Mvakalisi uLevitan: biography. Ilizwi elinika ithemba: "UMoscow uthi"

Ummemezeli weLevitan, onobugcisa obunomdla kakhulu kunye nokuzonwabisa, uyaziwayo kubo bonke. Wayeyithethi yeKomiti yeSizwe yeBhunga labaPhathiswa beSoviet Union. Ilizwi lakhe elicacileyo, eliyingqayizivele kwi-timbre, lalibizwa ngokuba "ilizwi lexesha kunye noNqoba".

Akagcini nje ngokuxela ngeziganeko ezivuyoleyo, kodwa ngokuphathelele ukunqotshwa. Ngokumalunga nokunqoba kwakuphathisiwe ukuvakalisa kuphela kubaLevi. Kwakungelona nto yabizwa ngokuba yilizwi elinika ithemba. Iintshaba zinoyika kwaye zithiyile. Amasosha aseSoviet kunye nabemi - abathandekayo. U-Levitan waba ngumdlalo wezempi, ilizwi lakhe-umzekelo ongenakwenzekayo wokuNqoba.

Usapho

U-Yuri Levitan wazalwa ngo-Oktobha 2 (Septemba 19 kwisitayela esidala) ngo-1914 eVladimir. Intsapho yakhe yayingumYuda. Umama, uMaria Yulevna, wayehlala endlwini. UBawo, uBoris Semenovich, wasebenza njengesiqili kwi studio. Watshintsha iifom ye-uniforms kubasebenzi nakumagosa.

Ubuntwana

Wachitha ubuntwaneni bakhe bonke kwisixeko sakhe. Wayethanda ukudlala uLeviya kwiindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo. Wahlabelela ekwayideni kwaye wayethanda imisebenzi yangasese esikolweni. Ndiphupha lokuba ngumculi odumileyo. UYuri ukususela ebuntwaneni bakhe behluke kwiintsapho zakhe ngezwi lakhe elivakalayo. Ngenxa yakhe, u-Levitan osemncinci wayebizwa ngokuba "ngumbhobho". Abazali bakhe bahlala becela ukuba bamemeza, bambize inzala yabo xa belahlekile.

Ubaba u-Yuri wayephupha ngokubona unyana wakhe enkonzweni yempi njengonjiniyela-umakhi-mkhulu. Kodwa u-Levitan osemncinci wangena phantsi kwekratshi le midlalo kwaye wabhalisa kwisiganeko somdlalo. Waqala uhambo lwakhe ephupha.

Imfundo:

U-Yuri Levitan uphumelele kwisikolo esikolweni esiphelisiweyo (iiklasi ezili-9) ngo-1931. UVladimirsky Hills Komsomol wambhalela ithikithi eMoscow ukuba amkelwe kwiyunivesiti. U-Yuri wanquma ukuthatha iimviwo zokungena kwi-State Film College (ngoku iVGIK).

Kodwa wayekulindele ukuhluleka. Ikomidi lokungeniswa alizange limvumele ukuba aye kwiikholeji yezobugcisa ngenxa ye "ukudibanisa" i-Vladimir accent. Emva koko uYuri wazama ukungena esikolweni sezemidlalo. Kwakhona aphumelelanga. Ikomiti yokwamkelwa yamfumana esemncinci (ngoko wayeneminyaka eli-17 ubudala) kwaye engabonakali.

Ukuqala komsebenzi weendaba

Emva kokungaphumeleli kweemviwo kwisikolo sefilimu nakwiziko lezemidlalo, uYuri wayefuna ukufumana umsebenzi kwizityalo zaseMoscow njengomsebenzi olula okanye ukuba abuyele ekhaya eVladimir. Kodwa ke emva kweso sihlandlo senze ukujika okubukhali.

Etaweni yesitalato, amehlo kaRuri abanjwe ukuvakalisa isaziso sabashumayeli kwi-radiyo. Isethi yayinokukhuphisana, kodwa uLeviathan wagqiba ekubeni azame isandla sakhe kule ndlela. Nangona akazange abe nombono walo msebenzi.

UVasily Kachalov wayephakathi kwamalungu ekomiti yokukhetha . Wonke umntu wayenamahloni ngobuncinane bukaYri, iimpahla zakhe (ibhulukwe yezemidlalo kunye neT-shirt) kunye nelizwi lephondo. Ikhomishini ekuqaleni yayiyixakile, kodwa emva kokuva i-mesmerizing, icwangciswe ngokucacileyo, i-strong and zychny izwi likaLevi, ibhalise njengomqeqeshi kwi-radiyo.

U-Yuri Levitan waqeqeshwa kwiqela le-All-Union Radio Committee. Kwaye emva koko waba ngummemezeli oyintloko. Wahlala eklasini elincinci, elikufutshane kweso studio kwaye yayisetyenziswa njengendawo yokugcina igramophones.

Amanyathelo okuqala kwintsimi yommemezeli

Ekuqaleni u-Yuri wenza umsebenzi weposi-walungiselela i-sandwiches and tea kubo oogxa, athatha amaphepha kunye namaxwebhu kwiofisi. Ebusuku, wazama ngokunyanisekileyo ukutshabalalisa ukugxekwa kwakhe.

Wayehlaziya rhoqo le ngcaciso, kunye naye wasebenza abaculi be-Moscow Academic Theatre, eyayibhekisana nabaqeqeshi - N. Litovtseva, V. Kachalov, N. Tolstova, M. Lebedev nabanye abaninzi.

Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva u-Levitan wamiselwa emsebenzini kwi-studio. Imisebenzi yakhe yayiquka ukufunda iindaba ezimfutshane, ukuvakalisa amanani omculo kunye nokuguqula iirekhodi.

Ingqalelo yeStalin

Ebusika ka-1934 i-future adversikazi yeLevitan eyaziwayo, eyayizimeleyo, yafumana omnye umsebenzi-ukufunda iincwadi ezivela ePravda ebusuku. Ngaloo mini, u-Yuri waqala ukufikelela kwimakrofoni. Ngethuba lokugqibela ngeli xesha, ilizwi likaLevi lavakala nguStalin, owayesebenza kakhulu ebusuku. Inomathotholo yayihlala ihlala.

Ukuphulaphula izwi lika-Yuri, uStalin wambiza umnxeba weKomiti yeRadio waza wabiza ukuba esi sithethi sifanele sifunde ingxelo ngomso kusasa kwi-congress yesi-17 ye-CPSU.

Ummemezeli oyiNtloko uLevitan: i-career biography

Levitan, ephawulwe ngemvakalelo, ejongene nomsebenzi ngokuthe tye. Nge-12: 00 kwisikhilimu saziswa ngencwadana ene-ingxelo kaStalin. U-Yuri wafunda isicatshulwa iiyure ezintlanu. Kwaye ngelo xesha akazange enze iimpazamo, ukungazithembi kunye nokuzigcina.

UStalin waphulaphula ngenyameko kwaye emva kokuphela kwentetho yalela ukuba onke amaxwebhu karhulumente ukususela kwangoku aya kufundwa kuphela nguLevi. Ngaloo ndlela, kakade kwiminyaka eyi-19, u-Yuri waba izwi elisemthethweni leKremlin. Oogxa bakhe bawabiza ngokuthi yiYurbor, badibanisa igama kunye negama elilodwa.

Ngethuba elifutshane kunokwenzeka ilizwi likaLevi labonakala. Ummemezeli odumile kakhulu we-All-Union Radio udumo unokufaniswa kuphela nenkwenkwezi ye-movie L. Orlova.

Ukuqhubeka nokuziphucula

Nangona i-Levitan yayingabonakali ngokungathandabuzekiyo kunye noogxa bakhe kunye nabaphathi, waqhubeka ephucula ubugcisa bokubhaliweyo. Wayehlala ecela abacebisi bakhe ukuba baphendule iindinyana kwiindawo ezihlukeneyo, funda iitekisi "zingaphantsi" okanye zimi ezandleni zabo, zisehla. Kwakuyi-Levitan ovakalise ukuhlangulwa kwabasebenzi beqhwa "i-Chelyuskin", i-flight air Chkalov e-US kunye nempumelelo ye-Arctic ye-Papanin.

Levitan - ilizwi leSoviet Information Bureau

Ngomnyaka we-1941, xa iMfazwe Enkulu yePatriotic yaqala, i- Voice of Information Information Bureau yayingu-Yuri Levitan. Isibhengezo sokuqala kwemfazwe ngoJuni 22 safundwa nguye. Emva koko, iminyaka emine wagubungela imeko ngaphambili. UMarshal Rokossovsky wambona ukuba ilizwi likaLevi lilingana nalo lonke ulwahlulo.

Wathandwa nguHitler waze wachaza "intshaba enye". UStalin wayekuloluhlu ngaphantsi kwenombolo yesibini. Iinkonzo ezikhethekileyo zaseJamani ziye zaphuhlisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo izicwangciso zokubanjelwa kwabaLevi, kodwa iifaskist zazingenakukwazi ukwenza nayiphi na. Kwaye ilizwi likaJamani elizondayo laqhubeka lifunda iifomfa zeSovinformburo. Umvuzo omkhulu wabelwa intloko kaYorri Borisovich. Ngokomnye umthombo - amawaka ayi-100 amanqaku, ngamanye amawaka-200 amanqaku,

Bambalwa abantu abazi isithethi esikhulu selizwe. Ngoko ke, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lwabaLevi, amahemuhemu amanga ayasazeka ngokubonakala kwakhe. Ukongeza, u-Yuri Borisovich wayehlala ekhuselekileyo.

Ukukhutshwa ngokuzikhethela

Ngowe-1941, phakathi kweentetho zaphoqelelwa ukuba zihambe. KwiMfazwe Enkulu yePatriotic, zonke iinqaba zatshatyalaliswa, ngenxa yokuba iibhomi zaseJamani zimelele iimpawu ezibonakalayo. Ngako oko, kwakungenakwenzeka ngokusemthethweni ukuqhubela phambili ukusasazwa. U-Levitan kunye nesibini isaziso, u-Olga Vysotskaya, basuswa eSverdlovsk (ngoku iYekaterinburg).

Ixesha lezempi

I studio e-Urals yayisezantsi. Kwaye umLevi wayefikile kufuphi, kwinqanaba. Kodwa uYury Borisovich wayehlala efihlakele ngokupheleleyo. Abahlobo baseMoscow bavunyelwe ukuba bamtyelele kakhulu. Ulwazi olufunwa nguLevi ukuba lufunde, luvela eMoscow ngefowuni. Kwi studio ye-Sverdlovsk u-Yuri Borisovich wayevakala kunye namafilimu amaninzi eemviwo aphakanyisiwe.

AmaJamani ahluleka ukubhalisa isiteshini esikhulu senomathotholo, kuba isalathisi esivela kwi-studio sathunyelwa kwi-repeater ye-Soviet enamandla kunazo zonke eyayisondele kweLake Shartash. Kwaye izitishi ezininzi zokusasaza zazingqinela uphawu lwangaphambili. Ulwazi malunga nokuba yiLevitan, lugqityiwe emva kweminyaka engama-25. Ngomnyaka we-1943, u-Yuri Borisovich kwakhona, kwiimeko zokunyusa okufihliweyo, wahanjiswa kwenye indawo apho iKomiti yeRadio yeSoviet yayifumane khona - ukuya eKibyshev (ngoku eyiSamara).

"Qaphela! UMoscow ... "

U-Levitan Yuri Borisovich uyisithethi eso sigama saziwa nakwixesha lethu. Nangona ngelo xesha, abanye abazange bazalwe. Kuze kube ngoku, wonke umntu ukhumbula amagama okuqala athi uLeviyathi emva koNqoko kumaNazi: "Qaphela! UMoscow uthi ... ". Wabakhulula ngo-1945, ngoMeyi 9, ngo-21:55. Kwakulo xesha i-Levitan ifunda umbhalo we- Supreme Commander-in-Chief.

Le nkqubo yayiza kusasazwa kwi-studio yeKomiti yeRadio e-GUM. Kodwa i-Levitan ayizange ikwazi ukugqithisa isihlwele ku-Kremlin, nangona uncedo lwempi kunye neyifomu yamapolisa. Kwi-Red Square, ukusuka kubantu abadibeneyo, nokuba i-apple ayinanto yokuwa. Kwafuneka ndisasaze kwi-studio yerediyo.

Emva kwemfazwe

Emva kwemfazwe, kwacatshangelwa ukuba uLeviyiti wayevakalise iincwadana ezimfutshane ze-Sovinformburo kunye nama-bolts angaphezu kwama-120. Ngowe-1950, u-Yuri Borisovich wacelwa ukuba aphinda aphinda aphinda atshintshe inxalenye yeengxelo kwi-archive, kuba ngexesha lemfazwe kwakungenakwenzeka ukubhala phantsi.

Emva kokuphela kwemfazwe, i-Levitan yahlala ihamba njengommemezeli ohamba phambili we-All-Union Radio. Ngomnyaka we-1953 wafunda iibhengeti kwizempilo likaStalin. Kwaye ngo-Matshi 5, u-Yuri Levitan wamemezela ukufa kwakhe.

Kwi-flight ukuya kwindawo ka-Yuri Gagarin Umyalezo kwirediyo wabuye wavakaliswa ngummemezeli oyintloko. U-Yuri Borisovich ufunde ingxelo zeburhulumenteni, iholele iingxelo ezininzi ezivela kwiNdlu yaseKremlin neRed Square.

U-Levitan ungomnye wabathathi-nxaxheba ekudaleni iindaba zeendaba kunye nesandi seencwadi. Kwiprogram ethi "I-Minute of Silence" itekisi yafundwa nguLevi. Waqhuba inkqubo yerediyo malunga nee-letters of war veterans. Kule minyaka, u-Yuri Borisovich wasebenzisa iiprogram ezingama-60,000.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, u-Yuri Borisovich wayevale iifilimu ezifihlakeleyo malunga neentlobo zangaphambili. Ezi ifilimu zenzelwe isangqa esincinci segama lesigqeba sesigqeba, abasebenzi beziko lemisebenzi yophando kunye nemikhosi.

Ubomi bomntu

Ubomi bomntu, ngelishwa, u-Yuri Borisovich akazange asebenze. Watshata ngo-1938 ngoRaisa, umfundi weZiko leeLwimi zangaphandle. Wayeyintombazana enhle kakhulu. Ngo-1940 babenentombi, eyayibizwa ngokuthi nguNatalia.

Ekuqaleni, intsapho yakutsha yayihlala kwindlu yokuhlala kunye neKremlin. Emva koko bathuthela kwindlu ehlukeneyo esitalatweni. Gorky (ngoku iTverskaya). URaisa noRuri bahlala ndawonye iminyaka eli-11 kuphela, baza baqhawula umtshato. U-Yuri Borisovich ucebise ukuba abe ngumhlobo. Kwiminyaka emininzi emva kokuqhawula umtshato, wagcina ubudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nonkosikazi wakhe, kodwa kunye nomyeni wakhe omtsha.

Wayemele umlingane wangaphambili kwiinkampani njengomzala. Okwesibini, uLevitan akazange ashade kwakhona. Wahlala nentombi yakhe uNatasha noninazala, owamthanda nje waza wazama ukudala ikhaya elihle. Kamva, unyana kaNataliya uBoris wazalwa. Kodwa isithuba sakhe sasiphelile. Ngo-2006, unyana wakhe wabulawa kwindlu yakhe.

Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, u-Yudka Berkovich Levitan wayenomoya ophantsi nangaphantsi. Abaphathi banquma ukuba ilizwi lakhe linxulumene neziganeko ezingavamile. Kwaye akunamsebenzi kumntu "owayelizwi elinika ithemba" ukufunda ngeziphumo zokuvuna. Ngenxa yoko, uLevitan waqala ukuqeqesha abatitshala abathintekayo, abafundisa ubugcisa bokuthetha.

U-Yuri Borisovich wayedla ngokudibana nama-veteran, watyelela ezininzi iziganeko ezazinikezelwa kwiMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic. Kwabaninzi, ilizwi lakhe laba luthandekile kwaye lingcwele. Ngebudeni beminyaka yemfazwe, kwafumana amandla okulwa nama-fascists. Ukufunda kwakhe kwakunempembelelo enamandla kubantu abaphulaphuli. Ngonyaka ka-2009, ifilimu ebonwayo yadutshulwa, yazinikezelwa ku-Levitan kwi-series ethi "Heroes and Villains".

Ukufa kwesithethi esona sikhulu selizwe

Ngowe-1983, u-Yuri Borisovich waqalisa iingxaki ezinzulu zenhliziyo. Kodwa ummemezeli oyintloko ongumLevi, onobomi bakhe obunxulumene neminyaka yemfazwe, Kuvunyelwene ukuthetha ngethuba lomnyaka wama-40 wokukhululwa kweBelgorod kunye ne-Eagle. Kwakukho ngo-Agasti. Le nyanga yayitshisa kakhulu, i-thermometer ibonise ngaphezulu kwama-40 degrees. Ekunene kwirediyo yomkhosi, eyayibanjelwe kwilali. UBessonovka, kamva emva kokuthetha kwakhe uLevitan wabuhlungu wagula. Akakwazanga ukugcinwa.

U-Levitan Yuri Borisovich wafa ngo-Agasti 4, 1983 kwidolophana yaseBessonovka. Isizathu sokufa sisifo senhliziyo. Ngelo xesha, uLevitan wayeneminyaka engama-68 ubudala. Oogqirha, xa athatyathwe kwidolophana waya esibhedlele, wayengasenceda u-Yuri Borisovich. U-Levitan wangcwatyelwa emathuneni eMoscowvichye eMoscowvichye kwi-site yesi-10.

Amanqanaba kunye namabhaso

Ngowe-1973 no-1980 iminyaka. U-Levitan wanikezelwa ngesihloko soMculi wabantu be-RSFSR kunye ne-USSR, kwaye ngumsebenzi wokuqala we-omsakazo ukufumana ezo ntlonelo. U-Yuri Borisovich - Umculi ohloniphekileyo we-RSFSR, wanikwa imiyalelo emithathu kunye neemali ezininzi.