Njengoko luvo lilawula inkqubo yonyango? Zingaphi iinkqubo ezilawulwa yi-luvo lo mntu?

Umzimba womntu ubunjwe ezigidi iiseli ezahlukeneyo, ekwenzeni umsebenzi wayo ezithile. Kodwa ukuba oku ukuba basebenze ezininzi iiyunithi ngamnye kakuhle kwaye enye, esebenza kakuhle ephilayo kufuna unxibelelwano rhoqo phakathi kwabo. Emzimbeni womntu kukho iinkqubo ezimbini banoxanduva sisananelo inkcazelo: luvo yonyango. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa indlela luvo lilawula inkqubo yonyango, nendlela awasabela ngayo omnye komnye. Ke ngoko kuqala kwiinto zonke khumbula ukuba kwesixokelelwano kunye nendlela asebenza.

inkqubo yonyango

Enye iinkqubo zolawulo ezisisiseko omzimba zabantu - yonyango, ukwenza imisebenzi yabo iikhemikhali ezithile - iihomoni eziveliswa ngamadlala ezizodwa iiseli ezikhethekileyo. Hormone secreted kwi isithuba extracellular egazini, kwaye nayo abathuthwayo ukuya ancedisana neenkqubo yomzimba ezahlukeneyo.

Njengenxalenye kwamadlala ezidalwe zezi iqala akhoyo kunye secretion zithe zadala, ezifana:

• pineal (epiphysis) ;
• yebhinqa (hypophysis);
• ndlala;
• thymus (thymus);
• parathyroid;
• pancreas;
• amadlala adrenal;
• gonads;
• amaqanda / amasende.

Imisebenzi yenkqubo yonyango

1. Inkqubo Indlela luvo ilawula inkqubo yonyango, yaye lilungelelanise ukusebenza kweenkqubo, amalungu kunye namalaphu.

2. Ijongene rhoqo kuzo zonke iinkqubo ezikhoyo emzimbeni kwimeko lwangaphandle ezihlala ziguquka.

3. Ukusebenza kunye neenkqubo luvo kunye nezifo, yenze indima yolawulo inkqubo yokukhula kunye nophuhliso umzimba wenyama kunye namaziko.

4. Kuye nempembelelo ephawulweyo indlela iinkqubo ngokweemvakalelo nangokwasengqondweni, yaye ngenxa yoko, ukuziphatha komntu.

5. Ukuthatha inxaxheba ekumiseleni inkqubo sokuzala isebenza kwaye inegalelo iyantlukwano ngokwesini.

luvo

Le izakhiwo entsonkothileyo yokwakheka, apho umntu okwaziyo ukumelana neemeko ezahlukeneyo okuguqula behlabathi. Yeyona luvo (NS) ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza naluphi na utshintsho kunye nokuthumela imiqondiso yombane, ukutshintsha ukusebenza iinkqubo zangaphakathi kunye namaziko awohlukeneyo. Ekubeni luvo lilawula inkqubo yonyango, baye basebenza kunye ukunceda ekulondolozeni ayitshintshanga okusingqongileyo lwangaphakathi (homeostasis).

nemisebenzi esisiseko

1. Human NA ifumana ulwazi malunga ubunyani yokusingqongileyo kunye nehlabathi ngaphandle, ngokunjalo iwonga zonke iinkqubo kunye amalungu omzimba.

2. Thumela olunye ulwazi ofunyenweyo ngobume kunye nokusebenza umzimba engqondweni.

3. Abadibanisi kwaye ilawula abazi (engenasizathu) intshukumo yomzimba.

4. Inkqubo Somlomo nokunxibelelanisa ekwenzeni imisebenzi ngokuzenzekelayo emzimbeni ezifana izinga lentliziyo, ubushushu bomzimba, nokuphefumla kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.

Yintoni na isakhiwo luvo?

Ubume bale nkqubo ziquka:

- ganglia kunye plexus;

- luvo;

- umnqonqo;

- ubuchopho.

NA wahlulwe kwi iinxalenye esembindini neuropathy. Central INdibano yesiZwe inamalungu ingqondo kunye umnqonqo, kwakunye nokrwece inshorensi. Ngaphezu kwama-30 ka-luvo lomqolo kunye cranial osusela umnqonqo kunye ingqondo, amasebe zengqondo kunye nenkqubo peripheral luvo. Loo ukwahlukana ngendlela engaqondakaliyo, ekubeni umsebenzi la malungu mabini kunye.

ngezigaba

Inkqubo yabantu luvo nga zihlelwe:

1. Umgaqo yokwakheka:

• iziko;
• zomzimba.

2. Imisebenzi:

• yawo:
• Somatic.

Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha oko elawula inkqubo yawo nervous kwaye kwenzeka ngayo.

Iimpawu ze yawo kunye neenkqubo somatic luvo

Ngenxa nasekusungulweni luvo yabantu kwafuneka ezahlulwe ngamaqela amabini, nganye owenza kuphela umsebenzi abe yinqobo kuye. Ngenxa yoko, somatic NA inoxanduva kwimbono yolwazi evela ihlabathi ngaphandle, kwakunye nolawulo nokulungelelaniswa intshukumo yomzimba esithubeni. Njengenxalenye HC oluntu, inkqubo yawo nervous elawula umsebenzi imithambo nkovu kunye negazi, ngokunjalo:

- nokuphumla kunye nokuhla zihlunu kakuhle kwamalungu zangaphakathi ezahlukeneyo;

- ukuvala kunye nokwandisa le mithambo yegazi igazi emithanjeni;

- ukubetha;

- ubungakanani abafundi;

- imveliso hormone yi yonyango kunye exocrine namadlala.

Ukongeza, i-NS yawo nangoku ithwala igama izimele, okt ezizimeleyo ukusebenza somatic NA, onoxanduva entsa kwaye ukusabela kwizinto ezichaphazela izihlunu skeletal omzimba womntu. luvo yawo Human ilawula ekuthiwa ubomi kwezityalo kumzimba, kwaye ngokusebenzisa ulawulo nokuphathwa iinkqubo pathways kunye ezinxulumeneyo ezisebenza kunye naye ukuphefumla, ukujikeleza, ukwetyisa, utsalo kunye nokuzala.

Lohlulwe, ngokungqinelana ne kwisakhiwo nokusebenza neempawu le arc reflex, kumacandelo metasympathetic, enovelwano kunye parasympathetic. Inkqubo yawo luvo olawula, ngokusebenzisa kumasebe awo awohlukileyo ukungenisa izakhi, ukwandisa umthamo oksijini anikezelweyo kwizihlunu, ukuphelelwa umoya kunye neminye imisebenzi.

Mu kuya kwa nshita somatic, inkqubo yawo luvo elawula umsebenzi amalungu kunye neenkqubo ikwimo "ezenzekelayo", nto leyo uhlobo ezikhululekileyo. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba ulawulo abazi, ngokwahlukileyo ukuya somatic. Oku luncedo ebaluleke kakhulu, akuvumelekanga ukuba bangenele inkqubo yendaleko yokuqokelela amalungu kunye neenkqubo umntu.

somatic NA

isebe Somatic e-nervous system ulawula ukusebenza izivamvo kwaye ulawula ekusebenzeni zihlunu skeletal phantsi kolawulo ingqondo yomntu. Kuphela umgudu nomnqweno abazi umntu ukuma okanye uhlale, goba okanye ukuqondisa ingalo kunye naluphi na lomzimba. Kuba inkalo uphawu isilwanyana - intshukumo - yeSizwe yeNdibano isebe maxa wambi ebizwa isilwanyana okanye isilwanyana. Ukulawula iziko somatic NA akhiwe yobuchopho phezu kwamanzi, okutshabalalayo ukuhanjiswa kolwazi ukusuka amalungu sensory nokulungiswa ukwenzeka ulwazi malunga ukufezekisa iimfuno ezithile emzimbeni womntu.

Inkqubo somatic luvo kulawula utshintsho yokuziphatha kunceda umntu ukuba avumelane neemeko zentlalo zendalo.

Ukufana kunye nomahluko systems

Njengokuba sele sitshilo, yonyango kunye ethukile neenkqubo bakhonza ukugcina indawo rhoqo lwangaphakathi nokulungelelanisa imisebenzi organic. Kuba NA sizibona uphawu zizinto ezivela ngaphandle kwehlabathi nokuphuhlisa iimpendulo kubo. Inkqubo yonyango inoxanduva lokulawula umzimba, ukuze kubuyekezelwe utshintsho weza evela ngaphandle.

Common kuzo zombini inkqubo kukusetyenziswa arhente imichiza ukuze udlulise ulwazi. Ukufuna zombane iiseli luvo ngenxa kudlula neurotransmitters okanye imiqondiso eziphilayo, kwaye inkqubo yonyango isebenzisa iihomoni secreted yi yentsimbi zemveli kunye zithe zadala.

Ezi nkqubo kwahluka phakathi kwabo yaye izinga reaction, i-NA Lize ngokukhawuleza, kodwa yonyango - ngokucothayo.

Tandem Iinkqubo Wayesoyika yonyango

Ukuba nesifundo kunye nokwahlukana ezi nkqubo kunokwenzeka, kuba ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo umzimba womntu kufuna yamxhel'omnye kwaye siququzelelwa umsebenzi wabo. Enyanisweni, lo yonyango kunye neenkqubo luvo ziyahambisana ngemvisiswano isebenze, ezo xa zidibene rhoqo kunye nabanye.

Ngethuba lokwenza uphando kwafunyaniswa ukuba ummiselo eekhemikhali umsebenzi kumzimba kwenzeka ngasekuqaleni kakhulu luvo. Kodwa inxaxheba ekudalweni nasekusungulweni kwale nkqubo luvo abunjwe ephezulu ukuphendula yonyango, yaye waba ngowokuqala ukuba uphendule le ngcinezelo, bazidlulisele amaza zombane iiseli, nto leyo njengempendulo ukukhuthazwa ukukhululwa izinto esebenzayo ezifana ezifana hormone. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, yayakhiwe umfuziselo luvo njani ilawula inkqubo yonyango. Uphando lwakutshanje lubonisa ukuba kukho umahluko ocacileyo phakathi yonyango kunye ummiselo luvo engenakwenzeka. Oku kungenxa yokuba, umzekelo, umntu iiseli zemithambo-luvo zifumaneka kwezinye iindawo ingqondo, ukuvelisa athumela iihomoni yegazi ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwenkqubo yonyango, ngokunjalo umsebenzi kwabanye. Ngoko ke, namhlanje, ilungelo lokuthetha inkqubo enye neuroendocrine yabantu, elawula kwaye ulawula zonke iinkqubo emzimbeni.