I Pope 3rd Innocent: engobomi, inkunzi legend

Kwihlabathi , uPopu Innocent 3 sasisaziwa ngokuba Lothario de Segni. Wazalwa kufutshane nedolophu Anagni. Umhla ochanileyo wokuzalwa awaziwa abangooBhishophu. Oku mhlawumbi 1160 okanye 1161. Uyise Trazimono wazala itayitile Count, kunye nomama wakhe patrician laseRoma sodidi. Lothario nokuyinto yi nazimbophelelo nomini nabanye oopopu ezimbini. Clement III nomalume wakhe, yaye Gregory IX weza umtshana wakhe.

ulutsha

Intloko elizayo yamaKatolika iCawa Innocent 3 ndisemncinane wayebalasele yi bakrelekrele ngendlela ebalaseleyo. Wafunda umthetho e Bologna yenkolo e Paris. Konyaka emva kokubulawa uThomas Becket Lothario baya oluya Canterbury.

Ngowe-1190 Italian nyaka-30 ubudala iye yaba iimpawu. Celestine III, kodwa, igcinwe kude bume yakhe. Ngoko ke, nako Cardinal wathabatha umsebenzi wokubhala. wakhe othi "Ngomhla ukujongelwa ehlabathini, okanye malunga amaqashiso akabalulekanga yabantu," wathengisa inani ezibalulekileyo. Lothario wakuthanda amalungu lalikhathazwe. Ngowe-1198, emva kokufa Celestine bamonyula kuye Pope entsha, ukuthatha igama Innocent III.

AbangooBhishophu kunye uBukhosi

Ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala kwindawo entsha ngokwakhe njengoko luck kakhulu Innocent. Sele ixesha elide kwakuphethe ingxabano ngamandla ombuso oyiNgcwele bonke uBukhosi baseRoma. Ngowe-1197 lo mlawuli uHenry VI wafa, kwaye urhulumente wakhe zibandakanyeke ngaphakathi Ghibelline kunye Guelph. Germany bonke ngalo imfazwe yamakhaya. Konke oku bayiqinisa kuphela izithuba yile Innocent 3. biography of ubomi bakhe kuye ezinxulumene ezahlukeneyo kumazwe aseYurophu leyo wayetyelele ngenxa yokufunda lundwendwe. Ke kaloku, njengokuba nentloko yamaKatolika Innocent awabonana ngookumkani zonke ezi amazwe.

Ukushwabana gunya wavumela Pope ukuba aphinde olawula States Kwenziwa, ukwandisa imida yayo kuLwandle lweAdriatic emva ngokujoyina Matshi ka Ancona, kunye Spoleto. Xa Celestine City Sikho wahlaselwa udlame ngenxa iingxabano amaqela ahlukile. Innocent ngokwakhe lukamama patrician kunye nonxibelelwano nomndeni usebenzisa, wakwazi axolelanise ukwazi. Political impumelelo intloko Catholic Church in Italy zaye isithsaba kunye yokuba waba ibamba ubukumkani yeSisili, ibekwe ngasezantsi lizwe. Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, ibamba lakhe Constance wacela abangooBhishophu ukuba abe ngumgcini unyana wakhe usana Frederick de ekuqaleni yobudala bakhe. 3 Innocent yavuma.

yesine

Akukho unethamsanqa Wagqitywa ke Pope ekulweni-Muslims. Emva ngamalungu alo Innocent 3 wazama ukuba baphinde babe iYerusalem ukusuka amaRoma yaye ngenxa yoku kuye wamsikelela yesine Iphulo. Ngowe-1198 wawiswa na, ngokwendlela le nhlangano kweli phulo emkhosini imvelaphi inyuselwa irhafu eyi-2.5% ye ngongeniselo ibandla. Imali eqokelelwe iminyaka eliqela, kodwa ke zange ngokwaneleyo. Phantsi isicwangciso, yenko- kwafuneka ukuwela uLwandle lweMeditera iinqanawa yelo xesha. Noko ke, akuba wafika kwiriphabliki ekurhwebeni, abathetheli kartel abazange bakwazi ukuhlawula imali efunekayo kubo (84 amawaka amanqaku zesilivere).

Enterprising Doge yaseVenice, uEnrico Dandolo owoyiswayo Crusaders ukuba amncede wasithimba isixeko behlelo Hungary Zara kunxweme iAdriatic. Kutshintshiselwano inkxaso oziphethe abaneminyaka wathembisa ukuba kusekho ithwalwe ngazo umkhosi ufuna ukuya ePalestina. Ngenxa yoko, Zara yathinjwa, baphanga. Ukuwa kwesixeko intliziyo Christian iYurophu kunye iphanga abulale zamajoni.

Ukufunda ngale siganeko, uPopu Innocent 3 wavutha ngumsindo. Yena ecaweni bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kweli ziko. Noko ke, oko wangenelela kwezopolitiko. phantsi Universal kwakuthetha iphulo lokugqibela ndingungantweni, nto leyo nangoku basindiswe. Ukongeza, upopu akayi ukubambana izinduna kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Emva kokucingisisa zonke iingenelo neengozi, lo abangooBhishophu irhoxisiwe phantsi, nentshabhiso kusale kuphela lwabasunguli uhlaselo Zara, Venetians.

Kokuwa kweConstantinople

Noko ke, le imbi, ndisenani ukuza. Yenko- esekwe ngokudibana umlawuli yaseByzantium wahliswa Alexios, becela ukuba amncede aphinde itrone yakhe. Kutshintshiselwano, ezikhulu wathembisa ukuxhasa amaKatolika empini yawo nxamnye amaSilamsi ukusekelwa kunye nemali. Wavuma Kwakhona ukubheka kwanakumGrike Church of the West. umnikelo kulinga wajika izicwangciso enkolo kunye Venetians. Ngowe-1204, babathimba, baphanga yayisesinye sezixeko ezinkulu kumaXesha Aphakathi, eConstantinople. Ngomhla emanxuweni yaseByzantium Empire Catholic Latin, amandla ebeyinalo Franks yasekwa.

Pope Innocent 3 ndizama ukumisa izinduna, wathumela eConstantinople. Yenza njalo, akazange aphumelele. Ngaphezu koko, akukho umbutho lwamabandla akuzange kwenzeke. Ukwahlulwa phakathi amaKatolika Orthodox wenze ngokubanzi nje. Kodwa Innocent 3, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane apho i umzekelo abangooBhishophu nokusukelana zingayeki yokukreqa engeyiyo kwaye ukumthemba ukusebenza Crusaders motion.

Le ukulwa uba-

Emva ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XI kwakukho ihlelo yamaKristu ze- (kwinzululwazi Namhlanje babebizwa Cathars) kwiphondo French of Languedoc. Ndingaveleli amiswa zeCawa, imifanekiso engcwele kunye abangcwele ngokwabo. Uninzi Cathars buzinze emazantsi-ntshona e-France. Bencediswa ngabanye imiyalelo ibandla ababengaxolanga ye nabaveleli kunye basebukhosini abazizityebi yasekuhlaleni.

Ekubeni wanyukela etroneni kapopu, iseti Innocent malunga ekususeni ngabawexuki. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba isiqalo, wathumela abaxazululi ukuba nabawexuki, kubo apho St. Dominic kunye Abbot slave umthetho. Ngowe-1209 Kwiinzame isisombululo ozakuzo akuphumelelanga, kwaye abangooBhishophu isaziso ukuphehlelelwa yenkolo entsha, eyathatha ekugqibeleni nje iminyaka emashumi mabini.

Legend of the Franciscans

Ngowe-1209 yaqala kuphela yenkolo nxamnye ze-, kodwa ke mendicant yokuqala enkulu wadalwa ngayo Franciscans. Imbali livela yaba sisiseko ntsomi ethandwayo ephakathi. Umshumayeli Frantsisk Assizsky bazisa eRoma abalandeli bakhe, ezinqwenela ukufumana ukusuka Pope ukuba imvume ukwenza umyalelo omtsha zonqulo. Le ndoda zange abe naziphi na unxibelelwano phakathi kwizikhundla eziphezulu zeCawa. Noko ke, ukuthandwa phakathi charisma amahlwempu eyakhe yamnceda ukweyisela oobhishophu yamaKatolika ukuba alungiselele intlanganiso lomqhubi abangooBhishophu.

Ngokutsho legend Innocent 3 Franciscans esekwe kuphela emva kokuba waba nephupha apho St. Francis ngezandla zakhe i waseLateran Basilica. Ngaphambi koko, iimviwo liyayisayina ibitheni eNtshumayeli engaziwayo abhadulayo ngubani eItali ngelo xesha kwakukho ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. akazange Abaninzi kubo yahluka izidenge ehambisana nocalucalulo ngokobuhlelo benkonzo.

Francis akazange ndingenjengabanye abantu abathi banguKrestu bengenguye abashumayela angqongqo, ukuthanda ummelwane kunye nomnqweno ekusweleni. abalandeli bakhe babizwa ngokuba 'ngabazalwana ezincinane ". 3 Innocent wamisa umyalelo Franciscan kuphela emva amathandabuzo bakhe kwaphela yi iphupha eyimfihlakalo. Noko ke, ukuba lo umqondiso lwalunjani, yajika lesiprofeto. Order ngokukhawuleza yaba ethandwa kakhulu. Ukusebenzisa ukusekelwa yamaKatolika iCawa, waqhubeka liye landa ubulungu balo. kweminyaka elishumi Kuphela emva kokuba kwakusele abantu 3000, ngelo xesha lo ungumzekeliso ozise omkhulu.

Dominican kunye Order leTeutonic

Isiqhelo ukuvela nokwandiswa odolo ezintsha yamaKatolika xa Franciscans Innocent bodwa kuphela. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lakhe Toulouse kwakukho uluntu St. Dominic. Yaba isiseko omnye umyalelo. akazange omsulwa ixesha kusikelela indalo yakhe ngenxa yokufa kwakhe ngequbuliso. Endaweni yoko, i-1216 wenza ezihlangwini Honorius III. Dominican Umyalelo waba zemfundo - neemonki zakhe Sizibandakanye kwizifundo ubufundisi yoonongendi nezixeko kwiyunivesithi kulo lonke elaseYurophu.

Ngowe-1199 Innocent wakhupha yenkomo, nto leyo wanika ukuzimela kwenye abavikeli uluntu zabanquli ePalestina. Oko kwakukho kwasekuqalekeni yoMyalelo leTeutonic, kamva wafudukela kwiBaltic, apho amaqhawe bakhe walwa ndawonye neentlanga Russian of an ubulawuli elizimeleyo. Umbutho owayamileyo kuphela eyintloko yebandla, kodwa amandla asebukhosini.

LeTeutonic esinguMyalelo weNkundla kunye uPopu Innocent 3 kusebenzisana iminyaka emininzi. AbangooBhishophu axhasa Valpotu Henry - iNkosi yokuqala Grand ekuhlaleni. Ngowe-1215 Innocent waqalisa yenkolo nxamnye Prussians. Driving amandla phulo yile uMyalelo leTeutonic. Umgaqo-mpuma Innocent ayiphelelanga kumlo ochasene abahedeni. Emva ngo-1204, yena ecetywayo Volyn prince yamaRoma Mstislavovich ukwamukela ubuKatolika kwaye wafumana isihloko uKumkani Compostela. Ezi thethwano neziphumo nto, kuba Rurik akazange afune ukutshintsha ukholo lwabo.

Bull Venerabilem

Kubalulekile ukuba era yayo kweqiwa yokuxhaphaza Innokentiya 3 ngokwezozakuzo wachaza ababephila yobume ye Bona oyiNgcwele kwimiba engundoqo yonqulo kunye nezopolitiko. Eyona idumileyo olo xwebhu ukuba abangooBhishophu waba Venerabilem, eyapapashwa ngo-1202. Bull iqulethe Izicatshulwa apho intloko ibandla ithisisi wachaza isimo sakhe sengqondo kombuso.

In Venerabilem Innocent yaqinisekisa ilungelo wabathetheli German inyule ukumkani. In the Holy uBukhosi baseRoma, nguye lowo waba ngumlawuli. Ngelo xesha efanayo umthambise, sithsaba kwakhe ubungeke utata kuphela. Ukuba ingqalelo anibufanele angangumvotelwa kwisihloko mlawuli, Abathetheli ngenjongo yokunyula omnye umntu. Innocent wamchazela ilungelo lakhe ukuba iCawa ibisoloko kwakufuneka umxhasi wempangelo nomkhuseli. Kwimeko yokusilela abathetheli yokunyula abangooBhishophu ufanele reserved ilungelo lokumisela umlawuli omtsha ezibalulekileyo. Kungekudala kwakufuneka usebenzise la magunya.

castling ababusi

Bull Venerabilem waba kwinqanaba elilandelayo kumzabalazo kwamandla wempangelo neecawa eNtshona Yurophu. Innocent wafuna ukumisa impembelelo okukhulayo nabalawuli, kuquka ukunamathela nezinto zabo ubukumkani eSisili. Emva koko bathi itrone oselula Frederick II, kodwa akaba nako ukuthatha itrone njengomntwana. Ngelo xesha, isiqingatha iinkosana baseJamani wayefuna ukuba abe ngumlawuli uPhilip Swabia, kwaye esinye isiqingatha inkxaso Ottona Braunshveygskogo. Ngomhla candidacy ngabaya wayeka wamthambisa Innocent 3. Pope ukumkani Otto ngo-1209.

Noko ke, akuba ebuyile, ebamkele amandla, umlawuli omtsha wala ukuba ukuthobela ezopolotiko Pope yakhe. Waqalisa ukubuyisela impembelelo yayo kombuso esalelweyo kuye eItali naseSisili. Ke Innocent ecaweni Otto ecaweni. Ngowe-1212, upopu wathembisa isidima komlawuli omdala-Frederick (owaba koMlawuli kwiminyaka esibhozo, emva kokufa umxhasi kwakhe onelungelo).

Otto kuyalahleka impembelelo yakhe monarchical emva ngo-1214 woyiswa kwi Idabi Bouvines, xa woyisa uKumkani French filipp Ii Avgust. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, wayeka kwisihloko umbusi. Baphulukene inkxaso Electors, wafa ke abangooBhishophu Otto IV ngenxa segazi wambetha ngo-1218. Kuyo yonke le wezepolitiki owatshabalalisa iYurophu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIII, kukho luphawu ecacileyo uPopu Innocent 3. Ngexesha Institute wakhe kwakuphethe zafikelela kwincopho kwifuthe lazo ngookumkani yehlabathi ye-World Old.

Ungqubano John bengenamhlaba

Enzima ngeli xesha ubudlelwane oNgcwele Bona kunye eNgilani. Ngowe-1207, Innocent amisiweyo Stefana Lengtona uBhishophu entsha Canterbury. IsiNgesi Korol Ioann England zange ayamkele le phaphethi ka eRoma. Kuba intloko zehlabathi siye zamiselwa kweli lizwe isithintelo, engavumi ukubamba iinkonzo zonqulo kuwo. Ukuphendula, uYohane wachaza yonke impahla ibandla eNgilani, ngaloo ndlela ndizuze imali elingu-100 lamawaka eekhilogram ubunzima. Kwakubonakala ukuba ungquzulwano kunye omoya waya inzuzo kuphela.

Njengoko ilejendi Innocent 3, ngokutsho amaphupha wayegqibe lokuvuma isiseko uMyalelo Franciscan, kodwa kwezopolitiko upopu yokwenene wawuqondiswa kwizigqibo zabo izizathu ezininzi injongo ngakumbi. Ukubona ebungqoleni kumkani IsiNgesi, i Pope wamsika. Bishops British waya ngokuzithandela ekuthinjweni.

Impixano yathatha iminyaka eliqela. Ekugqibeleni, ngo-1213 walwa nayo kunye neenkosi zabo feudal uYohane wavuma Innocent. Emva koko, uTata waqalisa kukhusela kukumkani. Wabalela Yibone French Philip II Augustus of England ukuze zenze imfazwe phezu amabango ku eNormandy. Ngaphezu koko, Pope Innocent 3, ogama engobomi edityaniswa kusiyiwa endala Canterbury, iCawa ecaweni ukuba zizigwili awayezama kukuhlutha urhulumente utyikitye i "Magna Carta" Ioanna Bezzemelnogo.

Wesine nokufa

Luvuthondaba le pontificate of Innocent III yeSine waseLateran Council. It wavula ngoNovemba 1215. Ngelo elilwela isiganeko kwafika abakhulu 400 kunye ubuveleli, kwakunye abaliqela loosolusapho laseMpuma Churches. Ngelo xesha nabangekhoyo elinegunya Greek. Nasemva kweminyaka elishumi elinanye ivuso iphanga eConstantinople luloyiko amaByzantine nakweyiphi intsebenziswano namaKatolika.

Le ndlu yecawa iye yapapashwa izimiso ngaphezu asixhenxe yokujongana nemiba eyahlukeneyo enxulumene nobomi yonqulo. Ngokomzekelo, wabalela amaKristu ukuba abe neentlobano zorhwebo kunye namaYuda. Ukungcungcuthekiswa amaYuda kwakuyinto kwexesha, kwaye omsulwa neqembu yakhe babuyiselwa abantu phezulu ngexesha labo.

Pope washiya ngasemva kuphela isigqibo waseLateran Cathedral kunye Bull, kodwa amawaka oonobumba. Abaninzi kubo nikela kwimiba yomthetho: njengoko yaziwa, loo abangooBhishophu kwakukho igqwetha obalaseleyo ephakathi. Ingqokelela yokuqala imbalelwano bakhe baqhawula mayifakwe kwi-University of Bologna.

3 photo imifanekiso abamsulwa aphakathi ezibonisa ukuba yayisathe umfana, wafa July 16, 1216 e Perugia eneminyaka engama-55. Unobangela wokufa Ekuqaleni abangooBhishophu waqala seengcongconi. Innocent kwimvumelwano sisifo esibulalayo endleleni eya kumantla eItali, apho waya emva kokuba iBhunga waseLateran zokusonjululwa kweembambano eziphakathi Pisa ne Genoa. Pope wayenethemba ukunceda kwezizwana ezimbini kwintlangano entsha ye-Fifth Iphulo. Yena wangcwatyelwa Perugia. iqhubeka Innocent zadluliselwa eRoma ngowe-1891.