Boilers umphunga: umgaqo ukusebenza kunye nesixhobo

Umphunga kwibhoyila sisixhobo lokuguqula amanzi ngomphunga esetyenziswa ekhaya kushishino. Umphunga isetyenziselwa ukufudumeza isakhiwo, izithuthi kunye nemibhobho, kwakunye batshintshana turbomachinery. Makhe sibone ngakumbi oko okuthathwa boilers umphunga. Umgaqo ukusebenza, ulwahlulohlulo isixhobo, ububanzi nokuninzi - konke oku kuya kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

definition

Njengoko usazi, iyunithi kwibhoyila ngomphunga evelisa umphunga. Ngaloo boilers yale hlobo unako ukuvelisa iipere kweentlobo ezimbini: isinyibiliko utshisayo. Kwimeko yokuqala, ubushushu imalunga 100 degrees, yaye ingcinezelo - malunga 100 kPa. Esibaselwe lobushushu ngomphunga lisingisa degrees 500 kwaye uxinzelelo - ukuya ku-26 MPA. umphunga ifumile asetyenziselwa iinjongo zasendlwini, ikakhulu ngenxa ubilisa izindlu zangasese. umphunga esibaselwe ifumene isicelo kwishishini namandla. Uyawanyamezela ubushushu, ngoko ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwalo matshini.

scope

Kukho iinkalo ezintathu ezingundoqo zokusetyenziswa boilers umphunga:

1. iinkqubo ukufudumeza. Le umphunga lisebenza njengomthombo wamandla.
2. Energy. iinjini umphunga Industrial, okanye njengoko zibizwa umbane ngomphunga zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amandla ombane.
3. Industry. Le umphunga kweli shishini zisetyenziswa kuphela ukufudumeza, "neehempe" bezixhobo kunye nemibhobho, kodwa sokujika lwamandla thermal ezimotweni koomatshini neshukumayo.

boilers umphunga Household ezisetyenziselwa ukufudumeza zasekhaya. Ngamagama alula, lo msebenzi wabo intshukumo umphunga itshiswa kwamanzi mome. Loo nkqubo badla kukuxhobisa kunye kwiziko izinzile okanye kwibhoyila. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izixhobo zombane ekhaya ukuvelisa akukho umphunga esibaselwe ifumile, oko kwanele ukwenza imisebenzi yabo.

Kushishino, lo umphunga yi esibaselwe - kuqhubeka ukuba shushu emva ngumphunga ngenjongo ukunyusa ngakumbi iqondo lobushushu. La maziko kufuneka iimfuno ezikhethekileyo umgangatho, ekubeni imingcipheko kwitanki ngomphunga ebilayo umlilo. Le umphunga esibaselwe ezifumaneka kwibhoyila, siye ngezizukulwana lombane okanye isindululo mechanical.

yangoku yombane ngomphunga abunjwe ngale ndlela ilandelayo. Engena, lo umphunga ungena injini apho kungenxa ukuhamba ashinyeneyo yokubolekisana kwizikhondo. Ngenxa yoko, amandla thermal iguqulelwa mechanical, wadla yena, naye, iguqulelwa kwi amandla ombane. Nantso indlela amandla samanzi.

Ukujikeleza shaft, olwenzeka ngayo komphunga izixa ezikhulu esibaselwe umphunga, ukuze idluliselwe ngqo ngeemoto ivili. Ngoko ke intshukumo izithuthi umphunga. Njengoko umzekelo ithandwayo umphunga injini kunokukhokelela kwibhoyila kaloliwe okanye zaselwandle. wokugqibela umsebenzi siseko ilula: omlilo amalahle ivelisa ubushushu leyo kumo amanzi kwaye yenza umphunga. Well ezibini, xa ke, yokubolekisana ivili, okanye kwimeko ngezikhonkwane nqanawa.

boilers umphunga: ukusebenza

Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha indlela yokuqhuba ezi boilers. Umthombo ubushushu kuyimfuneko ukuze ukufudumeza amanzi, inokuba yiyo nayiphi uhlobo lwamandla: zombane, ilanga, Ingquzu yeSanti, ubushushu ukusuka ukutshiswa gas okanye amafutha esiqinileyo. Umphunga eyenziwe ngexesha ukufudumeza amanzi a transfer fluid ubushushu, ngamanye ukhutshelo amandla thermal ukusuka isithuba zokufudumeza endaweni ukusetyenziswa.

Nakuba iintlobo ngeentlobo uyilo, isixhobo inqununu kunye siseko ukusebenza boilers umphunga musa kwahluka. Iyonke ukufudumeza amanzi yesekethe kunye ukuguquka kwayo okwalandela ibe ngomphunga lumi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Ukuhlanjululwa amanzi okucoca unikezelo kwalo itanki ubushushu yi kwimpompo. Itanki ngokubanzi ibekwe kwinxalenye engentla kwisixhobo.
2. Ukususela netanki amanzi ungena kwimibhobho kungena ngezilingo, ibekwe ngokulandelelanayo ngezantsi.
3. Amanzi liphuma kwakhona, hayi eli xesha kuphela umbhobho ngokusebenzisa kummandla ubushushu.
4. Kwindawo ubushushu lisekwa ngababini. Phantsi yesenzo umahluko ingcinezelo phakathi ulwelo kunye into sukube, uya kuvuka phezulu.
5. Ngaphezu umphunga eshushu sele idlule umahluli, apho ekugqibeleni ingohlulwa emanzini. Iintsalela fluid babuyela dama, kwaye umphunga kufuneka ihambelane nomphunga lo.
6. Ukuba oko akuyonto kwibhoyila eziqhelekileyo, yaye umvelisi umphunga, oko ngakumbi elibaselwe ngumoji imibhobho. On iindlela zabo ukufudumeza ezichazwe ngezantsi.

device

boilers umphunga amele itanki apho amanzi itshiswe ukwenza umphunga. Ngokubanzi kokuba kwenziwa ngohlobo kwemibhobho ezahlukeneyo ngobukhulu. Koko umbhobho ne kwibhoyila ngamanzi usoloko kwigumbi yokutsha (iziko). isakhiwo sayo inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kudidi izibaso ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ukuba umthi, okanye amalahle nzima, kuba emazantsi neziko nothango lwaso oomatshini apho amafutha ntshunxekile. Ukusuka ezantsi nothango lwaso, umoya ongena egumbini yokutsha. A phezulu iziko eliqeqesha ngetshimini, nto leyo efunekayo ukuze imoto olusebenzayo - ajikelezayo kwamafutha lomoya komlilo.

Umgaqo boilers umphunga zokubasa okuqinileyo yahlukile iingcinga apho njengesipholisi Zisebenziselwa izinto ulwelo okanye sukube. Kwimeko yesibini, zisiza ibandakanya kwigumbi yokutsha elisebenza ngathi zitofu izitovu zerhasi yekhaya. Kuba ejikelezayo komoya sebenzisa lwaso kunye ulwelo, ngokuba kungakhathaliseki uhlobo amafutha, umoya yokutsha yinto ebalulekileyo.

igesi ezinokutsha lungafumaneka yokutsha kwamafutha, liphuma ku netanki yamanzi. Yena unika amanzi ubushushu balo kunye zokuphuma ngalo itshimini emoyeni. Xa amanzi lashushu abilayo ubushushu, iqalisa ngumphunga. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba amanzi aphuma ngokomphushu ngaphambili, kodwa hayi loo mali yaye loo umphunga lobushushu. umphunga ngumphunga yedwa engena umbhobho. Ngenxa yoko, kuye kwasasazwa zomphunga ukutshintsha udibaniso kwiimo amanzi kwenzeka ngokwendalo. Umgaqo ekusebenzeni kwibhoyila umphunga we ezisasazwa yendalo kufuna yokungenelela kwabantu engephi. Konke kufuneka wenze umqhubi kukuqinisekisa amanzi ezinzileyo ashushu nokulawula inkqubo esebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo.

Kwimeko yamanzi zombane zokufudumeza kwibhoyila kulula. Itshiswe yi izinto ubushushu okanye izifudumezi ofuna izenzo njengesikhokelo kwaye elibaselwe ngumoji esiyijowule-Lenz.

ngezigaba

boilers umphunga, umgaqo apho siya kuqwalaselwa namhlanje, ukuba zihlelwe ngeendlela ezininzi.

Ngu uhlobo fuel:

1. Coal.
2. Gas.
3. oyile enzima.
4. Electrical.

Ngu baqeshwe:

1. Household.
2. Energy.
3. Industrial.
4. NoKwenziwa ngokutsha kwezinto ebesezisetyenzisiwe.

Ngabaqambi:

1. -Tube.
2. tube Water.

Yintoni umahluko igesi kunye ityhubhu amanzi boilers umphunga

Umgaqo ukusebenza isekelwe boilers ukufudumeza kunye netanki lamanzi. Igunya apho amanzi iya kunyuka karhulumente edla ityhubhu okanye neetyhubhu ezininzi. Izixhobo apho kumo umbhobho amafutha, ndibathuma ndivuka, le boilers ebizwa-ityhubhu.

Kodwa kukho nenye ukhetho - xa igesi yokutsha ehamba nelembande, ibekwe ngaphakathi netanki lamanzi. Kulo mzekelo, izikhongozeli amanzi ebizwa igubu kunye kwibhoyila ngokwawo - ityhubhu amanzi. Xa parlance efanayo ikwabizwa ngokuba umlilo-ityhubhu kwibhoyila. Kuxhomekeka indawo boilers kwemigqomo amanzi olu hlobo yahlulwe: ulundi, ngokuthe tye kunye ziqu. Kwakhona, kukho imifuziselo ukuba saphumeza izalathiso ezahlukeneyo kwimibhobho.

Sakhiwo ukusebenza umgaqo umlilo-ityhubhu kwibhoyila-ityhubhu yohlukile kancinci ukusuka. Okokuqala, kumayelana ubungakanani umbhobho kunye namanzi kunye umphunga. Emanzini-ityhubhu wesizalo ibhoyila ngaphantsi jikelele, ngaphezu-ityhubhu. Okwesibini, kukho umahluko kwindawo ngamandla. kwibhoyila -Tube inika uxinzelelo angekho ngaphezulu kwe-1 MPA kwaye nobushushu omlinganiselo ukuya ku 360 kW. Isizathu soku kumbhobho omkhulu. Oko kwasekwa kwimibhobho uxinzelelo umphunga ngokwaneleyo, neendonga zawo kufuneka babe zamafu. Ngenxa yoko - ixabiso boilers ezinjalo zabaxwa. Enamandla ngamanzi-ityhubhu kwibhoyila. Ngenxa kwimibhobho eludongeni obhityileyo, umphunga kumo ngcono. Okwesithathu, ityhubhu amanzi boilers ezikhuselekileyo. Iveza ubushushu kwaye woyike overload ebalulekileyo.

izinto ezongezelelweyo ze boilers

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo kwibhoyila yomphunga ilula, kodwa kuyilo yayo iquka iqela elikhulu izinto. Ngaphezu koko emagumbini omlilo kunye njengogwali ngenxa Ukubolekisa boilers zamanzi / umphunga baxhotyiswa izixhobo ukuphucula ukusebenza yabo (ukwandisa ubushushu umphunga, zaphembelela kunye nobungakanani). Ezi zixhobo ziquka:

1. Superheater. Usebenzela ukwandisa lobushushu yomphunga ngentla degrees 100. Nobushushu zomphunga kwandisa ukusebenza lesixhobo kunye nokusebenza kwayo. Esibaselwe umphunga besukelana amaqondo degrees 500 Celsius. amaqondo obushushu aphezulu okunjalo kwizityalo umphunga izikhululo zamandla enyukliya. Kakuhle eli superheat kukuba emva kokoma kwakungena kumbhobho ufakwa zomphunga reheated. Ukulungiselela le njongo, izixhobo ukuze mayixhotyiswe ukudubula supplementary okanye igiza elinye phambi ngababini imveliso ngokusetyenziswa ekujongwe, ucanda izihlandlo eziliqela ngenxa ezikweni engundoqo. Reheaters ezi yelanga kunye පිළිතුරු iimpendulo. Umsebenzi wokuqala izihlandlo 2-3 ngaphezulu kakuhle.
2. Separator. Isebenziselwa "semibhobho" umphunga - eyahlula kwi emanzini. Oku kwandisa ukusebenza kwalo matshini.
3. Umphunga accumulator. Le fowuni ilungiselelwe ukugcina inqanaba rhoqo kwisityalo zomphunga. Xa isibini akwanelanga, yongeza ukuba le nkqubo kunye, phezu koko, kwimeko ukhetha i ngokugqithiseleyo.
4. isixhobo ukulungiselela amanzi. Kamatshini ukusebenza ixesha elide, amanzi ewela kuwo, kufuneka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile. Esi sixhobo kunciphisa isixa ioksijini emanzini kunye nezithako. La manyathelo alula na ukuthintela ngokudleka yemibhobho kunye nokusekwa isikali ezindongeni zabo. Rust futhi sikala nje ekunciphiseni ukusebenza yesixhobo, kodwa ngokukhawuleza ndimalathise azisalungiseki, ingakumbi xa ukusetyenziswa esebenzayo.

amakhuba okujongisisa

Ukongeza, kwibhoyila kufakwa izixhobo abangabancedani ukuba ulawulo kunye nolawulo. Umzekelo, utshintsho umda iqwalasela inqanaba lamanzi nokugcina inqanaba ulwelo rhoqo kwi igubu. Umgaqo esebenza ngayo isalathisi bamasango kwibhoyila umphunga esekelwe utshintsho ubunzima kumthwalo ngokukodwa ngethuba lenguqu kwabo kwisigaba kulwelo ukuya kumphunga and vice versa. Kwimeko ukutenxa kumgaqo kuya beep ukuba uqaphele abasebenzi lweshishini.

Lokubeka ulawulo inqanaba lamanzi kwakhona wasebenzisa kweempompo ezimi emhlabeni kwibhoyila. Umgaqo nokusebenza isixhobo isekelwe phezu Unikezelo lombane amanzi. Ikholam i ityhubhu baxhotyiswa electrode ezine, ukulawula amanzi. Xa ikholam amanzi efika amanqaku asezantsi, nempompo feed enxulumene, kwaye ukuba top - enikwe kwibhoyila amanzi oyekayo.

Enye ifowuni elula umlinganiselo kwi amanzi kwibhoyila yi ngamanzi-iglasi, zidityaniswe kule yunithi. Umgaqo esebenza ngayo igeyiji amanzi kwibhoyila iglasi umphunga ilula - senzelwe ulawulo olubonakalayo kwamanzi.

Kwakhona kwinqanaba ulwelo kwinkqubo nge soxinzelelo lwegazi kunye ithemomitha balinganise iqondo lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo ngokulandelelana. Konke oko kuyimfuneko ukuze eqhelekileyo yokusebenza kwibhoyila nokuthintela amathuba zeengozi.

generator umphunga

Sele saxubusha umgaqo kwibhoyila umphunga, ngoku ukubazi ngokufutshane kunye awohluke ze ngabavelisi zomphunga - i boilers zinamandla exhotyiswe izixhobo ezongezelelekileyo. Njengoko ubona, umahluko ophambili phakathi zomphunga ukusuka kwibhoyila kukuba isakhiwo yayo ibandakanya reheaters omnye okanye ngaphezulu, evumela ukuba amaqondo obushushu aphezulu zomphunga. Xa izityalo amandla enyukliya, ngenxa sibini kushushu kakhulu, ukuguqula amandla sokonakalisa atom ibe amandla ombane.

Kukho iindlela ezimbini ezisisiseko: zokufudumeza amanzi, kunye nenguqulelo yayo zibe kwimeko sukube kwi reactor:

1. Amanzi ohlamba umzimba reactor. Xa reactor lupholisiwe namanzi itshiswe. Ngenxa yoko, umphunga into efunyenwe kwisiphaluka eyahlukileyo. Kulo mzekelo, umvelisi yomphunga ukhonza sokufudumeza.
2. Imibhobho ezivavanyiweyo ngamanzi ngaphakathi reactor. Kulo ngobuwena, i-reactor na igumbi yokutsha apho zomphunga nakwesiphi ngqo le generator. Oku kuyilwa ibizwa abilayo reactor amanzi. Apha yonke into isebenza ngaphandle ngomphunga.

isiphelo

Namhlanje siye sadibana isixhobo ezinoncedo ezifana njenge kwibhoyila ngomphunga. Ulwakhiwo nangemigaqo ukusebenza kwale divayisi ilula kwaye zisekelwe phezu iipropati banal emzimbeni amanzi. Kunjalo boilers lula kakhulu ubomi babantu. Kwanelisa sakhiwo ukunceda umbane.