Artist Isaak Ilich Levitan: biography, ubuchule

Artist Isaak Ilich Levitan wazalelwa kwidolophu Kybartai (Lithuania) ngo-Agasti 1860. Malunga ebuntwaneni bakhe, phantse akazange ungaxeleli mntu, ngoko ulwazi malunga eli xesha inzala yakhe yokuphila ngasekhohlo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba uyise wakhe ngandlel bambalwa kakhulu abasebenzi nzima ukunika abantwana imfundo esemgangathweni. Isaac Levitan, ogama biography luqala ukufika e Moscow, walandela ekhondweni umntakwabo womzobi, lowo wamthabatha naye imiboniso emoyeni evulekileyo, phezu iziketshi. Xa ndandineminyaka elishumi uIsake bamkelwe esikolweni art.

abafundisi ezinkulu

Ekubeni ootitshala inkwenkwe lucky kakhulu, kodwa ngokubanzi, yonke iminyaka yoqeqesho amenza le nquleqhu. Yena ngelo xesha wayeyinkedama, akukho namnye unako ukwenza into ukumnceda, zonke iingxaki kweli phakade uselula, kwakuyimfuneko ukuba isigqibo. Loo brilliant landscape opeyintayo uIsake Levitan ngobomi kwakunzima. Ukukwazi nangoko ukubona ukuba kuphawuleka, ekubeni ootitshala kakhulu: Vasily Polenov kunye Alexey Savrasov - babe bona waxelela amagama zonke ezi amagcisa. Ngaphezu koko, ngutitshala, umzekelo, Savrasov kwancamisa, laqeqesha lonke iqela labafundi ezigqwesileyo: Nesterov, bobabini Korovin, Svetoslavsky Stepanov ...

Levitan, ogama engobomi ichazwe kweli nqaku, wayevakalelwa ukuba yonke into lula, kwaye rhoqo ukoyika ndandifeketha na, esebenza nzima ixesha elide, efuna isimbo sakhe. Iminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo ubudala wathabatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso lwemizobo zakhe yaye ngoko nangoko baqalisa ukuthetha. Isaac Ilich Levitan nangoko yaba zesiganeko awayeza inkcubeko Russian. Njengoko opeyintayo Levitan waba nxanelwe ulwazi kakhulu, kodwa wafunda uhlobo ngaphandle sokuhlaziya kubhaliwe kwezonyango, wathetha ngokungathi inkoloseko yayo. Kwaye akukho mntu proznal ukususela weemfihlakalo zakhe ezininzi, njengokuba Levitan.

biography

Le artist akazange ungathanda ukuya kude zasendle lomthonyama, babehlala becala e Moscow, wasebenza kumaphondo saseTver kunye eMoscow, ezimbini eCrimea kunye eninzi - ". Association of the ziimbacu" kwi iVolga, njengoko ilungu Soloko baphila ngokuzolileyo, akukho ixesha ubunewunewu, ngokuba umsebenzi ukuthatha lonke ixesha, onke amandla bonke nothando. Nazi wonke umsebenzi lokuphefumla ubomi awayidalayo Levitan - biography yeyona nto nakanjani.

Umbono kunye nemvakalelo

Wakoyisa iindibano nqanaba yomhlaba yothando, maxa wambi lokusinda abahlobo ngabelusi. Indoda ngokungaqhelekanga novelwano zonke zibonisa uhlobo zonke obubonakala, igcisa I. I. Levitan nokupeyinta yakhe - nganye! - ukuba lonke ixesha providchestvo, "ukufunda" amava. Nabaculi esimnyama egqibeleleyo.

Kwi ekumeni Levitan waba 'iliso ngokupheleleyo "okanye" imvakalelo epheleleyo. " Kunjalo watercolors, nayo eliveza kakuhle isimo kanye zemibongo, nto leyo ngumongo nesenzeko zobugcisa wendalo. Xa watercolors Levitan, ogama ubume zisoloko uthembeke kakhulu, uphambuke ezintethweni iinkcukacha, kodwa ngokukhuselekileyo ngokuchanileyo wadlulisela mood ukuba Umsebezela umfanekiso indalo.

ifilosofi

"Landscapes Mood" Levitan na Ukwanda enqabileyo ngokwasengqondweni, ukuba utyalo inxalenye enkulu umphefumlo womntu. Wayesazi ukuba ukujonga njani na uhlobo ngokunga yagxila zonke iimfihlelo yobukho (sobulumko owuthandayo lo womzobi Schopenhauer yaba, ngasendleleni, ecacisa ngokuchanileyo kakhulu ukuba ubuchule bakhe). ukupeyinta Levitan kaThixo bayamkela ezinye ezintsha ze impressionism, kodwa ke igcisa akazange angandinikezela ekuhlambululeni novuyo yokukhanya kunye nombala, kuba akazange ahlale ixesha elide esangqeni lwemifanekiso yamandulo Russian, esoloko kunyanzeleka ukuba sizalwa zigutyungelwe imiphefumlo yethu 'ulangazelelo ihlabathi. "

Nkqu ekuqaleni isebenza kuphela lyrical. Artist I. I. Levitan nokupeyinta yakhe "Autumn imini. Sokolniki", njengoko zivulekile ukuba ixesha lakhe lokuqala uyilo. Xa ekuvuthweni, i Levitan, waba inkosi yomhlaba, bafunde nokuba yileya elula ibuye ibe umfanekiso wendlela eli lizwe. ubuchule oqolileyo Levitan ivula "Birch Grove". Ebudeni yonke iminyaka yobomi bakhe amaxesha ngamaxesha ilanga kwafika kude kunye ngemizobo yakhe, kunye nenkangeleko zidalwe, ezele ivuso kabuhlungu lusizi nesizungu. Umzobi wabandezeleka kakhulu, iingcinga kufa zange ashiye kuye. Noko ke, ukuba ziphathwe eItali, akazange aye. "Kuyinto kuphela Russian yaye ukusebenza indawo yokwenene," - Wachaza.

Golden benzisa

imisebenzi bumbongorha spiritualized ebhaliweyo Levitan xa uhamba kunye iVolga kunye abathululi nabo. "Ixesha Volzhsky" Levitan kuba impembelelo okudala ifana "Boldino ekwindla" Pushkin. Sviyazhsk Antiquities, Old Likholwa awele phezu komlambo, ubuhle amageduka ngemvelo esemantla, kwizikolo ezikude kakhulu kuzo zonke oluchumileyo, ofayo, engeyomfuneko - ukuba afumaneka khona umzobi I. I. Levitan. Kwaye umfanekiso wakhe wazalelwa - a real, bemiqondiso - "Phumla ongunaPhakade".

Imizobo ye yamangcwaba ishiywe luncedo ukuqala umsebenzi sisincoko, ngoko ke imane real rhoqo kwenzeka, kodwa wanika umzobi depth ongaqhelekanga kunye nobukhulu, yaye umhlaba ubudlelane bethu bunaye esibhakabhakeni, enika kwelentshona ye-iVolga wamnika, wayetshona ngokuhlwa purple. Ukongeza kule landscape Levitan, wabhala ezininzi - elihle, efudumeleyo, eqaqambileyo, luzele imifanekiso: ". Evening Gold Reach" "Sangokuhlwa kwi iVolga", "Emva Rain", "umoya omtsha", kodwa ngokwenene boqobo, kakuhle yaziwa, i kukho ukubona bonke aba kunjalo, yena - "ukuphumla engunaphakade".

iinkcukacha

Kulo mfanekiso, kukho yonke: le cwaka, kwaye ngokuxokozela elinzima yesezantsi intsimbi omkhulu, yaye uxolo ezinzima, kunye nentshukumo engapheliyo ebomini. Grey, amandla ebandayo lomlambo kuboniswa ngokungathi kubude yokusabela intaka, kwaye iphiko wanaba phezu promontory emxinwa kwamanzi kuso yayimalunga ibandla elincinane ubudala, yaye kunye naye - a yamangcwaba. Kwaye umoya hinkwayo kwaye Isenokusiqiqisa eziqwenga ezincotsheni-Aspen, nkqu iminqamlezo axis, kubonakala phantsi koxinzelelo yayo.

Kodwa itempile window uba eliqaqambileyo ngokuqaqambileyo kulo amanzi amdaka kunye mauve emnyama elundini ngathi lighter. Nantsi indawo yokuphumla okhoyo ngonaphakade ihlabathi, leyo wadalwa nguMdali: le umoya, kubonakala, kungekhona gquba fu, kungekhona milk Aspen, kunye nexesha ngokwalo njengokutshayelwa phezu kwembonakalo ngokukhawuleza nasekugqibeleni. Akukho uphawu olunye wobukho babantu kulo mhlaba apho. Kukho isithuba kuphela apho umphefumlo akanazintloni okanye ubuncinane ngeenkcukacha okanye nobukhulu behlabathi. Ngoko ke umfanekiso Levitan ukwaphula ukuvumelana jikelele.

malunga nendlela

kanye Ingcamango isimbo - isigaba transpersonal. Iqala umsebenzi ukupeyinta, igcisa kwabonakala ukuba bangene kulo mdlalo ecetywayo, ukwamkela amagama ayo. Kakade ke, yena unelungelo lokuba bavukelane kwezi meko, ukuba ukuphikisa nabo yindlela yokubhala. Kwenzeka into efanayo kunye Levitan. Xa imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala - "The Village," "Road ukuya ehlathini," "Usuku Autumn kwi Sokolniki", "Amanzi Mill", "Hamba ka Ostankino", "Garden kwikhephu", "Landscape of Dali." Kwaye abanye - ubonisa ngokucacileyo indlela Art Nouveau nangona "transpersonal", ngokungqalileyo.

isikolo eMoscow ngemigaqo ukupeyinta, Kakade ke, kugcwele. Noko ke, kule umboniso ikhankanywe apha ngentla "Phumla ongunaPhakade", indawo eliphezulu le nokucamngca Levitan yentanda, isimbo mihla uzenza impela kakhulu. Nangona khetha nasiphi isimbo elinye akunakwenzeka umsebenzi wakhe. Paintings Levitan - uphendlo engenasiphelo. Apha kwaye zisaqhubeka romanticism, kunye ngokoqobo (nenkangeleko kakhulu!), Ke imiqondiso, kunye impressionism nobuGcisa Nouveau kunye Expressionism, kodwa bathi kuphela unxulumano densest zobugcisa. Levitan belulungiselelwe ukufaka imveliso isisusa kwisimo sazo sendalo, kwaye ukuvakalisa njani, wayesazi ezahlukeneyo yaye ngabo bonke kuyimfuneko.

Ukubunjwa kunye nefomu

Compositionally umsebenzi Levitan isonjululwe imifuziselo classical, apho kukho ulungelelwano, a grafizm uhlobo. Le yokuqamba yahlulwe oonxantathu olunemiqathango. Umzekelo: ilungelo ongaphambili - elunxwemeni, ngoko ke - wemka, waya emlanjeni, ngoko - kwakhona phezu kodonga lasekunene kwelivi, iingcongolo elungeleleneyo ngasekhohlo njengoko kwavezwa kunina emlanjeni. Yonke le yokwakha izaliswa izikhephe ezibini, onesimo kubonakala ukuqhubeka othambekele ukuya kumgca kunina kulo. Ngenxa yoko, iinxalenye ezimbini ezidityanisiweyo sisincoko hayi ulingano engqongqo, kodwa kunokuba balance.

Umthamo kunye nesithuba kwaye basebenzisane eziqulathwe kakhulu ngokucacileyo bokwakha, kodwa ukupeyinta Dolno into efana oku kuyenzeka - in lulwahlulo imvelaphi kunye sifundo. Wathi uIsake Levitan wabhala umfanekiso yasekwindla! Bungqina iphawulekayo oku. Imithi ejonga onamandla kunene, amanzi - hayi nje ngaphaya, kodwa zimanzi, kwaye izikhephe phezu kwayo, nkqu oluncinane, ukude, wabona ngaphakathi emgongxweni, kulula kwaye zindanda phezu kwamanzi.

Umbala nokukhanya

Ozithandayo lomculi umbala - eluhlaza wakwazi onokusaphula ube abangasekhoyo kweshumi of a yepeyinti elinye nesmarado-eluhlaza. Nkqu izithunzi engazange ebhalwe emnyama. umaleko obhityileyo njengeceba - ngathi bafuna Levitan yanendumasi engaka ubuhle intle indalo zabo. Ukuzalana umbala kunye artist ukukhanya uziva okuqaqambileyo: umzekelo, ukukhanya blue lenyanga zinokukhuliswa nokuba kancinci eluhlaza uba nemisonto emsi, yaye amanzi ebonisa moya ukukhanya. In Levitan umbala aliyeki ukuba obukhulu, yezinto ebuya umva, mnyama kancinci kakhulu.