Nezigcina-ntloko kunye nezigcina emkhosini: inkcazelo, iintlobo kunye neempawu

Nkqu kumaxesha amandulo, amadoda asetyenziswa ntloko sentsimbi ezizodwa sikhusela intloko. Kuwo kunye imikhosi Yuliya Tsezarya, amaSkitiya, Knights aphakathi eYurophu. isicelo Its ububanzi-ntloko sentsimbi lokudumba Kievan Rus ', eyanikelwa amelwe iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, ukukhusela ngexesha amadabi iminqwazi engasekho ngokubizwa ngokuba ntloko sentsimbi. Namhlanje, igama ayisetyenziselwanga. iminqwazi zangoku eyaziwa kubasebenzisi ngokuba ntloko. Military zenza ipesenti enkulu yabo bonke abasebenzisa lo hlobo headgear. Ngaphandle kwezi, kwahlelwa mgodini, abakhi, amagosa amapolisa, abacimi-mlilo kunye namalungu imidlalo eyingozi.

wenza njani ingqiqo ka "isigcina"?

umnqwazi Special eyenzelwe ukukhusela intloko segorha ngexesha imfazwe, ekuqaleni ngokuba ntloko. Ekubeni phambili isikrweqe yaye kwenziwa ngentsimbi, umyalelo emkhosini nazo kwiseti eqhelekileyo yokulwa phantsi igama elisemthethweni "isigcina intsimbi" kwaye ibonwa njengendlela eyiyo zokukhusela nejoni ngamnye.

Nokufika ezahlukeneyo iindidi amajoni kunye nokuphuculwa yobugcisa zomkhosi baye maxesha nezigcina-ntloko. Products babe imilo nkundla. Steel kusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa kubo. Kodwa imbali uyazi iisampuli ezenziwe ngoboya neemfele iimpawu zokhuseleko ukuba zinike inani elikhulu eziqhotyoshelwe kuzo iziqalelo yesinyithi. Ngenxa yobukho kumacandelo zentsimbi umqhele ezinxulumene ne yentsimbi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kubomi bemihla ngemihla kwakukho elithi "isigcina" lula ngakumbi, nto leyo Latin lithetha "isigcina metal."

iminqwazi device

iminyaka iminqwazi imfazwe bekusoloko isifundo sophando basem- bezinto zakudala abaye bayifundisise zonke iinkalo isakhiwo nohlobo ukhuseleko lobuqu joni, esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi amawaka eminyaka. Uhlolisiso lwezenzululwazi lubonisa ukuba inxalenye eyintloko kokwakhiwa nesigcina yokhuselo kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi kuhlala ingaguqukanga. Iinguqu kuchatshazelwa kuphela iifom. Oku kwakuxhomekeke kuphuhliso ngezikhali kunye nezixhobo kuhlaselwa apho unyanzelekile ukuba akhusele.

Njengoko izinto esetyenziselwa nokuveliswa ntloko yesinyithi. Baba yobhedu okanye ubhedu sheet obhityileyo, oluzakuthi ekugqibeleni indawo ngensimbi okanye intsimbi. Loo ntloko kweemakhishithi zentsimbi esetyenziswa yi yonke imikhosi yehlabathi kunye neminyaka 80 zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Kamva nezigcina-ntloko yomkhosi kunye nezigcina zentsimbi ezenziwa izinto eziphambili ezifana titanium, le Kevlar, iipholima textile, titanium compound-aluminiyam.

-Ntloko engaphakathi limelwe isiqwenga okhethekileyo isixhobo yesikhumba, ebotshwe ngokusebenzisa rivet circumferentially kwinxalenye esezantsi engaphakathi nqaku. Le nxalenye ye-ntloko kuthiwa "tuleyka". It amahlamvu ngokusebenzisa kwiindawo zokubeka multiple ezinamagqabi ezidityanisiweyo yeebhutsi. Imisebenzi ephambili ukuba enze tuleyka kunye ezinamagqabi:

• Balanced bamba isigcina phezu kwentloko yakhe;
• uthintelo contact intloko sheet metal le-ntloko;
• ukunciphisa impembelelo force kobutyobo kunye namatye ngaphandle kwe-ntloko.

iminqwazi Modern zomkhosi ngakumbi ijoni ekhululekile kwaye ekhuselekileyo, kuba iintyatyambo ezinamaphepha nca kuzo ngakumbi ekukhuthazeni ukuthamba ye kwamagqabi amagwebu okanye ngesikhumba.

impembelelo fashion

Kweli xesha ukusukela legionaries Yuliya Tsezarya ukuya kartel yaseYurophu yamajoni kuMbindi Ages abafake kusetyenziswa iminqwazi. isenzo Military kuloo minyaka kwenziwa ngamandla amakhulu, yaye imfuno ngesigqubuthelo sentloko wayesikhusela mkhulu kakhulu. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, baqala ukubathwala iminqwazi nobugcisa umsebenzi. Kwakukho fashion kuba iminqwazi ezintle. ngodaba lokuphepha etsha kungena kwisiqalo. Iminqwazi ke bagxothwa iminqwazi kunye nento ephakathi, shakos kunye neminqwazi kunye visors lacquered ezintle.

isigcina French

inyathelo Military kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala umsele umlinganiswa zonakele. Iithagethi ziye zaba amajoni ngokungakhuselekanga intloko. intshukumo engacingi ecaleni kothango lweenqwelo zokulwa emngciphekweni yokwenzakala kakhulu okanye ukufa. intloko ze yaba ndawo ebuthathaka ngokudubula umpu okanye umpu, ngokuba eziyingozi kunye landmines. Kuba okokuqala kule minyaka kwakhona sikhunjuzwa iminqwazi ukusebenza eliphezulu. Ngeli xesha, ekuthandazeni ngenxa iminqwazi amahle umphongolo wadlula, yaye inkonzo ye-ntloko emva kwakhona.

Military eFransi wokuqala izixhobo kunye neendlela ezintsha, advanced ngakumbi. Iimveliso French ziqulathe izinto ezintathu: a hood, sisiketi kunye ikama. "Adriana" - ligama esemthethweni yanikwa ntloko. Military French unomsebenzi 1915 iimveliso ukhuseleko data, leyo yehla kakhulu ukulahleka ubume lobuqu zomkhosi. 13% kunye nokufa yehlise nokwehla-30% kwinani owenzakeleyo. Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, ezi iminqwazi French ezisetyenziswa ngamajoni eNgilani, eRashiya, Italy, Romania kunye Portugal.

IsiNgesi isigcina

Ubunkokheli umkhosi yaseNgilani wayengekho wanelisekile ne-ntloko French "UAdrian". Kuye kwagqitywa ukudala uguqulelo yaso ntloko yomkhosi. Umbhekisi phambili mveliso loo lokhuseleko kwaba uYohane Leopold Brodie, abathatha njengesiseko kumaxesha umnqwazi Cappellini, ngokubanzi ezisetyenziswa emkhosini kwixesha ukusuka elinanye kwinkulungwane yeshumi. Le ntloko ubizwa ngokuba "-ntloko sentsimbi ukuguqulwa kuqala" yaye amelwe tselnoshtampovannyh imveliso kunye eludinini ngokubanzi.

Olu hlobo lwe-ntloko waba luncedo kakhulu umsele zokulwa njengomphumi-mkhosi yasendle wadala nefuthe iambrela, ukufuya ekukhubekeni amatshe avela phezulu. Kodwa lo mfuziselo udidekile xa kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuhlasela, ngokuba ukufika kwalo phezu kwentloko bakhe bamsa eliphezulu kakhulu kwaye abazange ukukhusela iindawo zexeshana kunye Occipital entloko. Kodwa nangona kule yeempazamo, IsiNgesi Brodie ntloko samkelwa imikhosi Canada, eUnited States Australia.

Inguqulelo German ye-ntloko

Ngokungafaniyo kwamanye amazwe, Germany de 1916 akuxhomekekanga echithwa kwimveliso, ngokutsho iingcali yayo, i ephantsi-grade iminqwazi esezantsi-esemgangathweni. gunsmiths bawo e Hannover benza kuyilo ngokwenene yimveliso esemgangathweni. Ngowe-1916, iJamani wabona isigcina-ntloko Stahihelm odumileyo, owathi kamva baba luphawu lo joni waseJamani, njengoko lisetyenziswe kwiimfazwe ezimbini zehlabathi.

nesigcina German ophezulu kakhulu ngokwemiqathango lula kunye iimpawu zokhuseleko onobuhle isiFrentshi, IsiNgesi. A eyilwe Uphawu kwi Stahihelm ntloko yaba phambi iimpondo ngentsimbi kwiindawo nezenyama. Baye imisebenzi ezininzi:

• ngaphandle cover le mingxuma umoya kwi-ntloko;
• izinto zokubopha yenziwa ikhaka ekhethekileyo vehicles ekhusela intloko lijoni isiJamani ukusuka hit ngqo umpu kunye umatshini-nompu iimbumbulu.

Nangona kungekho iimpazamo kuyilo imilo, uguqulelo waseJamani ye-ntloko akuqinisekisi ukhuseleko ngokupheleleyo wabaqeshwa. Nangona ntloko kunye bullet laqina ngqo hit, kodwa zange ukunika ukhuseleko amathambo joni wesibeleko. Amagalelo xa udubuleke-ntloko waba amandla aphezulu kangangokuba amathambo wesibeleko owenzakeleyo. Kwaye oku, ke, ibange ukufa. Ukuphucula le meko ayizi kuchaphazela into yokuba amandla ifuthe hit ngqo ngokukhuselekileyo ukumelana-ntloko ngokwayo.

imodeli Military Soviet

ingxubevange steel weentonga kusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ntloko kwi-USSR. Umfuziselo eSoviet wabizwa NL-39 kwaye yimveliso ezinobunzima 1.25 kg. Iindonga zaba Ebubanzini 1.9 mm. Iimvavanyo iminqwazi lwenziwa buqu S. M. Budennym wabanika nemiphumo emihle. Umfuziselo Soviet ikwazile ukumelana hit ngqo ukusuka kumgama oziimitha ezilishumi ukusuka bullet ivolovolo, "ivolovolo."

Ngowe-1940, i-NL-39 unenzondelelo maxesha. Tuleyka Roma iirholithi ezongezelelweyo, zokubhala iminatha. NL-40 - ligama esemthethweni yanikwa nesigcina phambili. utshintsho kunye ezintsha yenziwa ngo-1954 no-1960. Isiphumo ibe ukuvela ntloko ezintsha NL-54 kunye NL-60, utshintsho nomthelela tuleyki kuphela. Isakhiwo ngokwayo ayitshintshanga ukususela 1939.

isikolo oluphuculweyo imodeli

ukugqitywa ebonakalayo NL-39 yaveliswa ngowe-1968. Maxesha waba phantsi ukuba uhlobo waba-ntloko. Ngoku imodeli Military Russian ulime i kwithambeka eyandileyo udonga ngokungqalileyo kwawo kunye namacala elifutshane kujikwa ngaphandle. Kuba umenzi wayo uye wasebenzisa isikrweqe ingxubevange kunye ngamandla enkulu. Kwithambeka eludongeni ngokungqalileyo bya iminqwazi ukuxhathisa iSarajevo hits.

A ukusetyenziswa isigcina zokwakha efanayo zokuqesha abasebenzi balo China, North Korea, Russia, India ne Vietnam.

Enye iminqwazi ezisebenzayo emkhosini esetyenziswa yi imikhosi zokhuseleko Russian zithathwa:

• NL-68 M yenzelwe amajoni zangaphakathi;
• NL-68 N isetyenziswa semkhosini Russian Federation.

Zombini izinketho tuleyki mihla. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ubunzima ezi iminqwazi ngeenxa buziikhilogram ezimbini, bahlangana kwiklasi yokuqala kukuchasa, ngokuba nako ukumelana hit ngqo ngu ngembumbulu ukusuka ngompu Makarov nengqushu luphaphazela ngesantya we-400 m / s, ubunzima ayidluli gram enye.

isigcina Modern Russian

Nesigcina-TSS-81 "Sphere", ukususela ngowe-1981, kwaye isasetyenziswa nangoku amabutho zangaphakathi Russian Federation.

Kuba imveliso titanium lwezindlu yayo ipleyiti ubukhulu 0.3 cm abethatyathwe. Isigcina ubunzima 2.3 kg, yaye zisetyenziswa kuphela ukhuseleko ngokonzakala mechanical. Sihlangene iklasi yesibini, kuba akukho akusosiqinisekiso ukukhuselwa ngemipu. isakhiwo lwale yinto efunekayo ezintathu vehicles eziqulathwe izingxobo ezikhethekileyo.

Ntloko "Sphere" i loyamano "Sphere-II", nto leyo indawo iipleyiti zentsimbi titanium vehicles, nelenyuse kakhulu ubunzima model (3.5 kg). Esi sithintelo kukunqongophala isakhiwo xa sisonke. umothuko craniocerebral kunokwenzeka. iimeko ezizodwa vehicles titanium okanye intsimbi iziqalelo azipheli ngokukhawuleza. Oku kukhokelela ukubana zabo neempawu asezantsi nesigcina olukhuselayo.

Indlela yokwenza nesigcina-ntloko yomkhosi?

Okokuqala kuyimfuneko ukuze bafumane izinto eziyimfuneko. Inyathelo lesibini - ukwenza umzobo, apho iminqwazi yasemkhosini iza kwenziwa. Izandla zabo ukuze kube akukho nzima. Kungcono ukuba ntloko iya kuba imilo ukulenza. Oku kuya kunciphisa amandla etshabalalisayo phezu impembelelo. Ukukuqonda okanye ukunciphisa kakhulu uncedo kwakunye yokukhuhla.

Isiseko ngokuba iminqwazi zingenziwa ngomthi okanye ibhola slug ngayo abantwana yokuhlanganisa gypsum kunye epoxy intlaka kunye hardener. Emva lukhuni isakhelo udaka kuthathwa ukuba ilungile, kwaye uyakwazi ukususa i disc.

Omnye wale misebenzi eyenziwa yi-ntloko, kuba nokunikezelwa ifuthe layo kwindawo yonke. Ngoko ke, ukuba iqokobhe engaphandle umbandela kufuneka index ephezulu, inqaba kunye kobulembu. lyu amagwebu Ideal. amandla alo uqine-5 kg / cm ^2, nto leyo ebenza ukufakwa ngempumelelo kakhulu ifuthe. Ungasebenzisa fiberglass, nto leyo ngokwemaleko eziliqela paste phezu komhlaba-ntloko kunye ingubo kunye epoxy resin. 'Emva ukuqaqadeka, lo intlaka kwemfuneko nomnye spatula kususwe kwaye iglasi intsalela benqunyulwe ngemela.

Inxalenye engaphakathi ntloko kufuneka iqulathe iibloko amagwebu, nto leyo eyandisa zokuzikhusela amaqhuma. Bona eqhotyoshelweyo iglu. Kuyanconywa ukuba enze njalo emva hlengiso ngenyameko. Kubalulekile ukuba bekukho kuloo ngaphakathi imigodi nesigcina, iibhloko ugwebu musa ukuba noxinzelelo kwindawo zexeshana.

Iibhloko kwi Occipital kunye ngokungqalileyo malungu qhiwu ukuya wokugqibela. Iziphepha ukubana le ntloko lifuthe kunokwenzeka. Ukuba kukho mgodini kwi-ntloko, ziyahlutha benezijungqe njengogwebu. Phambi kokuba uqale ukheto ngaphakathi, zifakwe kunye ngezikhonkwane kunye washer iirholithi entengo okhethekileyo.

Le touch yokugqibela iya kuba ukupeyinta iminqwazi zasekhaya. Ungasebenzisa inkonxa okanye nitro nitroenamels. Kodwa phambi koko, komhlaba mveliso ukuba lumakishwe nitrogruntovkoy ngomatshini.

Bobubi iminqwazi okuzithandelayo zithathwa yokungabikho ubushushu kunye permeability abahluphekayo ive.

Phambi kokuba uqale, kufuneka uqonde ukuba ntloko akuqinisekisi ukhuseleko entloko, oko kuvuthelwa ithambisa kuphela. Ukongeza, ukubaluleka ke amandla. Enanikade amandla eyenziwe nama-25 J. Nguwo lowo umda wonyamezelo yabantu, ilahleko yayo ezingaphezu sezingqondweni ajongane neziphumo ezibi kakhulu.