MP-40 submachine gun: Ukucacisa

Movie malunga iMfazwe Yehlabathi II zidla bavunyelwe ezingachanekanga ezininzi eziyinyani iimpazamo, yaye oku ekhethekileyo bhanyabhanya mihla, kodwa iimveliso athathwa ngexesha leSoviet. Kwaye esizenzekelayo MP-40 kufuneka kwaziwe ukuba i "kinolyapy" likhanya ngamandla.

Xa umboniso amaJamani ndiziphendulela ngomxhelo ukumatsha, bebambe uqhelile kwi submachine wakhe umpu hip ... Njengenxalenye phantse zonke umdlalo iseti enxulumene imixholo kweMfazwe Yehlabathi Okwesibini, kukho into yokudlala submachine gun MP-40. Yaye bambalwa abantu ukukhumbula ukuba Ukwanda le imikhosi yaseJamani kwezi zixhobo ibe buthathaka ukusukela elihamba axhobe ikakhulu carbines Mauser. Ngenxa yoko, abazange eya lwamaNazi nomkhosi indebe PCA kunye PPP iguqulwe ibe 9-mm ngompu iCartridge.

Hugo Hugo okanye akunjalo?

rhoqo sixhobo ubizwa ngokuba "Schmeisser". Machine MP-40 - oko kunokuba i "Vollmer", njengoko uHugo Schmeisser ngokwakhe akazange abe ukudala ngayo nangayiphi na indlela. Kaloku, ngaphandle ngokuboleka design inventions store. Eyaziwa gunsmith wadala MP-18, MP-28 yaye, emva koko, i-MR-41. Ke kaloku, imifuziselo ezimbini zokuqala ezingalweni Wezomkhosi German ngelo xesha yaye akazange. Iinjengele (ezifana oogxa babo eSoviet, ngendlela) yayigqalwa imipu sub-umatshini, "zokudlala", nto leyo axhobe ngaphandle kokuba amapolisa.

Kodwa ke ukunyuka kumandla ka Hitler, leyo, echasene inkolelo edumileyo, engumshumayeli zange ivunyelwe gunsmiths Tyhila ngokupheleleyo. Sele 1938, bafumana umyalelo karhulumente ukuba indalo umpu submachine, leyo kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba bakwazi ukuzixhobisa ke amajoni, izithuthi vehicles amaqela bawuthobele izixhobo, amagqirha, kunye nabanye abantu ukuba onikwe umpu ngokupheleleyo-ubungakanani okanye carbine akavumelekile ukuba. Ekugqibeleni wavuka inkampani ukuze Agata.

Uphuhliso abadala kunye nokwakhiwa ezintsha

Yaba akukho ngozi, njengoko iinjineli le nkampani wayesele Reserve ifomu SMG wadala Agata 36. kubo Umphuhlisi iphambili yale sixhobo yaba Genrih Folmer. ezintsha yayo evelele - usebenzisa sokunyathela abandayo oxwebhu ngentsimbi. Ngelo xesha, ekubeni kungekho mntu wumbi.

Kuba phezu ngokusekelwe "Agata" waza wadala MP-38, ukusuka apho kamva "wakhula" kunye MT-40 umatshini. Amalungu umthi wayengekho, nto leyo lula kakhulu eyimveliso ngobusi kwicandelo lowu detachable 32 rounds. Kungekudala kwacaca ukuba sokunyathela ubuchule oluqhubekayo ivumela ukufumana inxalenye kuphela hayi kwizinga eliphezulu kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba abalimi kwafuneka abuyele amaqela entsonkothileyo yaye kubize.

Ngendlela, ukuba kuziswe ubugcisa ngengqele bokwakha bafezeke amaJamani yemfazwe kwaye abakwazanga. Kuqala zange babe le mfuneko nzima, yaye emva - zaphelelwa izibonelelo kunye nexesha. Ndazama ukulungisa le meko ngokuthi Hugo Schmeisser oluzenzekelayo MP-40, iimpawu zobugcisa apho achaza, ndahamba njengesiseko ngokudala yakho MP-41. Kodwa kakhulu emva kwexesha.

Ukuvela MR-40

Konke oku ukuze kwanciphisa izinga woyekelelo, ekuqaleni angels lwamaNazi-iingalo bema ngaphantsi kwe namawaka alithoba ezi guns sub-umatshini. Ngenxa yoko, le nkampani wafumana umyalelo upgrades isixhobo, esizokwenza ukuyinyusa ukuya processability eyamkelekileyo embindini ka 1940. Vollmer wamelana. Okokuqala, ubuchwepheshe ekungazanga isekiwe wayesebenza nengqele oyinxalenye receiver, ungamalungu aluminium nokuqhwalela esikhundleni ngentsimbi.

Kubonakele njengoko MP-40 submachine gun, apho wavalelwa ngoko nangoko imveliso mass. Indlela engaqhelekanga, kodwa nkqu lemfazwe eyenziweyo kwaye MR-40 kunye engaphambili, i MP-38. Kukholelwa ukuba malunga enye kunye neeyunithi kwesiqingatha sesigidi (mhlawumbi hayi ngaphezulu kwe-1,3 million) zazikhutshwa ngethuba elisusela kwi-1940 ukuya 1945. Ngoko ke yonke axhobileyo izixhobo German nomkhosi ukuba unako balibale: bexhobe ngemipu machine waba ayifiki omnye kwabalishumi.

ICartridge - a 9x19 "Parabellum" umgangatho, apho namhlanje iye umgangatho de facto ngenxa pistols, kunye imipu sub-umatshini ehlabathini. Qaphela ukuba ingakumbi ukuba koomatshini eJamani yamaNazi livelise neekhatriji ezizodwa nokonyuka nothungelwano kwazo kunye iimbumbulu babe Ukuhlukunyezwa ngcono kunye nesenzo zapregradnym. Zisebenzise pistols kucetyiswa ngamandla, ngenxa yokuba izixhobo azipheli ngokukhawuleza.

isimiso ukusebenza

Ukufunyanwa okuzenzekelayo le German PP waba isintu impela, ukusebenza kumgaqo shutter free. Le yokugqibela ke omkhulu kakhulu, intshukumo yawo waphendula enamandla ukubuya entwasahlobo. Ekubeni isixhobo na isango oxandileyo enamandla ukubuya umatshini, izinga layo (kuqhume ezintandathu ngomzuzwana) yaye akazange ngokusondeleyo naleyo PCA, leyo nemiphumo emihle kakhulu kwi ngqo ... kuqhume single. Zisasuka cishe kungenakwenzeka 'yokugubungela' ufolo ekujoliswe single. Xa tracers ukudubula kufuneka zibonwe ekujoliswe basoloko kanye phakathi iimbumbulu.

Khumbula ukuba yiSoviet iPPM "kokutshica" ngesantya kuqhume 11 ngomzuzwana, kunye PCA odumileyo, apho amajoni amaninzi ekuthiwa "neekhatriji idla Shpagin" yaye ukudubula njenge "abadala" umpu umatshini. izinga yayo iye yafika 17-18 (!) kuqhume ngomzuzu. Ngoko ngokuzenzekelayo MP-40, ezi mpawu ezo esixubusha, waba nkalo kanye "ephantsi-isantya".

iimpawu technical

Le MP-38 phawu automata usapho / 40 yi igagasi ngokukhawuleza phantsi umphanda. Yena waba nendima ezimbini: kwelinye icala, Ndinciphise i "Bouncing" xa ukudubula umphanda. On the enye - ukuvumela ninamathele embrasures e amatanki kunye neemoto vehicles, ukuphucula zokudubula ukuchaneka uyaguquka.

indlela izando - le, uhlobo elula komsebenzi. Njengoko e PCA / PPP, lula iimfuno zemveliso kwanyanzeleka amaJamani ukuba ashiye umguquleli ukudubula iindlela, kodwa ngeqondo enjalo eliphantsi iintolo ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi eziqeqeshwe umlilo nabangatshatanga (okanye umda we imijikelo emibini okanye emithathu). Ukuhlanganisa izixhobo German wawungekho umgaqo. indima yayo kuyenziwa lekhefu apho kumqheba ethole ukuze ifake. Akumangalisi ukuba indlela abangekaphuhli enjalo iye ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwakhokelela iingozi. Ngoko ngokuzenzekelayo MP-40, iimpawu zobugcisa apho achaza ngokuntsokotha ethile abazange kwahluka.

ivenkile Iimpawu

kwicandelo Store, umthamo - 32 rounds. Imbonakalo - a tye, intsimbi extruded. Ukudida kunye iivenkile yamacandelo evela PPP okanye PCA akwenzeki, njengoko umgca othe ngqo, ngoxa PP zasekhaya, imodeli egosogoso (ngenxa 7,62h25 iimpawu iCartridge). Ke kaloku, iivenkile evela MP-40 akazange asebenzise uthando okhethekileyo afohlela njengokuba ngesandla ukubaxhobisa kwaba nzima kakhulu, kwafuneka ukuba aye uncedo isixhobo okhethekileyo.

I uyifake kumgca othe tye, kungakhangelwa kwi-outstanding ngaphaya izixhobo entanyeni receiver, eliqingqwe ikliphu lokutyhala iqhosha-. Xa kusenziwa oku, kanti kungekudala ukuba intamo kufuneka ukhuselwe kakhulu ekungcolisweni, ekubeni ecocekileyo kwakunzima kakhulu yokulwa. ezakhiwe umgangatho amasoldati Wehrmacht ngelo xesha - malunga 190 rounds.

Range kunye nokusebenza lomlilo

Ukubona - eyona eqhelekileyo, yokubeka. Xa adubula ungasebenzisa "iindlela 'bakhe ababini: abasisigxina kunye ethambileyo, eyenzelwe zokudubula kumgama seemitha 200 okanye ngaphezulu. Kodwa yonke ezibaluleke kuphela ephepheni.

AmaJamani ngokwawo ziye zaphawula ukuba zifumana ukungena indoda ibaleka kumgama oziimitha 100-150 sele umpu submachine German MP-40 akuvumelekanga, ngaphandle kokuba umlilo zange kuqhutywa zemithi eziliqela ngaxeshanye. Ukongeza, isango omkhulu kangaka braked iimbumbulu uqina ekuqaleni, leyo kumgama oziimitha 150-200 kwafuneka enze isilungiso kwisiqingatha semitha (!) Kule target. Ucinga ukuba ekulweni, amajoni amaninzi alibale ngayo, inkoliso kubathengi ngokukhuselekileyo itshiselwa ngaphandle nayiphi na inzuzo.

ezinye iingxaki

Ukongeza, kukho ingxaki enkulu wanika ukugcinwa PP ngokulwa. Isibakala sokuba catch kwivenkile Kucetyiswa ngamandla: indlela yayo ebamb ukuba zakhiwe kangangokuba ngokukhawuleza uba evakalala. Kwakukho iimeko rhoqo xa kakhulu "ubomi eyaphukileyo" MR 38/40 shop unokuwela ngokulula ngqo ngokulwa. Mna ke kwafuneka ukuba niyaqhubeka emva umphanda ... loo nto ayizange ukugubungela. Nakumasoldati hayi zosiwe wesundu, yena wayekholose kurhulumente zeeglavu asbestos.

Okuphoxayo kukuba, kodwa hayi ibholithi enzima okanye enamandla ukubuya spring ayihambelani ukukhusela umatshini ukusuka utyekelo ngokugqithiseleyo ebinaakuvaamu kwi kungcoliseko encinane. Ngaphandle koku, umatshini MP-40 maxesha yokuqala imfazwe ukuhlangabezana ngokupheleleyo zonke iimfuno iimfuno izixhobo ezinjalo. Kuphela ngokulahleka phulo qhinga ngamaNazi, kwafuneka ukuba ucinge ukubetha yokuqala ehlabathini, StG-44.

ukusetyenziswa lwangoku

Ewe, kwaba futhi. Noko ke, PCA-41 yaqhubeka uvelise China de kowama-2000, kwaye kwezinye iindawo kuya kwenjiwa njalo kude, ngoko akukho nto ayimangalisi kulo. A MR-40 wahlala kwinkonzo kunye nemikhosi namapolisa Norwegian kwi-imi- 60 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Ukongeza, ukuba ngenkuthalo kusetyenziswa zombini amaSirayeli Arabhu ngexesha ngquzulwano amaninzi eGaza Strip. Ngoko ke ukuba MP-40 - umatshini kunye ubutyebi bembali.

Ke kaloku, odumileyo MP-5, emi kwinkonzo kunye namapolisa ezininzi kunye imikhosi yamajoni ehlabathini lonke, akunanto yakwenza nengxoxo yethu PP. Okokuqala, esebenza njenge blowback libaziseko. Okwesibini, enyanisweni, yinto ikopi elincinane le umpu G-3.

Okokugqibela, kukho nazo ziyafumaneka ngokorhwebo oomatshini anomoya MP-40, ezi iziqu safuduselwa (njengoko kunjalo nge SCB-41). Noko ke, iimeko ezinjalo zinqabile nangona, kwaye iindleko zabo eliphezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo iba layout rough.

Ugqaliselo lokuqala ukulwa ukusetyenziswa

Ukhokho LL-40 wasetyenziswa ukuba okwesihlandlo sokuqala ePoland, ngexesha iziganeko ka 1939. nangoko CSKA waqala ukuthumela izikhalazo malunga nomsebenzi ombi iimbumbulu ezingena kweyona migaqo mikhulu. Kodwa isikhalazo eziphambili malunga awayekade kuqhume ezikhululekileyo Ukuwa (Noko ke, sonke PP blowback lesono efanayo). Amajoni, ukuze uphephe iingozi, nokuba waqala primatyvat evulwa ngesiphatho umtya. Emva koko, isakhelo zeslayidi wabonakala inotshi ngasentla.

ukushiyeka

Ukuhlaselwa eSoviet Union kunye nezinye iintsilelo ezichongiweyo. Kwenzeka ingakumbi ukuba izinga eliphantsi esangweni onzima kakhulu - nto ayifanelekanga, ngokuba bekubanda kwaye nkqu engavumeli kancinane izixhobo iyeke ukusebenza. Plant "Steyr" inxenye liphuma meko, waqala ukuseka imbuyekezo spring ngokomelela, kodwa ngenxa yokuba izinga kabukhali eyonyukileyo umlilo wawa ubucukubhede nokuthembeka akukho kubalwa phantsi leyo.

Ngoko ke ukuba MP-40 - umatshini ukuba amaJamani ngelo xesha babengenalo ixesha ukuba uza 'ingqondo ".