Multifactorial sifo, izakhi kunye yolwaphulo

izifo Gene ebizwa kubonakaliswa owahlukeneyo kwezonyango iqela izifo ezibangelwa yimpembelelo yemfuza kwinqanaba sofuzo. Kufuneka kwakhona ukuqwalasela iqela ukuphazamiseka zofuzo yemfuza ezivelayo nokuphuhlisa kwisiqalo yomonakalo kwi izixhobo yemfuza iiseli, kunye nempembelelo yeemeko ezibi yokusingqongileyo.

Zintoni izifo multifactorial amafa

Ngokukodwa, eli qela kwezifo nshita enye ngokucacileyo izifo sofuzo. isifo Multifactorial ziqala ukubonakala phantsi imiba engentle yokusingqongileyo. Abanye abaphengululi kungenzeka ukuba sifuze kungenzeki ngonaphakade ngaphandle kokuba naziphi na iimeko zokusingqongileyo.

Umyalezo kunye nemfuza zezifo multifactorial unzima kakhulu, imvelaphi kwaye isakhiwo multistage inokuba nomahluko kwimeko nganye isifo esithile.

Imihlobo multifaktorianyh ezimbi

Ngokuqhelekileyo multifactorial izifo amafa lungohlulwa lube:

• malformations enjengozalwayo;
• ukugula ngengqondo kunye nesimilo luvo;
• nezifo ezinxulumene-ubudala.

Kuxhomekeka inani genes ababandakanyekayo kule pathology zizakubalulwa:

• Izifo Monogenic - kuba sofuzo omnye mutated, nto leyo idala ukuthambekela isifo esithile. Ukuze esi sifo kulo mzekelo ziqala ukukhula, kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuba kwenziwe into ethile kokusingqongileyo. Oku kunokuba, imichiza, isiphumo emzimbeni zebhayoloji okanye amayeza. Ukuba akubangakho into ethile, nokuba isakhi njengesi kukuthi, isifo akayi kukhule. Ukuba umntu akanayo isakhi yayintsholongwane eyosulela, kodwa ekucaca ukuba iimeko zangaphandle zokusingqongileyo, esi sifo nazo kuvuka.
• izifo Polygenic ilifa okanye ukungaqheleki multifactorial isifo egqitywe sofuzo ezininzi. Action imikhwa multifactorial inokuba discontinuous okanye oluqhubekayo. Kodwa nayiphi na ezizifo kwenzeka kuphela impefumlelwano yemfuza ezininzi yayintsholongwane eyosulela kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo. iimpawu Normal yabantu, ezifana ubukrelekrele, ubude, ubunzima, umbala eluswini, ziimpawu eqhubekayo multifactorial. malformations akhethekileyo awodwa bekhubazekile (Umlebe zicandeke nenkalakahla), isifo sentliziyo azalwa, iziphene uvaleke, polirostenoz, lwegazi, isifo isilonda Peptic, nabanye kuba nezinga eliphezulu emizalwaneni olusondeleyo ngaphezu kubemi ngokubanzi. isifo Multifactorial, imizekelo apho zidweliswe ngasentla "baphuke" neempawu multifactorial.

uphethwe MD

Ukuhlola isifo multifactorial kunye nendima yofuzo ukunceda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zophando. Ngokomzekelo, isifundo sentsapho, apho ku oogqirha practice, ingcamango "yentsapho umhlaza", oko kukuthi imeko apho phakathi Tari_pedigree olunye akuba ngokuphindaphindiweyo amatyala sisifo esibulalayo emizalwaneni.

Oogqirha kubhenela isifundo amawele. Le ndlela Ayikho enye, yenza kube lula ukusebenza kunye ngedatha ethembekileyo malunga nohlobo ilifa zesi sifo.

Ukufunda izifo multifactorial, izazinzulu ezininzi sinikele ingqalelo ekufundweni unxibelelwano phakathi sifo kunye nenkqubo yemfuza, kunye analysis nemvelaphi yakhe.

iikhrayitheriya gumbini for MDs

• Degree ubudlelwane kunefuthe elingqalileyo amathuba sifo emizalwaneni, oko kukuthi, i-nwebu isihlobo kwisigulana (ngokwemimiselo yemfuza), kokukhona okuba sifo.
• Inani lezigulane entsatsheni ichaphazela umngcipheko wezifo emizalwaneni yesigulana.
• Ubungqongqo sifo ilungu losapho elichaphazelekayo ichaphazela abantu abane yemfuza.

Izifo ezinxulumene multifactorial

Kuba izifo multifactorial ziquka:

- isifuba inyumoniya - sisifo esekelwe umtshiso esinganyangekiyo komzimba le bronchi. Oko kukhatshwa ukungahlaliseki ye imiphunga kunye isahlakalo ngamaxesha of uxhuzula dyspnea okanye ukomiwa.

- Isifo isilonda Peptic sisifo relapsing esinganyangekiyo. Luphawulwa ukuyilwa izilonda esiswini kunye duodenum ngenxa ukuhlukunyezwa iindlela jikelele nowengingqi nervous system kunye humoral.

- Isifo seswekile, ngexesha isiganeko iquka imiba ngaphakathi nangaphandle ezibangela ukuphazamiseka kwendlela ekudleni ukutya. Kwisehlo Isifo kakhulu izinto ezibangela uxinezeleko, usuleleko, kwentlungu, uqhaqho. ubungozi inokuba amagciwane, izinto eziyityhefu, utyebile, kwemithambo yegazi, sinciphise eyahlukahlukeneyo.

- isifo sentliziyo Uqhaqho wentliziyo - yinto sisiphumo unciphiso okanye ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo igazi engabalulekanga. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yeenkqubo zophendlo lwezifo nasezimpahleni ivaleke.

Uthintelo kwezifo multifactorial

zothintelo Types isilumkiso isahlakalo kunye nophuhliso izifo sofuzo kwaye iziphene kunokuba lokuqala, lesibini nelesithathu.

Ifom ephambili lothintelo ejoliswe kukhulelwa umntwana egulayo. Oku kubonakala okucwangcisa nokuzalwa kunye ukuphuculwa kwemeko yabantu.

Uthintelo Secondary ejoliswe nokupheliswa ukukhulelwa, ukuba amathuba esi sifo kwimveku mkhulu okanye kwafunyaniswa prenatally sele ifakiwe. kuba loo mihla isigqibo kunokuba isifo njengelifa. Oku kwenzeka kuphela imvume bhinqa ngendlela ngexesha.

uhlobo ePhakamileyo yothintelo kwezifo zamafa lujoliswe ekulweni uphuhliso sifo umntwana sele wazalelwa kunye kubonakaliswa kakhulu. Olu hlobo yothintelo kuthiwa normokopirovaniem nayo. Yintoni na? Olu ekukhuleni komntwana enempilo kunye kweejini izifo. Normokopirovanie kunye izakhiwo zonyango ezifanelekileyo yenziwe Esibelekweni okanye emva kokuzalwa.

Prevention kunye neefom lwayo

Uthintelo kwezifo zamafa iphunyeziwe fom zilandelayo:

1. Ukucetyiswa zonyango genetic - yinto ingqalelo yezonyango ezizodwa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, omnye lweentlobo eziphambili nokuthintelwa kwezifo sofuzo kwaye yemfuza. Kuba ngeengcebiso ngezemvelo, nceda uqhagamshelane:

• Abazali enempilo wazala umntwana, apho omnye wabalingane uye sifo;
• usapho abantwana usempilweni, kodwa abaye izalamane kunye nezifo amafa;
• nabazali abalwela ukwenza uqikelelo kwimpilo abazalwana okanye oodade womntwana ogulayo;
• abasetyhini abakhulelweyo sengozini enkulu yokuba usana kunye nempilo engaqhelekanga.

2. okhulelwe isifo kuthiwa ukuzimisela siswini kwezifo iziphene okanye ilifa yosana olungekazalwa. Ngokubanzi, bonke abafazi abakhulelweyo kufuneka umana ukuphelisa izifo njengelifa. Isebenzisa uviwo ultrasound, iimvavanyo kwemichiza of serum kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Ubungqina obubonakalayo buxela ukuba kuyokufunyaniswa isifo siswini kungaba:

• phambi ekhaya ngokuchanileyo nokuxilonga izifo amafa;
• yobudala koomama ngaphezu kweminyaka 35;
• izisu avele yangaphambili kwabasetyhini, kunye oonobangela lichaza ifile.

ukubaluleka yothintelo

Medical Genetics minyaka yonke luyaphucuka aze anike amathuba okungaphaya ukuthintela isininzi izifo zamafa. usapho nganye kunye neengxaki zempilo ukunika iinkcukacha ngokupheleleyo into abasemngciphekweni yaye ukuba ukubala. Ukwandisa ulwazi basekuhlaleni yemfuza eziphilayo, ukukhuthaza ngendlela esempilweni yobomi kuzo zonke izigaba umntu, siya kwandisa amathuba ubomi ophile.

Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, amanzi angcolile, umoya, ukutya kunye mutagenic kunye zizinto umhlaza kwandisa ukwanda kwezifo multifactorial. Ukuba impumelelo yemfuza iza kusetyenziswa kulo mkhuba amayeza, kwaye inani labantwana abazalwa izifo zofuzo ilifa, iya kuncitshiswa, ziya kuba uxilongo kufumaneka kwangoko kunye nonyango eyaneleyo zezigulane.