiswa kweempahla kwiimfuno ze-DDP kufuna ukuba ancedise ngokugcwele umthengisi ekufumaneni nayiphi na inkcazelo ebalulekileyo ngokufumana ngexesha elifikelelekileyo nelingenakukhutshwa kwamaphepha onke amasiko afunekayo. Ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwenziwa ngokuhambelana nemimiselo eqhotyoshelwe ngokubanzi kunye nemimiselo echazwe kwangaphambili kwisivumelwano somthengiso, umthengi unyanzelekile (!) Ukwamkela nokuhlawula iimpahla ngokuhambelana ngokupheleleyo nezivumelwano ezifikelelwa ngaphambili.

Ukuba, ngenxa yesizathu esithile, umthengi akakwazi ukufumana iimpahla kwindawo yokukhupha, eyayibekwe ngaphambili kwisivumelwano, unyanzelekile ukuba azise umdayisi ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba lo mbopheleleko awunakuthatyathwa, izigwebo zinokumiselwa kuye.

Ukunyanzela iMajeure

Ezinye izinto ezingabandakanyeki ziyakwenza kuphela amandla amakhulu. Eli gama liqondwa njengamandla angenakunqandeka avimbela amaqela ekuzalisekeni izivumelwano zabo ezichazwe kwisivumelwano (imfazwe, iintlekele zemvelo kunye neentlekele zemvelo).

Kodwa oku akulondolozi umthengi kwiimfuno zokuhlawula iimpahla ezinikwe kuye okanye ukuthatha imithwalo esele ihlawulwe. Ukongeza, ukwenzela ukuba iimeko zivunywe ngokuqinisekileyo njengamandla amakhulu, kufuneka zifake isebe elisondeleyo kwiCandelo loRhwebi leRussia Federation ukuba lide kangangeentsuku ezintathu kwaye lilungise isikhalazo sokuhlehliswa kwezibophelelo kumthengisi.

Ukuba i- force majeure iya kuhlala kwiinyanga ezingaphezu kweenyanga ezintathu, isivumelwano siyakunqunyulwa ngesivumelwano samacandelo. Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba umthengi okanye umdayisi akakwazi ukuhambisa izinto ezikhokhelwe okanye angayihlawuli ukuba ithunyelwe.

Kwimeko apho umqubuzana ovela kuloo mhlaba, ongenakukwazi ukusombululwa ngesivumelwano esivumelwaneni samaqela, iNkundla yoMlambo kufuneka ixolelane.

Ukutshintshwa kweengozi

Njengoko unokuqiqa, umthwalo oyintloko wale nto ngumthengisi. Kodwa umthengi ngokwakhe unembopheleleko ethile.

Ukuba ukuhanjiswa kweempahla kwenzelwa ngexesha kwaye ngokuhambelana neminye imiqathango yesigqibo, kulo mthengi unembopheleleko epheleleyo ngokukhusela kwakhe okuqhubekayo ukusuka ngexesha lokudluliselwa kweempahla kuye okanye kummeli wakhe osemthethweni. Kwimeko apho umonakalo okanye ukungabikho kwintlupheko kwenzeka xa kwenzeka izenzo zamakhasimende, lo mva unyanzelekile ukuba ahlawule isigwebo ngokugcwele ngeendleko zakhe.

Ukuba umthengi akazange azise umdayisi wokungabikho kokwamkela iimpahla, kufuneka akhokhe ngokupheleleyo ilahleko ezenziwa ngenxa yezenzo zakhe. Kodwa! Inqobo esemgangathweni yokuthotyelwa kwesi sigatshana sekhontrakthi ukuthotyelwa ngokupheleleyo kweempahla kunye neziganeko ezivakalisiweyo. Ngokukodwa, imiqathango yokuhanjiswa kweDDP "i-Incoterms-2012" isekelwe kulo.

Ukubeka nje, iimpahla kufuneka zichongwe ngendlela efanelekileyo. Okanye ngandlela-thile ichazwe ngokuhlukileyo njengaloo mveliso, eyayiyintloko yesivumelwano phakathi kwamaqela amabini aphikisanayo.

Ukongezelela, ummkeli kufuneka athathe zonke iindleko ezihambelana nokuhlolwa kweempahla ngexesha lokufumana. Ngokukodwa kubandakanyeka kula maxesha xa loo mfuneko ilawulwa ngokusemthethweni kulawo mazwe apho umdayisi athumela khona impahla. Le mfuneko yaqaliswa ngokwemigqaliselo yokuhanjiswa kwe-DDP Incoterms 2000 kwaye ukususela ngoko amaqumrhu ayo ayitshintshi.

Amanqaku abalulekileyo

Nangona kukho konke oku ngasentla, kukho iziganeko zomthetho. Ngokomzekelo, oosomashishini abaninzi kwilizwe lethu baye bajamelana neemeko apho umthengisi oyinkampani esemthethweni okanye umntu ongenamanye amazwe akakwazi ukuhlawula irhafu yorhwebo kunye nezinye iindleko egameni layo phantsi kwemithetho yorhwebo lwethu (Isiqendu 320 se-LC RF), nangona kufuneka Imiqathango yokunikezelwa kweDDP. Oku kuthetha ukuba imeko enjalo yeemeko kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ngexesha lokusayina isivumelwano, ekumisela imfuneko yokuhlawula iimali zorhwebo ngumthengi. Oku kuya kuphepha ukungaqondani kunye nobunzima obusemthethweni kwixesha elizayo.

Ekugqibeleni

Indlela yokuthengiswa kwezorhwebo ichazwe ngasentla ibaluleke ngokukodwa kwiminyaka yamuva. Inkxalabo yezoshishino kunye nezoqoqosho kwihlabathi ikhokelela ekubeni abathengisi baphoxiswa ngazo zonke iindlela zokulwa nokuthengwa kwabathengi. Ukuba awuphuli imithetho yezorhwebo, ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo indlela yokukhawulela abathengi abanakho kukunika iDDP, njengoko ikuvumela ukuba ubonise ubungqina obuphezulu kumthengi.