Kuyo yonke i -Peninsula yase - Iberia yi- Renaissance, Renaissance. Abantu badelela into eseleyo - i-Middle Ages emnyama, yabona ukukhanya kwezinto zobugcisa basendulo, kunye neengcali zabo eziye zavusa ixesha. Kodwa leli lizwe lihlulwe kwizinto ezincinci. Kwaye eRashiya ngexesha elinye, umzekelo, ijoka laseMongol sele liye lahla, kwaye ilizwe lifuna ubumbano, iqokelela eMoscow. Ezi nkqubo ezifanayo zilapha eFransi, engekabikho, kodwa i-gravitation ukuya kwelinye liziko sele licetywayo. NjengaseNgilani.
E-Italy, masiyibize ngokwenjenjalo, ngokuba akukho nto i-Italia isekelwe, kwaye ixesha elide kuya kuba negazi lokubulala ngokutsha ukubuyiswa kwempahla, apho umbusi onobukrakra nowekratshi waseMilan, unxuwa lokubulala igazi, obulawa eneminyaka engama-33 ngokuthe ngqo enkonzweni YeCawa. Washiya emva kwakhe, kuquka, kunye nentombi engekho mthethweni, obizwa ngokuba nguKaterina Sforza. Le nkwenkwezi ingxangxangxangqangi ingena kwimbali yaseItali.
Umtshato wokuqala
Yena, ongekho mthethweni, wayenenhlanhla. Wakhuliswe ngokugqibeleleyo, kunye nabo bonke abantwana bobukhosi, wayenobukeka obumnandi, oyingqiqo engaqhelekanga kunye nesicatshulwa sezinyithi, ephethe iswekile. UCatherine u-Sforza otshatileyo waphuma kakuhle: ngenxa yomntakwabo kwaye, njengoko bethetha, unyana wePapa oqaqambileyo uStikst IV, uGirolamo Riario, naye akasemthethweni. Kwidala lomtshakazi wayeneli dolophu yaseImola. Kwaye-ke isipho esivela kuyise-isixeko saseForli. Wonke umntu uyayibona uCatherine njengenye yamantombazana ahle kakhulu kwaye anhle kakhulu. Ulutsha olutsha luhlala eRoma, apho umyeni wakhe ekhonza khona. Kodwa indoda, ukunyuka nokuhaha, akwanele. Watshatyalalisa imali efuneka ihlawulwe kumajoni, wagqiba ukunyanisana neMedia. Oku akuzange kudlule nto. Uchungechunge lweziqhinga ezingaphumeleli lwawela phezu kwentsapho. Kwaye ke umfokazi wabo uyafa, umbonisi uStystst IV. Le ntlekele ayiyiyo yonwabileyo. Bonke abo babemthanda kuye batyhutshiswa baze baphangiwe. Kodwa umfazi omdala oneminyaka engamashumi amabini ubudala ubonisa umlinganiso aze athabathe isikhali ezandleni zakhe inqaba kaSanta Angela. Kulapho, ekuvinjelweni, uhlala yodwa, engenaye indoda ehamba kwi-Forli. Akayikuyeka ixesha elide de usongelwe ukuba iingxaki ezininzi ziya kuziswa kumyeni wakhe. Kwaye iingxaki ngelo xesha zazixhatshazwa kwaye zahlukana. Yaye kamva kamva kulungelelwe uceba u-Count Imola kunye noForli Girolamo. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-45 ubudala, wabulawa ngaphambi kokuba umfazi wakhe amehlo aze ahlambuluke aphonswe ngaphandle kwindwangu yebhotwe. Ukusuka kuye umfazi wayenentombi kunye noonyana abane. U-Countess uCaterina Sforza kunye nabantwana babanjwe. Bafuna ukuba alahle ipropati yakhe-Forli no-Imola. Wathembisa umbulali womyeni wakhe ukuba amncede athathe inqaba kwisixeko esingayekiyo xa evunyelwe ukuthetha kunye nomlawuli, kwaye washiya abantwana babanjwe. Kodwa iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu ubudala uKaterina Sforza (isithombe) yayingeyona into elula. Ingelosi eyicingayo neyentliziyo, ephethe izimbali ezandleni zayo, yajika yaba yintsikelelo kwindawo ekhuselekileyo yatshutshisa isijeziso esibuhlungu ngenxa yokubulala indoda yakhe. Kwaye abantwana, ngokuqinisekileyo kubo, unabo bahlanu, ukhulelwe kwesithandathu, naye uyazala abantwana abatsha. Ukwazi umkhosi wemikhosi oya ku-countess evela kumalume wakhe, abacebisi babalekela. Ngoko uKaterina Sforza wabuyela kuye ngokwakhe u-Imola kunye no-Forli, ngoko ke, ukuqokelela amandla, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukubuyisela ukufa komyeni wakhe kunye nokuthotywa kwakhe. Iintshaba zazixhonywa kwindwangu enye apho indoda yakhe yawa khona, ngoko bawasika iintambo apho baxhomeke khona, kwaye isihlwele phantsi kweefestile satshisa imizimba yazo. Izindlu apho bahlala khona, bachithwa ngokupheleleyo, izalamane ezixhatshazwa kakubi. Ipropati yabo yahlula phakathi kwabampofu.
Umtshato wesibini
Ukuhlala kwirejista, umgcini wendodana yakhe endala, ubalekile usebenza ngokutsha ekuguquleni irhafu, ukuguqula umkhosi, eqonda ukuba izinto zakhe ezincinci zibaluleke kakhulu kwaye zifunwa ngumntu ofuna ukufumana iItali. Nangona kunjalo, akazange asuse izicathulo zakhe, kodwa akadluli omnye umnyaka emva kokufa komyeni wakhe, njengoko uthando lwawa ngobunzima bakhe. Kwakuyixesha leemvakalelo zethando kumntu okhethiweyo engazange azi malunga nolonwabo. Umninimzi oneminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo ubudala wayenobuqili kwaye uyasebenza. Wakwazi ukuzuza ngokukhawuleza kwimeko yakhe. Okokuqala, isibini esitshatileyo (ukuze singalahleki ukukwazi ukulawula umhlaba wabo kwaye singabaniki unyana wabo), okwesibini, waba ngumcebisi wokuqala wobuqili kuyo yonke into kwaye walandela imali yakhe. Kulo mtshato, unyana kaCarlo, obizwa ngokuba nguFaro ukumkani , uzalwa . U kumkani unikela umxholo weBaron waseFransi. Kuba abantwana sele bekhulile, le meko yeendaba ayithandi nhlobo. Kwiminyaka eyisixhenxe ulonwabo lwakhe lwaluhlala, kodwa oonyana bakhe bafumene abo abachaphazelekayo kumyeni wakhe ku-Countess Imola noForli babonakala beqine kakhulu. Umyeni wam wabulawa phambi kukaKaterina. Kwaye kwafuneka ukuba abaleke. Kodwa ngokukhawuleza walungisa ngomoya. IiRabi kunye nokuzimisela kwakungenamkhawulo xa befumanisa ukuba uceba lwalubandakanya oonyana abasuka kumtshato wokuqala wase-Ottavio noCesare. Kodwa ngaphandle kwezi zimbini zihlazo, usenabantwana abahlanu. Ababini babo, beqhaqhazela ngokuthukuthela, bathumela kwii-casemates, baza bahlutha ababulali, bawagxotha kunye nazo zonke iintsapho zabo ngenceba, bengenalo inceba.
Umtshato wesithathu
Kodwa emva konyaka u-countess wayekhangeleka kwaye wayenomdla. Iintshaba ezingunaphakade zamaMedici, zigqiba ukunikela uxolo, zathumela umthunywa wazo uGiovanni de Medici. Wayemthanda umhlolokazi waza wamthanda. Le ntokazi ifezekisa ngokulula yonke into ayifunayo. Ngomtshato, imvume yonyana omkhulu endala yayimfuneko, kwaye, ngokusobala, wayenqabileyo, wayinika. Iminyaka emibini yahlala ubomi obuthile, umntwana wesibhozo wokugqibela, inkwenkwana uGiovanni, wazalwa, kodwa indoda, egule ngesifo esingaziwa, yafa. Kwangamashumi amathathu anesihlanu umhlolokazi waphinde waba ngumhlolokazi.
Ukwabiwa komhlaba komhlaba kaFerudal
U-Forlì no-Imola, amabutho aseCesare Borgia aqala ukuqhubeka. I-Countess yayilungiselela ukuvinjelwa kwi-Forli, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo yayikholelwa ukuba abemi baseImola babeza kulwa nemikhosi yabanqobi. Kodwa ke, ukuzonda ubalekele kunye nentsapho yonke yaseSforza, bazinikela ngokukhawuleza izitshixo baze bavumele ukuba amaqela aye kubo. Isiqhamo saxosha isixeko sakhe sangaphambili kwisikhonkoni. UBorgia, emva kokuzama ukuphumelela ukufumana ingqungquthela, ibanjwe i-Forli kunye nesibalo, apho yena waphuthuma ngokukhawuleza.
Isiqhamo sasiyiswa eRoma, siboshwe kwiinqetyambo zegolide ezincinci, size siphoswe emqolombeni we-Saint Angela. Wahlala khona malunga nonyaka, ekhulile kunye namafutha.
Wayengenayo indawo yomntu, waza waya ezweni lakubo, indoda yakhe yokugqibela, waya eFlorence. Wayelapho elinde abantwana. Wachitha iminyaka elisithoba yokugqibela kunye nabo. Wasebenzisa ngamandla ubomi bakhe uKaterina Sforza. Ubume bakhe bokuba ukhumbula kolu suku, nangona iikholeji ezintlanu ziphelile.
Kukho umxholo ongaqinisekanga wokuthi umfanekiso kaM Mona Lisa ubonisa uKatarina Sforza. Ixesha lokuqala kwendalo yomfanekiso kunye nokuhlala kukaCatarina eFlorence kuhambelana. Kodwa le yinto enye yeengcinga. Ehlabathini lonke iLennard Lernard, yonke into ifihliweyo.
Umntwana wokugqibela
Abantwana bakaCatherine Sforza abazange bahlale kwimbali. Kodwa uGiovanni de 'Medici, unyana womtshato wokugqibela, nguye obalaseleyo kubantwana bakhe abasibhozo. UMacavavelli wayemhlonela kwaye wacinga ukuba xa umntu enako ukuhlanganisa i-Italy ibe yinto enye, uGiovanni. Xa unina wafa, wayeneminyaka elilishumi elinanye ubudala, kwaye kwaze kwaba kweleshumi elinesixhenxe umgcini wakhe wayengumhlobo, ibhanki. Umntwana wayemdla kuphela kwimisebenzi yempi kwaye akukho nto. Wafa iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesibhozo emva kwesilonda ekulweni. Kodwa wamshiya unyana kaCosimo, owathi uKosimo, emva koko waba nguDuke waseTuscany. Ukusuka eChomo, intsapho yaseMedici kuqala iya kutshata noMaria de 'Medici kunye nendlu yasebukhosini yaseFransi, kwaye ngezala yakhe iya kuba yinkokheli yemizalwane yamakhosi yaseYurophu.
UKaterina Sforza wayengumsebenzi wexesha lakhe: uhlamvu lwesinyithi, inkathazo kunye neengqungquthela, ukunyaniseka nokukhwabanisa, ukukhawuleza ukubulala. Kwaye kwanaye kwinqanawa, wayengafuni ukulingana. Wayesoloko enomkhonto ebhanti lakhe. Yena, ukuba wayengenakwenyaniso kumadoda akhe, wawafihla ngobuchule. Kubantwana, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni, wayenomdla kwaye ethembisa. Ukufa kwiminyaka emashumi mane anesihlanu kuyimvelo kwithuba apho kwakungekho nesikhuselo eside.