Urticaria: izinto, iimpawu, unyango. Indlela ukuphelisa ezindlwini: iziyobisi

Umzimba - yingxaki eqhelekileyo kakhulu. ezimbi ezinjalo zaziwa ukuba ezinxulumene impendulo engeyiyo le umxokomezelo wokugonyeka into. Izifo komzimba zingafani, ukuba zihamba ezahlukeneyo iimpawu - ezinye kuziswe ebomini bomntu ungakhululekanga, ngoxa abanye kunokuba ezibulalayo.

Urticaria wabiza omnye sifo kakhulu rhoqo komzimba ukuba lukhatshwa imbonakalo enamanzi eluswini namadyungudyungu ezincinane (as in elivutha ukusuka umba). Ngokuqhelekileyo, izigulane banomdla inkcazelo engakumbi. Ngokomzekelo, yintoni na unobangela esi sifo? Indlela uqaphele aleji wena? Indlela ukuphelisa ezindlwini zazo kwaye kube lula ukunyangeka kanye nokuba bonke? Iimpendulo zale mibuzo kuya kuba luncedo kubafundi abaninzi.

Yintoni isifuba?

Namhlanje kakhulu sivame ukuxilongwa, ezifana urticaria ebantwaneni. Iimpawu kunye nonyango esi sifo, elingumthombo kakhulu edidayo. Isibakala sokuba igama elithi "urticaria" ukuhlanganisa lonke iqela izifo imvelaphi komzimba. Bona zihamba ziimpawu uphawu - isikhumba ngesiquphe kuvela namadyungudyungu enamanzi ezohlukeneyo ngobukhulu, ke, hamba emva kweentsuku 1-2. Ulwazi malunga nale sigulo yabhalwa kuqala kwangethuba njengoko BC ngenkulungwane yesi-4 ngu noHippocrates.

Indlela yophuhliso impendulo uyalisa ilandelayo. I allergen lokuqala udle (into apho umntu liye landa novakalelo), amajoni omzimba ukhupha izilwa iiproteins ezithile (njenge, IgM). Bandisa iiseli ezikhethekileyo ezifana basophils kunye neeseli imasti. Kwezi zakhiwo ukuqokelela izinto eziphilayo esebenzayo - serotonin, histamine, lweeHedfowuni, nabanye abambalwa. allergen Ukuphindaphindwa ongena umzimba iimolekyuli wayo ukubophelela izilwa-buhlungu kunye koko - ukuba andizele iiseli ezibangela ukukhululwa histamine kunye nezinye izinto esebenzayo ngqo kwi egazini kunye inyama.

Ngenxa yokwanda inqanaba histamine waphawula ekweneni kwinyama yesikhumba, komlomo kwemithambo yegazi, ukurhawuzelela kunye nezinye iimpawu uyaliwa. Kungenxa yeso sikim iphuhlisa ezindlwini. Iimpawu kunye noNyango e abadala (kunye nabantwana, too) ixhomekeke ngqo kuphuhliso indlela noonobangela komzimba. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba aphande ubungozi ngokusondeleyo.

Izinto ezibangela urticaria abadala kunye nabantwana

Kakade ke, ukuze isigulane ngasinye, umba ibalulekileyo unyango ngempumelelo esi sifo. Kodwa ukuze aqonde ukuba ayibulale njani le izigxala, wena kuqala kufuneka babe nolwazi indlela ingenzeka kwesi sifo. Ekubeni lo uxabane nawo, isiseko sophuhliso kwayo zoqhagamshelwano amajoni omzimba ukuya allergen. Ubangelwa urticaria ebantwaneni kwakunye abadala, yahluke kakhulu. Ke bonke zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amakhulu:

• Okokuqala, makhe sithethe ifuthe kokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle. Cold, qhagamshelana ngamanzi, engenisa ukukhanya yelanga, imitha - zonke ezo kunokubangela uxabane.
• Ukuba unomdla ezingunobangela eziqhelekileyo izigxala ebantwaneni, kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo ukutya, ekubeni kwiimeko ezininzi Baqumbisa ziyabagulisa ebantwaneni. Le nomzimba kakhulu esebenzayo ziquka amandongomane, nobusi, cocoa itshokolethi, ubisi lwenkomo, iimveliso zaselwandle, amaqanda, yaye ezinye iziqhamo kunye nemifuno (ingakumbi eqhelekileyo kubantu bathwaxwa uxabana iziqhamo citrus kunye amaqunube).
• Ukusuka yintoni na urticaria? Kaninzi iba nefuthe ebezingalindelekanga zeyeza, ingakumbi antibiotics. rhoqo umzimba kokusetyenziswa tetracyclines, rifampin, penicillin. Ezinokuba amayeza eziyingozi ziquka iziyobisi nonsteroidal anti-ukudumba. Hi ndlela leyi, a abanokusabela kancane - kaninzi Iimpawu zokuqala ezindlwini zazo kuvela emva kweentsuku ezili-14 emva kokuba uqale ukuthatha antibiotics.
• Ubangelwa Allergies abadala babe wadibana iimveliso ezahlukeneyo iikhemikhali ndlongondlongo, kubandakanywa latex, iisepha kunye arhente zokucoca indlu.
• impovane (njenge umthetho, oonomeva, ngoonomeva neenyosi) naye evusa angawokubhuda.

Ukuba esazibuza okwenzekayo ukusuka izigxala, kufuneka aqonde ukuba akusoloko ngokubange- kubangelwa kukudibana kunye nokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle. Lidla izizathu ukuze kuhlawulwa ngaphakathi emzimbeni. A buthathaka inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ukuphazamiseka kwamadlala, goiter, izifo samathambo, amagciwane ezingapheliyo kunye nezifo olwaye lwamfimfitha - konke oku ekunokuthiwa ubungozi.

Zeziphi iimpawu zesi sifo ihamba?

Ngokufuthi abantu abajongene nayo loo ngxaki ezingemnandi njenge urticaria. Iimpawu kunye noNyango e abadala - Oku kubalulekile, ngoko umele mjonge ngokweenkcukacha. Ngoko ke oko yayingako imiqondiso lukhatshwa yokugula nokuba unokujonga ngokwakho?

Enyanisweni, irhashalala kunye ziinguqu isikhumba isici. Kwi ulusu ukuqala ukuvela namadyungudyungu enesiqulatho enamanzi - into ziyafana ukutsha adibane ngamarhawu ebuhlungu, ukuba, enyanisweni, kwakhokelela igama i uxabane nawo. Yabangxamayo ekhona phantse nasiphi na isiza umzimba.

Irhashalala ngokufuthi kubonakala phezu iingalo, imilenze, ngamanye amaxesha ngasemva nesisu. Namadyungudyungu zidla ezincinane, kodwa maxa wambi ukuze ukwandisa ukufikelela-10 cm ubukhulu. Hi ndlela leyi, ngokuqhelekileyo baye emva kweeyure ezingama-24 kuphela emva kokuvela, kungasali imizila kwi eluswini (amanxeba, iindawo ubudala, uthungelwano nemithambo).

Uphawu lwesibini abafuna urticaria, nto leyo ziyanyuswa ngokuhlwa kunye ebusuku. Hi ndlela leyi, ukuze nangenjinana kunye nemimandla "ezihlambulukileyo" ulusu (ukuba akukho angawokubhuda). Ukutshisa kunye neentlungu kule meko azifumaneki. inkangeleko yabo asenokubonisa uphuhliso angioedema kunye nezinye iingxaki.

Classification: iintlobo kunye neentlobo urticaria

Namhlanje, zininzi iindlela Cazulula esi sifo. Umzekelo, allergies kunokuba etsolo kwaye engapheliyo (kwiimeko ezininzi akukho akukwazeki ukufumanisa izizathu). Imiba kunye zalapha ekhaya kwabo namadyungudyungu eluswini - yabangxamayo iqhelekileyo kwi izandla, kodwa yabangxamayo angavela eluswini iinyawo, ubuso, isisu, emva, etc ...

Kuxhomekeka izizathu ezi fom zilandelayo:

• urticaria aerogenic (zamavumba angena emzimbeni iphecana yokuphefumla, umz, ngenxa inhalation nomungu, mbewu zomngundo, iinwele zezilwanyana, etc ...);
• balawule;
• komzimba;
• idiopathic (ezifana isigulo senziwe apho, nangona zonke iimvavanyo okubangela uxabane akukho bekubona);
• Diseases ezisulelayo (umzimba sizoku lwisana ayehlasela umzimba iintsholongwane, nezinambuzane, iintsholongwane);
• allergies Physical (abasabela ivela phantsi kwempembelelo zizinto eziphathekayo, umz, xa ukudibana ngamanzi, xa sisiva ukuba umzimba okanye uxinzelelo ebandayo);
• kuvela luvo urticaria ukusuka excitability ukwanda e-nervous system of overvoltage (kakhulu nzima ukunyanga kwaye nendlela esibekwa rhoqo olufunyanwa ngabantwana).

Iindlela kokuxilongwa: apho kungekho mvavanyo kufuneka yenziwe?

Kakade ke, xa iimpawu zokuqala kuhle ukuba udibane nogqirha. Yingcali uza kukwazi ukuba enoba kukho uxabane. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwiimviwo ulusu kunye imbali yezonyango sele unike isizathu orhanela ubukho ngezifo. Ekuhlalutyeni igazi Kungaba liphathwe ungeniselo ireyithi erythrocyte neentlenge namhlophe cell segazi, kwakunye kukwehla kwenani iiseli ezibomvu egazini - oku bubungqina ukunyhashwa yi yamajoni omzimba.

Xa iimvavanyo ezingaphaya ziqhutywa ukugqiba allergen. Lidla iimvavanyo isikhumba ulwazi zezi - phantsi eluswini iingedosi ezincinane banikwa amaqela ezahlukeneyo izinto eziyingozi, ebezikuyo basabela iliso. Ukongeza, iimvavanyo iyakwenziwa kwinqanaba emzimbeni (utshintsho hormone badla ukuba impendulo engafanelekanga amajoni omzimba ukuba ezintweni), iimviwo endleni ubukho irhorho amathumbu, njalo njalo. D. diagnosis kuya kunceda ukwenza irejimeni yonyango kakhulu.

Indlela lahla isifuba? unyango elondoloza

Ngoko nangoko ke paha ukuba unyango kuxhomekeke ubungqongqo uxabane kunye nohlobo allergen. Kakade ke, simele siqale ukuphelisa sesichengeni izinto ezinokuba yingozi. Emva kule rejimeni unyango. Ngoko ke indlela lahla isifuba?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, izigulane emiselweyo antihistamines. Kukho izizukulwana ezimbini kwala machiza. Amaninzi, amachiza-isizukulwana yesibini ukusetyenziswa namhlanje, njengoko ndingamkhubekisi mkhuba, ukozela kunye nezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Kuba ephephile iipilisi "Loratadine", "desloratidine" "Zyrtec" "Claritin". Kwimeko ukuba la machiza abanayo yifuna, unyango kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa amachiza sizukulwana sokuqala. "Diphenhydramine", "Diazolin", "Tavegil", "Suprastin" evela zisele zisetyenziswa kakhulu qho.

Ngaphezu koko, unyango lungabandakanya ukusetyenziswa namafutha aqholiweyo. La machiza mhlawumbi ibe okanye ayiqulathanga iihomoni. Kakade ke, nabakholose ngakumbi iziyobisi ezingekho-hormone. Ngelishwa, azisoloko olusebenzayo. Eyona ethandwayo namhlanje ziquka nezithambiso ezifana "Soventol" yaye "Fenistil gel". Baya kukunceda uthobe ukudumba kunye ukurhawuzelela, ukuphucula kakuhle-ntle yesigulane.

Kwiimeko kakhulu ngakumbi iyeza gormonosoderzhaschie osetyenziswayo ukuphelisa ulusu izenzo uyaliwa. Umzekelo, ngokufuthi isicelo prednisolone, linamafutha aqholiweyo. Ukususela urticaria, ebalawula yi-ncomo, oko kuyanceda ukuba mnandi. Kuluhlu iziyobisi isicelo lwangaphandle ingaquka yaye "Lokoid", "Kloveyt", "Latikort", "Dermoveyt".

uncedo lokuqala ziyabagulisa

Kakade ke, kufuneka kuqala uqiniseke ukuba akukho iimpawu angioedema okanye anaphylaxis. Kwenzeka ntoni emva koko kuxhomekeke yintoni ebangela uxabane. Ukuba kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba ukujaduka ezinxulumene ngamayeza, unyango kufuneka kupheliswa. Ukuba kumadyunguza yaqala ukubonakala wadibana ne-cream, isepha, umgubo, isikhumba kufuneka ngoko nangoko pula ngamanzi ashushu.

Xa uxabana kakhulu ukutya kuthathwe enterosorbent ukuba ngokukhawuleza wazise allergen ukusuka kwinkqubo yokwetyisa. Kwakhona zama ukuba iphume isisu. namadyungudyungu wabonakala zinokunyangwa ngesixhobo ezikhethekileyo - linamafutha efanelekileyo urticaria komzimba. Maxa wambi kuba reception antihistamine efanelekileyo ( "loratidine," "Tavegil").

ezindlwini yokudla elungile

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba uxabane enxulumene nokusetyenziswa ezithile zokutya, i zamavumba ofuna ngaphandle ukusuka ukutya ngoko nangoko. Ngamanye amaxesha umntu Lithole Luluphi olona hlobo lokutya yena komzimba, kwezinye iimeko, iimvavanyo ezithile zenziwa ngenxa yale njongo.

Kwelinye icala, kwanokuba ke imbonakalo indlela ulusu akunanto yakwenza iimveliso, ukutya omhle kunokusinceda ukuba balungelelanise umsebenzi ometyiso ngokukhawuleza ukuze kupheliswe iimpawu ngaphandle komzimba, ukuphucula kakuhle-ntle. Ngoko yintoni izigxala, yaye yintoni na?

Yokudla kufuneka nakanjani ziquka isidudu, nyama iphekiweyo, isuphu ukukhanya. Imifuno kunye neziqhamo nga nocinywa, kodwa Kuyancomeka pre-ecocekileyo, bilisa okanye ngumkhenkce (processing loo nto ngumonakalisi-allergen arhente). Qiniseka ukuba basele amanzi ngokwaneleyo (ubuncinane 2-3 iilitha ngosuku).

Kodwa iimveliso eziqulathe kwisigcinakaliso, iiarhente umbala, izixubisisi kunye nezinye nezongezelelo kufuneka kuphetshwe. Kunjalo nje ngezisengela yingozi iziqhamo, imifuno, amandongomane, itshokolethi kunye nobisi. Kufuneka uthathe ixesha angabikho iziselo ezibandayo (ingakumbi ikofu) kunye notywala. Lo mgaqo amandla kunceda umzimba kwakhona ngokukhawuleza.

Iingxaki urticaria: indlela ezinobungozi bayaliwa?

Ngokutsho manani, malunga-40% amatyala urticaria zidityaniswa nezinye izifo komzimba yingozi ngakumbi,, kuquka nokudumba angioneurotic nokothuka anaphylactic. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusabela zihamba yeempawu.

Umzekelo, iimpawu ezisaqalayo komzimba kakhulu baphathe ukwehla okukhulu uxinzelelo lwegazi, maxa wambi de zingqondweni. Kunokubangela ukuba ahlekise esiswini (ingakumbi sivame ngayo ekutyeni). Ukudumba entanyeni, ulwimi, imilebe, ukuphefumla lembandezelo, hoarseness, hoarseness ilizwi, ukuphelelwa umoya - konke oku sisizathu esilungileyo sokuba ukufowunela inqwelo yezigulana. Oku kuyinyaniso ngakumbi xa ekuphuhliseni urticaria ebantwaneni. Iimpawu (kunye nonyango, ngokulandelelana, nabo) kusenokuba ezahlukeneyo, ngoko uxilongo kunye noncedo lokuqala izigulane abaselula - lilungelo leZiko eliQinisekisa ugqirha. Self azamkeleki kule meko.

Ingaba kukho amanyathelo othintelo?

Maxa wambi kulula ukunqanda ukuvela iingxaki kunokuba uze ucinge ngendlela balahle ezindlwini. Ngelishwa, naziphi na amayeza okanye ezinye iindlela ezithile yothintelo ikhona. Kodwa, esazi ntoni na oonobangela urticaria abadala kunye nabantwana, unga zama ukuphepha iimeko eziyingozi.

Ukuba musa ukudibanisa izinto ezinokuba yingozi. Umzekelo, kucetyiswa ukuba ulandele imigaqo ngokutya okunempilo, sokwala iimveliso ukusetyenziswa vysokoallergennyh (istrawberry, itshokolethi, nobusi, amandongomane, ikofu njalo njalo. D.). Khetha cleansers umgangatho, Ithatyathwe emigutyeni yonke. Ukuba usebenza nabafundi amachiza, soloko banxibe impahla ekhuselayo, kuquka iiglavu.

Amagqirha bacetyiswa ukuba njalo baphathe antihistamines (umzekelo, "Suprastin", "Loratadine") uze uthabathe kubo phambi ukujaduka ibonakala. Best ukunxiba impahla evakalala-gingci ezenziwe amalaphu zendalo musani ukubacaphukisa isikhumba. Ukuze balahle ukulunywa, ungakwazi ukuthatha ishawa epholileyo okanye ibhafu kunye nokongeza ingumhluzi evela kukubola oat.