Babheke izikhali Strategic X-55: Ukucacisa, iifoto

Long elidlulileyo kwixesha xa isixhobo inkulu moya ngompu oluzenzekelayo. Kakade ke, kukho esinye ebhodini yonke lupwa mihla umlweli interceptor, kodwa ixabiso layo ngokwenene lincinane kakhulu. Isiseko alwayo amandla Air Force mihla - sungula cruise ngezikhali. X-55 - enye imifuziselo yokuqala nesebenza kwezixhobo ezinjalo, owamkelwa yiSoviet Army.

Qala yophuhliso

Yonke le nto yaqala emva ngo-1975. Ke iqela "Raduga" wathabatha amanyathelo ukwenza uhlobo olutsha lwe imijukujelwa ezincinane zikhali, uyakwazi ngokuphawulekayo ukwandisa ukulwa ngamandla Russian Air Force. Akwaziwa kuba izizathu, kodwa ekuqaleni isindululo sakhatywa. Noko ke, kunyaka olandelayo wabalelwa, kwaye, kananjalo, isityalo esaqala ukusebenza ekukhawuleziseni uphuhliso olu hlobo izixhobo. Ngoko ke, lo rocket X-55 yayilwa kwaye yaphunyezwa liqela abanetalente "Raduga". Kakade ke, akakwazanga kwaoko.

Ezi sampuli yokuqala kunye iimvavanyo "entsimini"

Ezi sampuli zokuqala baqalisa Ulihlanganisele Dubna, eyabakho 1978. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba ishishini yayigcwele ukukhululwa imijukujelwa X-22, kwagqitywa ekubeni kubekho imveliso eKharkov. Kwiminyaka yokuqala eKharkov mveliso ngokuyinxalenye kuphela wakhululwa amacandelo aphambili imijukujelwa, ngoxa kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo ndawonye e Dubna, kodwa kungekudala inkampani udlule ngokupheleleyo umjikelo kwimveliso elivaliweyo.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1978 (phambi kokuba kugqitywe zonke izigaba test), urhulumente waseSoviet isigqibo malunga nokusekwa yokuqala imveliso lothotho inani le mijukujelwa. Ekupheleni kuka-1980, imveliso enomjukujelwa yokuqala Kh-55 kusemthethweni inikwa umthengi. Zisuka nje, bekucingelwa ukuba abathwali izixhobo ezinamandla omtsha iza kuba 'weentaka White "Tu-160 yaye" Ivelisa "Tu-95. iimvavanyo X-55 zaye olwenziwe phantsi Faustovo.

I Ukungaphumeleli lokuqala

enomjukujelwa lokuqala serial X-55 ngenqwelo-23 Februwari 1981. uqala Kuphela kweshumi bathwalwa phandle, kwaye imveliso wakhanyela enye kuphela. Ngaphezu koko, eli tyala wayengekho naziphi na iziphako zokuyila, kunye nokwalelwa generator. Kodwa kutheni kufuneka oko ukwakhiwa iimbumbulu ezithile ezifana, ukuba unako unganikeza okwakhayo ibhetri umthamo omkhulu?

Isibakala sokuba ekuqaleni imijukujelwa zenyukliya yenziwe ukuze, xa kuyimfuneko, ukuze kwandiswe uluhlu isicelo wabo. neebhetri Standard kulo lonke "indlela" akayi kuba nako ukunika amandla kuwo onke amacandelo. Yaye ngenxa yokuba sisebenzisa wenkunkuma lamandla amancinane-ubungakanani RDK-300.

Qala bengena umkhosi

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala yamkela rocket zathatha inxaxheba, ezinze Semipalatinsk. Ngo-1983 kwaye kwabanjwa ukusetyenziswa yokuqala, apho webutho, esebenza ngaphandle lwezakhono ezisebenzisekayo ekusetyenzisweni kwezi zixhobo kwiimeko kufutshane ekulweni. NgoDisemba waloo nyaka, oko yamkelwa ngokusesikweni inguqulelo maxesha ye-Tu-95, nto leyo yaba isixhobo engundoqo i X-55 (cruise imizili).

Ngowe-1984, iimvavanyo rhoqo ziye zaqhutywa apho kwafunyaniswa ukuba ngokuchanileyo ibetheke ekujoliswe kumgama 2.5 amawaka eekhilomitha. Ngowe-1986, imveliso yadluliselwa ngokupheleleyo kwisixeko laseKirov. Esemi izityalo ibandla, ezinye iziqalelo enomjukujelwa waqala ukuveza kwi ESmolensk Aviation Plant.

Main:

I X-55 ezakheke ezahlukeneyo? A enomjukujelwa cruise yenzelwe ngokusekelwe loqwalaselo standard ashukimisayo. iimveliso steel Housing ngenxa kumalungu nge welding. Enyanisweni, ngaphezu kwama-70% ye-fuselage - itanki yamafutha. Ubume amandla zimelwe lezakhelo, leyo uqhoboshele zonke izixhobo, izixhobo, nobona uxanduva okuqinileyo irula befikile matheku. Ngoko ke, njengoko kufuneka ukuba nkulu lula yoyilo, phantse zonke izinto yesakhelo busweleke wayifu- na.

Yintoni na le imilinganiso wayeyithathile X-55 - a enomjukujelwa cruise qhinga? Ubukhulu be fuselage ngayo silingana kwisiqingatha semitha. Le chopho iyonke - eemitha nje ezintathu. Body Ubude - iimitha ezilithoba, ubunzima lesiqhelo - 1.7 m ubuninzi ukutenxa kwithagethi ofunekayo -. Ezilikhulu ubude. Kwiinguqulelo ezilandelayo, eli xabiso lancipha 20 eemitha, kodwa uluhlu izicelo zawa ayi 2,000. Ngokwendalo, iinjineli kunye izazinzulu, olu khetho a alunakulungela.

ukuguqulwa ukhetho

Noko ke, kwakukho omnye X-55. babheke Strategic enomjukujelwa kunye index ye 'SM "emzimbeni leyo ekhuphe iitanki ezizodwa amafutha guards, andizele sele 3.5 amawaka. Km. Kodwa kamva wavelisa kuphela inguqulelo X-555, ukuze umzimba leyo eyakhayo wabeka nilungise namaqegu, ukuze kwiitanki namalahle. Le ukuguqulwa ukuba hit iithagethi kumgama ukuya ku-3 ophosa.

Igunya a warhead yenyukliya - 200 CT. Okwangoku ulingana ukulungiswa X-55 ngexabiso inkonzo. Iimpawu ezichazwe ita ncam, kodwa zedabi "abotshwe nge" kungekhona warhead enyukliya, kunye umxube TNT aqhelekileyo kunye geksokena.

Ezihamba kunye powerplant

Zonke iindawo aphumele ezenziwe ngezinto ezizodwa edityanisiweyo. Le ndlela kuphela ukuba amathuba ubunzima loqalo, kodwa ukwenza ngexabiso ibonakale kangako radars utshaba okunokwenzeka. Ekwenzeni kunye iphiko phambi kokuqala elibhalwe onokolula phantsi yintshukumo squibs emva rocket X-55 (ethe ifoto kweli nqaku) iya kukhululwa moya.

singakhankanya ngokukhethekileyo lifanelwe powerplant kusetyenziswa. injini Turbofan R95-300 turbojet siseko ukusebenza imvelaphi inyuselwa khona kwicandelo ngumsila wena. Isiseko i iipali okhethekileyo. Xa ngokufanayo ezintsonkothileyo, oko ephuma emzimbeni nje phambi kokuqala. Qala kwakhona kwenziwe phantsi yintshukumo ekhupha wokusika. Le injini Ngokomzi kakhulu, kodwa umlinganiselo wayo umthwalo ilingana ukuya 3,68 kg / kg. Ngoko ke, ngokuchaseneyo, ngokupheleleyo ziyafana kakhulu ukulwa moya mihla.

Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yokulwa imijukujelwa X-55, iimpawu ezenza kube lula ukucinga oko izixhobo ngendlela eyaneleyo, nkqu iimeko ngoku, iyakwazi ukuphuhlisa nodibaniso olunesantya esiphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo esithintelayo iimbalelwano yayo phezu ukulwa endleleni.

Enyanisweni, ngokwale laka, esi sixhobo nangoku engabumbeki izinto ezintsha ezininzi. izikhali ngenelela oku kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokhuselo eziphambili kakhulu ephucukileyo. Njengoko kwakhona ngexesha lakalokunje - akukho ngqiqweni X-55 eninzi kuya kubakho ixesha elide ukuze ime inkonzo kwilizwe lethu, ukuba izibonelelo mihla ngokupheleleyo kunye namandla umxhelo.

Types of wamafutha osetyenzisiweyo

Inzuzo nje ikwa kuphela "zezitya konke." injini irula unako ukusebenza kwi eqhelekileyo amabakala ngenqwelomoya separafini T-1, TS-1 kunye nabanye. Kodwa P-95-300 izazinzulu yiSoviet kweli xesha lifutshane kangangoko senze iiprogram into okhethekileyo T-10, nto leyo eyaziwa ngokuba detsilin. Kuyinto ityhefu kakhulu, kodwa uqhagamshelwano efanayo caloric. Kungenxa kule imijukujelwa amafutha X-55 kunye X-555 unako ukufikelela isantya yokusebenza ubuninzi kunye noluhlu indiza yayo.

Kodwa ukusebenza ngale hlobo fuel nzima kakhulu: detsilin fluid kakhulu, kwaye ngoko ke kufuna một rhoqo, ezijolise ekulondolozeni ingqibelelo liphezulu lwezindlu. Kwaye ziyahlutha kuphela imijukujelwa, apho kuqatyeliswa kwibhodi enomjukujelwa qhinga rhoqo qwa. Kuzo zonke ezinye iimeko, emkhosini bakhetha ukusebenzisa amafutha jet, njengoko oku kunciphisa ubungozi kokubini amajoni kunye umphakathi.

isimiso ukusebenza

inkqubo isikhokelo - inertial, lizimele ngokupheleleyo, kunye nokulungiswa moya ngokuxhomekeke iimpawu ngengingqi. Phambi kokuba avionics moya imijukujelwa zithwele itshati reference le ndawo, nto leyo kujoliswe ekujoliswe. Ngexesha esemoyeni, i X-55 air-yaqaliswa imijukujelwa iza ixhomekeke njengeqela ukusuka emhlabeni okanye emoyeni, yaye ukuba usebenzise inkqubo stand-alone ngokupheleleyo, ukusuka isiqabu. Oku kwenza izixhobo ubhetyebhetye ngokwenene yaye kakhulu yingozi.

Eqondisa futhi indiza

Le nkqubo kulula. Okokuqala, umjukujelwa akhululwayo emoyeni ngenxa mgawuli, uze emva koko oluvula luvaleke injini esingundoqo apho ezibhabhayo abanye indlela eya target yayo. Lo moya kwenziwa ezinobude engekho ngaphezulu kwe-60-100 leemitha. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, X-55 inokubhabha kwintaba ephakame yeemitha 30 kuphela! Ngelo xesha nye bypasses ngokuzenzekelayo yonke imiqobo ngokuzenzekelayo siphambuke Kakade, uphambuke ezintethweni izihlalo ezisebenzisanayo VIP ezichongiweyo. Ikhosi utshintsha yonke km 100-200.

Ukwenza oku kwenzeleni ukundikhumbula imijukujelwa wangena ekuthiwa-label okulungisa. Xa ufikelela kwindawo ethile, kukho "funda" kwendawo, ngokusekelwe eli nalibekelwayo ikhosi entsha, nto leyo evumela inyathelo isebenzayo ukuphepha utshaba moya ukhuseleko.

iziphumo Ngoko ndizuze kwindawo Uvavanyo rhoqo zihlolwe kunye nemigangatho ebekwe phantsi kwimemori, ukuze ukutenxa kwindlela kwangaphambili akunakwenzeka. Oku ngenxa kwesi sigqibo, ezi imijukujelwa nga uqhutyelwe kwindawo ekujoliswe ngqo kangangokuba ukuze isizukulwana yangaphambili kwezixhobo yale Iklasi phantse alinakuzuzwa. Ekugqibeleni, esibangela ukuba lungu yokwenene yale X-55 kunzima kakhulu ngamaqhinga kubo, ngenxa leyo bayakwazi ngoyaba iinkqubo umoya wokhuselo umonakalo kwi isininzi amatyala.

Okwangoku, esi sixhobo usoloko esemsebenzini, nokukhuselwa ulongamo karhulumente wethu. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba enomjukujelwa sayilwa kwi-70 lwekhulu yokugqibela, ebizwa ukuba 'lixesha "angeke ibe twa. Yonke imisebenzi lenza ngokupheleleyo, yaye ezahlukeneyo elungisiweyo bayakwazi ngokoyisa nkqu inkqubo entsha enomjukujelwa ukukhusela zonke iisampuli ezithathwe kwi-NATO awodwa emkhosini.