UMikhail Friedman: A Biography, imisebenzi, usapho

UMikhail Fridman (owazalwa Aprili 21, 1964) - usomashishini enkulu Russian of imvelaphi yamaYuda. Yena USihlalo zokusuphavayiza Board of "Alfa-Group", omnye iinkampani ezinkulu zotyalo-mali zabucala eRashiya. Ngo-2014, "Forbes" magazine yaqikelela ubutyebi bakhe kwi $ 15.6 billion, nto leyo owesibini phakathi kwabantu bazizinhanha eRashiya. njani imeko enjalo kufikelelwe njani uMikhail Fridman? Biography, intsapho apho ke wazalwa waza wakhulela - eza kunceda umfundi aqonde imvelaphi impumelelo yayo yangoku.

Esakhula

Biography Mihaila Fridmana waqalisa, ngathi izigidi namanye amakhwenkwe Soviet. Wazalwa waza wakhulela eLviv, eUkraine. Abazali bakhe, sele abantu abadala, baba iinjineli, yaye uyise wawongwa USSR State Prize for kuphuhliso izixhobo zokuqhuba-moya zomkhosi. Ukuba bavuya kakhulu xa intsapho wazalelwa unyana omncinane. UMikhail Fridman ebuntwaneni zizakubalulwa nenzondelelo kweyobunzululwazi. Ngexesha izifundo zakhe, ngokuphindaphindiweyo liyifumene Olympiads zezikolo physics nakwimathematika.

E Lviv, Misha waphumelela kwisikolo esiphakamileyo ngo-1980. Kwaye ngoko - e Moscow ... wangena le Moscow Institute of Steel and aluminium. Abaninzi kwenzeka kubomi abantu abatshatileyo abafundi abaninzi. Basinde kule ngxaki kunye uMikhail Fridman. Nomkakhe, Irkutyanka Olga ofunda Michael.

Njengomfundi, kuqala kubonakala kunye iLotto zoshishino. Uba ngumququzeleli iidisco zolutsha, mema ukuba iimvumi kunye bards ekuhlawuleni iifizi zabo.

Ukuqala career zoshishino

Emva kokuphumelela ngo-1986, MISA, uMikhail Fridman, waqalisa ukusebenza kwi kwisityalo "Elektrostal" kwidolophu eponymous kufuphi eMoscow. Kodwa ngokuya ngexesha lakhe, yaye xa kwathi, Friedman Zange ndiphoswe mzuzu intle.

Ngowe-1988, waqala ishishini ngokudala iqela abahlobo kwi-Institute of op zokucoca, leyo bazihlamba iifestile, apho wasebenzisa abafundi abaphuma kwiiyunivesithi ezahlukeneyo, abanike ithuba lokuba bafumane ingeniso engaphezulu.

Ukuqalisa "Alfa"

Ekunye German Khan, Alekseem Kuzmichevym kunye Petrom Avenom Mihail Fridman ngo-1989 yena waliseka nkampani yorhwebo "Alpha-ifoto", nto leyo ethengisa iincwadi ukufota, iikhompyutha, yaye kuphela emva koko wabonakala phezu kwimarike eSoviet nangoku copiers.

Kungekudala, ikomkhulu sokuqala emfono kurhwebo nezixhobo ze-ofisi, Friedman sokuyivula kwi siseko bonke Russian oligarchs emveliso - oyile. Isixhobo yokuphatha phesheya kuba hero yethu yinkampani eSoviet-Swiss "Alfa-Eco" - ngere- ikamva "Alfa Group".

uphuhliso nkampani siqhubeka iskim eyinkunzi classical Russian: ukuhamba kwempahla kwendisa ngaphandle, wongezelela iimveliso zesinyithi, umthamo iintengiselwano bafikelele kumgangatho onjalo ukuba Friedmann isakhiwo yoshishino 1991 ungumnikazi kukho "Alfa-Bank", ogama kwibhodi yabalawuli yena neentloko.

Le privatisation TNK - ngusomashishini incopho, Friedman K °

Enyanisweni, eli bali ifanelwe isifundo esahlukileyo. Kodwa ngokufutshane oko ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Kule 90 yee urhulumente ngoko Russian "razdergivaet" manikiniki i "Rosneft" karhulumente-- ekuziseni USSR Minneftegazproma. "Rosneft" ayikhuphi siman ezininzi ezinxulumene nemveliso oyile (kunye namasimi oyile Nizhnevartovsk Tyumen) kunye nolungiso (Ryazan lokubalekela). Ayavumelana kule nkampani eyenziwe ntsha, nto leyo iba Tyumen Oil Company (TNK), kwishishini ngoko ngurhulumente-owned. Ngoko nangoko wathi ithenda uthengiso kunye mveliso ezintathu - abafaki-zicelo TNCs, nto leyo ikhokelwe ezibalaseleyo noosomashishini 'Russian' ixesha: uMikhail Fridman ( "Alfa Group"), V. Vekselberg ( "Ukulungiswa") kunye L. Blavatnik (Access Industries). Ukwenza kube lula ukuba basebenzisane enye kwenye inkqubo babucala, ukuba amanyene yamaqumrhu Alfa Access Ukulungiswa (Aar), nto leyo iba ngo-1997, umnini kwiminyaka TNK elinesithandathu.

Tyumen Oil Company: yokubaleka bejikeleza kwiminyaka eli-16 ubude

Ngeli xesha, abanini naprinimali izisombululo "sibi". Okokuqala, ngo-2003, bona Washumayela kunye neftekorporatsiey "British Petroleum", "TNK-BP" kubume joint, ngoko ngo-2008 ukuya ekufeni baxabana namaqabane baseBritani, kangangokuba ingxabano "isigqibo" kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo eLondon.

Ekugqibeleni, inkokheli Russian Kuye kwacaca ukuba kwintlekele yoqoqosho lwehlabathi le ukusetyenziswa ngabanini, "TNK-BP" ngeke, kwaye ngo-2013 zonke inkampani enye karhulumente-"Rosneft" bathenga phandle abanini British kunye Russian kwezabelo zabo kwishishini ukuzeka kade umsindo. Akukho mntu uya kuthi abemi Russian, kodwa ngowe-1997 ahlawulwe urhulumente Russian ukuba uthengiso TNK Friedman - Vekselberg - Blavatnik. Kodwa nantsi indlela yokuhlawula kuba ukuthengwa "Rosneft" ngo-2012-13, yaziwa kakuhle :. British wathabatha $ 16,65 billion, kwaye Aar yamaqumrhu - kangangoko $ 27,73 billion, nangona ukuba amaqabane ephethwe malunga nama-50% ye nkampani zidityanisiwe.

Ngendlela ezifanele zohlulwe ngayo imali phakathi kwabo Friedman - Vekselberg - Blavatnik mntu owaziyo. Kodwa ukugweba yi into yokuba yokuqala kuzo iinzuzo evela kwintengiso eYurophu waseka ishishini elitsha - iqela mali «L1 Group", akazange ahlale kwi isiphukuphuku.

Yintoni na ke ubukhosi ishishini Friedman namhlanje?

Okokuqala, eli qela utyalo-mali, nto leyo ngoku olawula "Alfa-Bank" (ibhanki ezinkulu eRashiya), kuquka izakhiwo zoshishino ezifana Alfa Management Capital, "Rosvodokanal", "Alpha Insurance" kunye A1 Group. Le Group ungumnikazi ababoneleli beeselula «MegaFon" yaye "VimpelCom", iivenkile ezithengisa ikhonkco "Pyaterochka" yaye "Crossroads."

Ukongeza, uMikhail Fridman ungusihlalo «L1 Group", nekomkhulu e Luxembourg. Business leqela yotyalo ngamazwe swi-asethi ngeengcingo kunye necandelo amandla. Oku kuquka izigaba ezimbini eziphambili:. «L1 Energy» kunye «L1 Technologies" Friedman kwakhona ilungu zokusuphavayiza Board of Deutsche DEA AG Erdoel, Hamburg, bathenga «L1 eJonga osele" ngo-2015.

Hi ndlela leyi, iBhodi yabaLawuli «L1 Group" iquka abahlobo abadala - amaqabane Friedman, naye waqala kwi 80s ekupheleni ': Kuzmichev, Khan and P. laseBhetaven - urhulumente uMphathiswa Gaidar of Russia.

Ukuthengwa kwe-asethi kwi-Sea North

Ngo March 2015 «L1 Group" fumene inkampani oyile German RWE Dea kuba ngaphezu kwe £ 5 billion. Oku anawo amasimi 12 esebenzayo oyile negesi kuLwandle North kunye namasimi oyile kwezinye iindawo. Le deal uye waphakamisa inkcaso kuRhulumente yaseBritani, leyo ucinga ukuba kuchasene ukwayo izithintelo kwiinkampani Russian ngokunxulumene iziganeko e Ukraine. «L1 Group" iceba ukuseka inkampani entsha ukuqala imveliso kwi amasimi ioli entsha, ikhokelwa ngu intloko yangaphambili "BP" Nkosi Browne.

4 Matshi 2015, uMphathiswa British for Eneji neNguquko yeMozulu Ed Deyvi wanika Friedman ixesha iveki enye ukuya ukweyisela urhulumente UK akazange amnyanzele ukuba kuthengisa ngeoli kunye negesi asethi ezifunyenwe North Sea. Isiphelo sale bali, njengoko okwangoku ayaziwa, kodwa anikwe amava kunye yobulumko uMikhail Fridman kwiinkqubo zoshishino, unokuqiniseka ukuba uya kufumana indlela eli xesha.

imisebenzi yangaphandle kwimibutho zamaJuda

Friedman - umlandeli esebenzayo zamalinge zamaYuda eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Ngowe-1996 waba ngomnye wabaseki Russian yamaYuda Congress, ngoku - olilungu Elawulayo RJC. Wenza igalelo elikhulu umsebenzi kwi European yamaYuda Fund, umbutho nzuzo ajolise kuphuhliso European kwelakwaYuda kunye nokukhuthaza ukunyamezelana noxolelaniso kweli lizwekazi.

Friedman, kunye uStan Polovtsov kunye nabalingane ezintathu, lo Billionaire Russian yamaYuda Alexander Knaster, Petrom Avenom kunye nesiJamani Khan, waseka "Genesis Group", esinenjongo uphuhliso kunye nokuphuculwa ungumJuda phakathi amaYuda kulo lonke ihlabathi. nyaka ngamnye umvuzo "Genesis Group" kunikwa oomaspala abaye bafikelela kwimfezeko kunye nodumo ngamazwe kwi ngumfuziselo umlinganiswa yamaYuda ngenxa kukuzimisela kwiintsingiselo zesizwe.

Kumsitho ibhaso lonyaka yokuqala eYerusalem ngowama-2014, Friedman waxelela abaphulaphuli ukuba lenzelwe ukuba umfutho wesizukulwana esitsha yamaYuda umzekelo impumelelo obalaseleyo abaqeqeshiweyo leNobel Peace Prize kunye negalelo labo kwinkcubeko yoluntu kunye nokuzibophelela amaxabiso abangamaJuda.

Ubulungu kunye nemisebenzi izakhiwo zoluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe Russian

Ukususela ngo-2005, Friedman nguye ummeli Russian kwi-Council on Relations Foreign - a non-nzuzo US umbutho ezisa kunye nabameli ezabelwe zehlabathi, ogama Injongo kukuba ukusasaza uguqulelo American yedemokhrasi ehlabathini lonke.

Friedman lilungu imibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente ezininzi Russian, kuquka kaRhulumente Chamber of Russia, iBhodi yabaLawuli Russian Union of mveliso kunye Entrepreneurs kunye National Council on Governance Corporate.

Yena umlandeli esebenzayo kaZwelonke yoncwadi Prize "Big Book" kunye ilungu lebhodi le "Centre for Inkxaso uncwadi Russian", swi ekuphunyezweni iinkqubo zenkcubeko, ukukhuthazwa iminqweno nangentando ngentlonipho amaxabiso inkcubeko Russian.

UMikhail Fridman: uthando ubomi

Ekunye nomfazi wakhe wokuqala, Olga, yena umtshato ixesha elide, kwiminyaka engaphezu-10 eyadlulayo. Bangaphi abantwana ukuba Michael Friedman? Abantwana bomtshato wakhe wokuqala - neentombi ezimbini: Catherine (1998 p.) Yaye Laura (1995 p.). Amantombazana bazalwa yaye wayehlala nonina eParis, apho baphumelela American School. ngokubonelela ngokupheleleyo ex-umfazi neentombi ukuphila obutofotofo, Friedman yena nabo phantse kungabikho qha.

Njani ngoku ukuba ukhangela intsapho uMikhail Fridman? Iminyaka eliqela wahlala ligosa likarhulumente kunye bebenikwe ikhefu "Alfa-Bank" uOksana Ozhelskoy. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, nabo babe nabantwana ababini.