Nickel - yintoni na le nto? iimpawu nickel

Kwaba 1751. Xa zezenzululwazi encinane Swedish ngenxa Axel Frederick Krondstedtu wabonakala element kule nombolo 17. Ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka eli-12 kuphela eyaziwa isinyithi, kunye isalfure, phosphorus, iarseniki kunye carbon. Bathabatha kuye igama lenkampani yakhe entsha - nickel.

A incinane

Iminyaka emininzi phambi kwesi ukufunyanwa ngokungummangaliso mgodini ukusuka Saxony babezazi esikrwada, nenokuthi ngokuphosakeleyo ore zezobhedu. Imizamo ukususa ubhedu kule eziphathekayo aziphumelelanga. Bevakalelwa ukuba baqhathiwe, nsimbi waqalisa ukuba kuthiwe "kupfernikel" (in Russian - "Copper uMtyholi").

Le nsimbi iingcaphephe abanomdla minerals Krondstedt. Emva kokuba kwiinkathazo ezininzi ukufumana metal entsha, leyo kuthiwa nickel. Baton Uphando abamba Bergman. Yena ngakumbi nyulu metal bafika kwisigqibo sokuba lwesi sakhi kufana yentsimbi.

Iipropati Physical nickel

Nickel iqukiwe iqela yeshumi lweziqalelo kwaye agcinwe kwixesha yesine, phantsi inani atom ye etafileni ngamaxesha athile xa itheyibhile 28. Ukuba emke uphawu Ni, kuba nickel. It has a lubhelu qho yesilivere. Nokuba sele umoya metal singabi ezimhlophe. Nzima kunye ezinzima. Ukuba akunjalo iziphumo bakhiwa, ngoko ungenza iimveliso entle kakhulu. Ngokugqibeleleyo egudisiweyo. Nickel unako ukuzoba kunye umazibuthe wakhe. Nokuba kubushushu degrees 340 kunye lokucutha iimpawu ezibonakalayo kazibuthe nickel. Nickel - a sisinyithi engawevayo umhlwa. Ubonisa reactivity buthathaka. Yintoni enokuthethwa iimpawu eekhemikhali nickel?

iipropati chemical

Yintoni efunekayo ukuze amisele ukwakhiwa esemgangathweni ye-nickel? Kungabikho transfer-athom (oko kukuthi inani lazo) iqulathe metal yethu. Ubunzima izinyo (ekwabizwa ngokuba atomic weight) lilingana 58.6934 (g / Mol). Kunye zobukhulu inkqubela phambili. Embindini yethu atom metal 124 emva kwemini. Xa yokulinganisa embindini ion, isiphumo wabonisa (+ 2e) 69 NM kunye 115 Inombolo NM - ke radius covalent. Ngomhla kwisikali crystallographer odumileyo nabakhulu yemichiza Pauling electronegativity ilingana 1,91, kwaye isakhono e - 0.25 V.

umoya isenzo kunye namanzi nickel phantse okungenamsebenzi. Kunjalo wathi kwealkali. Kutheni olu iphendula kunjalo? kumphezulu wayo wadala Junio. Olu daka i ifilimu akukho oxidize. Ukuba nickel ukufudumeza amaqondo ukuba aphezulu kakhulu, ngoko iqala ukubonisa yokusabela mpilo, kwaye ubuye enze halogens, kunye nabanye.

Ukuba nickel ingena-nitric acid, basabela ayisayi kuthatha ixesha elide. Kwakhona lula zingasebenzi isisombululo kunye ammonia.

Kodwa asingabo bonke esiti enza nickel. Ezifana asidi ezifana asidi zehydrochloric kwaye sulphuric, unyityilikiswa kancinane kakhulu, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo. Imizamo ukuba benze okufanayo kunye phosphoric acid ukuya nickel kwi akubanga jikelele ngempumelelo.

Nickel endalweni

izazinzulu ukuqashisela wagqiba ukuba undoqo iplanethi yethu - yinto intsila, oluqulathe 90% ngentsimbi nickel ngamaxesha 10 ngaphantsi. Kukho phambi ayibe - 0.6%. Ngexesha ukujikeleza kwi ukutyabeka kukhethiwe emhlabeni umaleko-athom nickel. Kwakhona aba wabaseki emanzini yobhedu-nickel esikrwada, ngobhedu yingwevu. Ezinye atom nickel zixokozela zange ayeke apho kwaye avule indlela eya phambili. Phezu wafuna kwi nkampani kunye chromium, nemagnesium, intsimbi atom ezo. Ngaphezu koko, amaqabane ethu wentsimbi oxidized kwaye unclipped.

Phezu komhlaba kwenzeka kunye namatye ultrabasic acid. Ukuqwalasela izazinzulu, isiqulatho nickel ematyeni emuncu liba kakhulu kwi ultramafic. Ngoko ke, umhlaba kunye nezityalo kukho ahlanganiswe kakuhle nickel. Kodwa uhambo uTshawe phantsi kwengxoxo kwi onokuphila, yaye amanzi akazange lubonakale.

nickel ore

ores Industrial and nickel zahlulwe iindidi ezimbini.

1. Emanzini copper-nickel. Minerals: magnesium, pyrrhotite, Kuban, Miler, petlandit, sperrylite - lo nto iqulethwe kwezi ores. Enkosi magma umbumbi wabo. Ukusuka emanzini ores nako kuba palladium, igolide kunye nangaphezulu.
2. nickel ore Silicate. Ba evakalala, efana nodongwe. Ore hlobo zezi ferruginous, siliceous, magnesia.

Apho kuyimfuneko Umzimveliso

Nickel isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino olomeleleyo ezifana nesinyithi. Oko kukuthi, ekwenziweni ezahlukahlukeneyo aluminium. Ikakhulu kwi ingxubevange iquka intsimbi, nickel kunye ayibe. Kukho aluminiyamu ezininzi, ezo zisekelwe login nickel. Idibanisa intsila yethu etyhidiweyo, ezifana titanium, chromium, molybdenum. Nickel ikwasetyenziselwa ukukhusela iimveliso ngokukhawuleza bunokusenza. Le nickel imveliso, oko kukuthi, ukudala ukutyabeka nickel okhethekileyo enqanda umhlwa ukwenza ishishini zabo ezingcolileyo.

Nickel - kuvala elungileyo kakhulu. Ngoko ke, lisetyenziswa kwishishini kwemichiza le. Le izixhobo, izinto zokubhala, machines kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuze ufumane amachiza, ukutya, iziseko delivery, ukugcinwa neeoli ezixabisekileyo kusetyenziswa iitanki kunye namatanki ezenziwe ngezinto nickel. Ngaphandle olu akakwazi ukwenza kubugcisa atom, umabonwakude, ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo izixhobo, uluhlu leyo inde kakhulu.

Ukuba ukhangela kule nkalo, njengokuba sixhobo, kwalandela entsimini ngezobunjineli, siyabona ukuba anodes kunye cathodes - a nickel sheets. Kwaye oku hayi kuluhlu lonke ukusetyenziswa intsimbi yo hlamarisa. Musa phantsi ixabiso nickel kunye namayeza.

Nickel imithi

Nickel isetyenziswa imithi ebanzi kakhulu. Okokuqala, makhe izixhobo ezifunekayo ukuze msebenzi. Isiphumo yokusebenza kuxhomekeke nje kuphela ugqirha, kodwa kumgangatho esixhobo, lowo usebenza. Instruments ngokuxhomekeke nzala ezininzi, yaye ukuba zenziwe ukusuka intsila oko akubandakanyi nickel, lo umhlwa Kungekudala ukuba alinde. Kwaye ke izixhobo ezenziwe ngentsimbi, equlethe nickel, ubomi elide.

Ukuba sithethe malunga nokufakelwa ukubenza iyadada aluminiyamu nickel. steel nickel na amandla aphezulu. Devices for ukulungisa amathambo, amazinyo emboleko, izikrufu - zonke ezenziwe kule ngentsimbi. Xa bamazinyo, ufaka, kakhulu, wathabatha izikhundla zabo. Amahaki, steel stainless braces orthodontists ukuyisebenzisa.

WeNikheli e eziphilayo

Ukuba ujonga ihlabathi ukusuka ezantsi-up, umfanekiso na oku. Phantsi ezinyaweni umhlaba wethu. Umxholo nickel kulo ngaphezu kwizityalo. Kodwa xa siqwalasela utyani phantsi bemilo leyo sikhathazekile, isiqulatho aphezulu nickel ukho imidumba. A nickel Ipesenti ukunyuka izilimo.

ngokufutshane Cinga umxholo nickel avareji izityalo, zaselwandle kunye nezilwanyana ezisentlabathini. Kwaye ke, xa umntu. Isikali kwi ekhulwini weight. Ngenxa yoko, ubunzima nickel yezityalo-5 * 10 ^-5. nezilwanyana 1 * 10 ^-6, izilwanyana zasemanzini 1.6 * 10 ^-4. Kunye nesiqulatho nickel Human 1-2 * 10 ^-6.

Indima nickel emzimbeni womntu

umntu Healthy kwaye intle ufuna ukwenza njalo. Nickel - yenye kwezimbiwa zibalulekileyo emzimbeni womntu. Nickel ngokuqhelekileyo oluhlala emiphungeni, nezintso nomhlehlo wesibindi. nickel sokuzuza abantu ifumaneka iinwele ndlala nepancreas. Kwaye loo nto bonke. Yintoni na metal emzimbeni? Emva koko ke ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba yena Sweden, nomvuni, kunye igrets mfowethu. ezizezi:

• hayi ngaphandle impumelelo, ezama ukunceda ukubonelela iiseli mpilo;
• umsebenzi igcwala-ukwehliswa ancedisana nawo kuwa phezu emagxeni nickel;
• uyakhawuleza ukuthatha inxaxheba elawula amanqanaba hormone yomzimba;
• ngokukhuselekileyo yiluciferase vitamin C;
• Isenokuba liphathwe nokuzibandakanya kwayo nethe amafutha;
• Nickel nempembelelo entle igazi.

Ndingathanda ukuqaphela ukubaluleka omkhulu nickel kwiseli. Le microelement likhusela inwebu yeseli nangenucleic acids, oko kukuthi yabo.

Nangona uluhlu imisebenzi efanele nickel na yaqhubeka. Ukusuka apha ngasentla, siphawula ukuba umzimba nickel kufuneka. Le yezimbiwa umkhondo emzimbeni wethu uvela ukutya. Ngokuqhelekileyo nickel kwi ngokwaneleyo emzimbeni, kuba kufuneka ibe kakhulu kancinane. namankenteza yokuswela yethu ngentsimbi alam - kuyinto ukuvela dermatitis. Nantsi ixabiso nickel ebantwini.

Aluminiyamu nickel

Kukho aluminiyamu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo nickel. Nanga amaqela amathathu aphambili.

Iqela lokuqala luquka aluminium nickel nangobhedu. Zibizwa aluminiyamu nickel-zezobhedu. Ziziphi ibonwe abayi edidekile, ezi zinto zimbini, imiphumo iba mihle kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - akukho izimanga. Ingxubevange eyohlobo liqinisekisiwe. Ukuba kukho lubhedu langoku ngaphezu nickel, lubonakaliswa ngaphezulu ngamandla iimpawu zobhedu, kwaye ukuba nickel nakolu, nickel ingxubevange nemiboniso umlinganiswa.

aluminiyamu nickel-yobhedu ezithandwa kwimveliso iinkozo, iinxalenye umatshini. Yenza ingxubevange Constantine, apho phantse-60% sobhedu, kunye nickel lomncono, isetyenziswa ukwenza isixhobo okuchaneka ngaphezulu.

Cinga ingxubevange ne-nickel kunye chromium. Nichrome. Ukumelana umhlwa, acid, ubushushu ezingatshiyo. aluminiyamu ezinjalo esetyenziselwa injini jet, iziphenduli zenyukliya, kodwa kuphela xa ewusondeza 80% nickel.

Sichubeka kwiqela lesithathu aluminium. It aluminiyamu nge yentsimbi. Yahlula zibe iintlobo-4.

1. Ubushushu-resistant - ukumelana kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Le ingxubevange phantse-50% iquka nickel. Kusenokubakho indibanisela molybdenum, titanium, aluminiyam.
2. Magnetic - permeability banda, ngokufuthi zisetyenziswa kubunjineli yombane.
3. Anticorrosion - ngaphandle intsila akakwazi ukwenza ekuveliseni izixhobo zeekhemikhali, kwakunye xa esebenza kwiindawo ezinobutshaba. Ingxubevange ibandakanya molybdenum.
4. Yenza ingxubevange egcina ubukhulu kunye nokuqina. A thermocouple ezikweni. Kulapha ukuba kukho ingxubevange enjalo. Xa itshiswe ngeqondo dimensions nobukhulu olugciniweyo kwaye luthambe ilahlekile. nickel njengoko kuyimfuneko ingxubevange wayekunye propati? Metal kwi ingxubevange kufuneka ibe malunga nama-40%.

WeNikheli e ekhaya

Ukuba ujonga macala, ungabona ukuba aluminiyamu nickel zingqonge umntu naphi na. Masiqalise nempahla. Yenza ingxubevange ukhusela isiseko impahla evela umonakalo, iziphumo eziyingozi. Nikelani ingqalelo ezimotweni. Nangona kwi window, nkqu nempahla. Ingasetyenziswa ixesha elide kwaye ibonakala nice kakhulu. Siyaqhubeka uhambo lwethu ukuya kwigumbi lokuhlambela. Apha, indlela nickel-free. IiNtloko ishawa, vana, Umxhubi - yonke into nickel ngumfanekiswana. Oku kwenza kube lula ukulibala ukuba umhlwa ezinjalo. Ingaba na kudana ukujonga kwimveliso, ngenxa yokuba kukhangeleka nice kwaye ugcina lokubhalela. Iinkcukacha kunye nickel ngumfanekiswana efumaneka kwizakhiwo zokuhombisa.

Nickel ayikwazi kubizwa ngokuba iintsimbi ezincinane. Nezinye izimbiwa kunye ores liyi nickel. Ndiyavuya ukuba into enjalo ekhoyo kwiplanethi yethu, nkqu emzimbeni womntu. Apha idlala violin kwiinkqubo hematopoietic, nkqu DNA. Zazisetyenziswa kwimizobo. nickel layo igunya kuzuzwa ngokuthi nokumelana yemichiza xa enamathela ukhuselo.

Nickel - metal ukuba unalo nekamva eliqaqambileyo. Eneneni, kwezinye iindawo oko ufunwayo.