Yintoni na iinkqubo zendalo? iintlobo zazo kunye neempawu

Yintoni na iinkqubo zendalo? Le mbono geographical ukuba libhekisela inani uhlobo oqhagamshelwano phakathi yeekhomponenti. Bayakwazi ezibandakanya amacandelo omabini, kwiindawo ezinkulu iziza ezincinane kakhulu umhlaba. Zeziphi iinkqubo zendalo? Zahlukene njani? Yintoni eyenzeka? Makhe sibone oko.

cover geographical

Ukuxelela into iinkqubo zendalo, akunakwenzeka ukuba akhankanye imvulophu eendawo. Le mbono eqhelekileyo ukuba ngokudibanisa iindawo ezininzi boMhlaba, leyo phambana kwaye basebenzisane nabanye ukwenza inkqubo enye. Enyanisweni, yeyona inkulu planethi entsonkothileyo yendalo.

Imida emvulophini ngokwezelizwe phantse phinda edge biosphere. Njengoko engena kwehayidrosfere, onokuphila, anthroposphere, inxalenye engentla lithosfere (kuqweqwe) kunye nomoya asezantsi (eziFihliweyo kunye stratosphere).

Le iqokobhe ivakele into eqhubekayo. Nganye yeencindi (iindawo ezisentlabathini) linemithetho yalo uphuhliso kunye neempawu, kodwa kwangaxeshanye iphenjelelwa kwezinye iindawo kwaye nefuthe kubo. Bona basoloko inxaxheba kumjikelo lomba kwindalo, benikana eneji, amanzi, ioksijini, phosphorus, isalfure njalo njalo. D.

entsonkothileyo Natural neentlobo zayo

iqokobhe Geographic yeyona inkulu kodwa hayi kwisakhiwo zendalo kuphela. Bona kwi zomhlaba, kukho abaninzi. Yintoni na iinkqubo zendalo? Ku va iindawo ezithile umhlaba, ezo iyunifomu zejoloji isakhiwo, umhlaba, izityalo, izilwanyana, imozulu kunye namanzi umlinganiswa efanayo.

iinkqubo zendalo ezibizwa ngokuba umhlaba okanye geosystems. Ahluke indlela ethe nkqo nethe tyaba. Ngako oko, isakhiwo yahlulahlulwe lommandla kunye azonal. Esona sizathu siphambili sokuba ukwahluka kwawo ukungafani emvulophini eendawo.

Kuqala kwinto zonke, umahluko iimeko zendalo zinika obungalinganiyo ubushushu elanga on Earth. Oku kungenxa imilo okweqanda planethi ratio ukungalingani komhlaba kunye namanzi, indawo yazo iintaba (leyo ungakhawulezi ubunzima emoyeni) kunye t. D.

izakhiwo samiselwa zemvelo

iinkqubo samiselwa yemvelo kwisahlulo ubukhulu becala tyaba kulo mhlaba. I inkulu ezi ibhanti eendawo. indawo yabo iyavumelana kwaye enengqondo. Ukuvela kwezi kwizakhiwo inxulumene ngqo iimeko zemozulu.

Character imimandla zejografi iyahluka ukusuka ikhweyitha ukuya zezibonda. Kumxholo ngamnye kubo kukho iimeko ubushushu kunye nemozulu yabo, kwakunye nohlobo lomhlaba, amanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye namanzi angaphezulu komhlaba. Bekela bucala lezi ndawo:

• Arctic;
• Arctic;
• Antarctic;
• subantarctic;
• emantla ziingcathu langasezantsi;
• nezi ndawo Southern esihle;
• nezi ndawo Southern sub-mvula;
• mvula.

Okulandelayo ngobukhulu ukuba ezicandelwe izakhiwo kwiindawo zendalo, apho yahlulwe kuhlobo ukufuma, oko kukuthi, ubuninzi namatyeli kwemvula. Abasoloko ukuba zisasazwe onombono latitudinal. Kwaye ixhomekeke yokuphakama kunye nokuba kufutshane elwandle. Bekela bucala ezibandayo entlango, emathafeni, kumathafa, hlathi, savanna kunye nezinye iindawo zendalo.

izakhiwo Azonal zemvelo

izakhiwo Azonal akadibananga ukwahlukana latitudinal le planethi. nokudaleka wayanyaniswe becala kwendawo kunye nokusekwa kolu qweqwe lomhlaba. Kwizakhiwo inkulu azonal yemvelo ulwandle kunye amazwekazi, leyo kakhulu imbali ezahlukeneyo komhlaba kunye nesakhiwo.

Amazwekazi neelwandle zahlulwe kwiindawo ezincinane - bendalo belizwe. Ziqulethe uluhlu ntaba nezihlambo izinto ezakhiwe ezinkulu. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, izakhiwo zendalo ziquka Far East Central ena intaba plain Sihote Alin kunye Khingano-Bureinsky Mount et al.

Kuba umhlaba bendalo belizwe isebenza weSahara entlango, phambene iintaba, eMpuma European Plain. Zingakotshwa yahlulelwe kwii ariya emxinwa ngakumbi eyohlobo olulodwa. Umzekelo, amahlathi gallery, apho ibekwe phezu ongaphandle emaqeleni kunye amathafa, mangroves kunxweme beelwandle elunxwemeni. Kuba izakhiwo lincinci yendalo ziquka izikhukhula, nasezindulini, nasentshonalanga, uremia, imigxobhozo, njalo-njalo. D.

Amacandelo yeenkqubo zendalo

Kwindawo engundoqo ye nayiphi landscape geographical mphandle, amanzi, umhlaba, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana, imozulu. Ubudlelwane yeekhomponenti isakhiwo yendalo ikufutshane kakhulu. Ngamnye kubo kudala iimeko ezithile ngobukho nabanye. River kuchaphazela imeko umhlaba, umhlaba kunye nemozulu - ukubonakala izityalo ezithile, kunye nezityalo umtsalane izilwanyana ezithile.

Ukutshintsha icandelo nokuba mnye kungakhokelela inguqu epheleleyo zakhiwo. Kubhenca umlambo kukhokelela yokuduka izityalo umlambo enohlobo oluthile utshintsho umgangatho womhlaba. Oku ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kuchaphazela izilwanyana ushiye geosystem ekhangela kwindawo yazo eziqhelekileyo.

ukwanda kakhulu naluphi na uhlobo izilwanyana kungakhokelela kutshatyalaliswe izityalo ukuba badle. Kukho iimeko apho iingcongconi ezinkulu kutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo basike okanye amasimi. Olu phuhliso asihlali ayibonakali entsonkothileyo yendalo Uxhokonxwa utshintsho lomhlaba, amanzi, uze ke ulawulo kwemozulu.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke yintoni iinkqubo zendalo? Le nkqubo zendalo-ndawo, amacandelo leyo efanayo imvelaphi kunye nokwakheka. Izakhiwo bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini eziphambili: azonal kunye zone. Kwiqela ngalinye, kukho yokwahlukana elikhulu ukuya kumanxuwa ezincinane.

Eli bhotwe inkulu yendalo esingxotyeni geographical eliquka inxalenye lithosfere ojikeleze, semvelo kunye kwehayidrosfere bomhlaba. Esi sakhiwo neenduli iphantsi ngamnye, amahlathi ezincinane, amachweba, imigxobhozo.