SVT-40 (sniper umbayimbayi): ngokutsha abazingeli, photo, iimpawu

Phakathi inani elikhulu kompu eyayisetyenziswa kule 1941-1945 imfazwe, amajoni Soviet, ayikho ncomo njengoko ubhetyebhetye njengoko SVT-40 (sniper umbayimbayi). Iingcali kunye nabezomkhosi kuqwalaselwa oko yimpumelelo kakhulu, ngoko afohlela ukukhululwa wayeka kungekudala.

Uphuhliso izikhali ezinjalo wangena kule minyaka imfazwe, xa wakhetha iziphawuli ubuninzi yehle kubonisa esemgangathweni. Kukho uluvo ingcali ukuba hayi imfazwe, ukuba umpu nto yakhiwe ngaphandle kubakho iingxaki, ingakumbi ekubeni uninzi lwabo basebenzisa isixhobo, ndithethe naye kakuhle.

inkcazelo zokuzenzela

Kuba stroke emfutshane kusetyenziswa gas propellant igesi piston, lo walivala ithende ijelo le brainstem. Le khamera umiselwe kwisitupu ukutshintsha inani iigesi iboniswe ezichaphazela ukusetyenziswa afohlela kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kwaye likuvumela ukuba utshintshe iimeko zokusetyenziswa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo emthethweni.

Le piston edlulisela intshukumo esangweni, kodwa ibuyisela emva entwasahlobo yayo. Isiqu channel yesango ezitshixwayo into yoniwa-moya nkqo. Ibhokisi isiqu saso omnye umthombo wayo ukubuyela shutter kwisakhelo kwindawo eyahlukileyo. Lodge e labalandeli umpu, indlela aqala yenziwa adubule. Vala yabalindi adubule luyenziwa.

Umsebenzi empini

Isitolo icala ngaphandle ukususwa evela umboniso umpu. Le emehlweni wenza kubhabho kunye namushnike. Sniper ingathengwa SVT-40 kunye yinto enombala DB unalo kusisithintelo ifatyi isicheme. ukuguqulwa mva yi yindlela lo isicheme efanayo AVT-40 kunye onencula ukuba wakhangela embhoxo ikhaba ukuba kunxitywa lisesingxobeni ngokukhethekileyo kwi ibhanti lakho.

Ukuba nokudubula lwenziwa ukusuka kwindawo ngezisu, esi sixhobo luyaxhaswa ngesandla sasekhohlo kwaye ibekwe phezu wesundu phambi evenkileni. Ukusetyenziswa kwe umpu evela ehleli, emi aguqe kubandakanya ubambe izixhobo ze evenkileni. A shooter baqeqeshwe kakuhle yenza ngomzuzu malunga 25 izithonga, ukuba evenkileni pre-kuhluthiswa. Ukuba senza ukugcwalisa evenkileni umboniso ababini, inani kuqhume lifinyele ku-20 ngomzuzu.

Ukusetyenziswa muffler

Sniper ingathengwa SVT-40 kunye silencer loo mfaki uhla yasentwasahlobo 1941. Le fowuni ilungiselelwe kuphela ngembumbulu ngesantya supersonic, kwaye asihambelani emthethweni ngompu ngesantya kuyehla. Oku kuyilwa kwe muffler ayitshintshi le isantya kwibhulethi kunye nokuchaneka alwayo, kodwa isandi obethe phantse kucinywa, yaye njengokukhazimla flash kuhlala ingatshintshanga.

Yeegesi evela ngumgubo emva zokudubula ngaphandle lemka evela lomphanda igcine silencer, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni xa uvula isango jet eshinyeneyo ubetha ubuso notolo. Icebo komlilo umbayimbayi cwaka ezonakeleyo ngexesha iziganeko test, kunye noyilo sawo saba ziyaqukunjelwa.

Iimpawu zokuzenzela semi-automatic

Ebudeni bemfazwe Finnish-yiSoviet ngo-1939-1940 kuyo kuqala kwakusetyenziswe umpu sompu SVT-40. Iimpawu kunye idatha yokusebenza:

• ukuvuleka ingathengwa - 7,62;
• gun ubunzima 3.8 kg ngaphandle ngokuxhobisa onencula neekhatriji;
• Iimbumbulu ukuvuleka - 7,62h54 mm;
• ubude ingathengwa - 1 m 23 cm;
• kumlinganiselo lomlilo - ukusuka rounds-20 ukuya kowama-25 ngomzuzu;
• i Velocity lokuqala bullet - 829 eemitha ngesekhondi;
• emehlweni umgama - up to 1.5 km;
• magazini ibamba 10 emthethweni.

History of indalo

Umnqweno ukuvula i umpu eziqhelekileyo analogu oluzenzekelayo kukhokelela ekubeni yokuqala eyenziwa Fedor Tokarev SVT-38 umpu, leyo ebudeni imfazwe eFinland ukunyamezela isikolo ukuhlolisisa. Sebenzisa ngokulwa likuvumela ukuba ukubona zonke iintsilelo izixhobo. Esi ubunzima obukhulu, ukusilela ekusebenzeni, susceptibility kungcoliseko kunye asezantsi obushushu ufundo kwakunye imfuno oluqhubekayo isicelo ukuthambisa ajikeleze.

Umhlanganisi ukuwina ukwenza umpu lighter nokunciphisa ubukhulu, ngelixa sisenyusa ukuthembeka elide. Armourers hayi ukunciphisa ubungakanani ngokulandelelanayo ye kwiindawo kungabangela ukusebenza ngokungafanelekanga of matshini. Baya kuhamba ngokwenza amalungu aselula, ukunciphisa ubude onencula, kunye ivenkile, inshorensi kunye handguard kwaezo utshintsho lobume. Kukho umpu sompu SVT-40. Photography idlula ngezantsi kukho utshintsho kuyilo.

Ngowe-1940 self-ukulayisha umbayimbayi ezinikwa yi umkhosi. Imveliso lifumene inkqubo efunekayo, ubunzima ukukhanya, kodwa imveliso maqela olwenziwe kwiindawo sika-umpu lufumaneka iso ngendlela yokuvelisa nokugcina imithetho zobugcisa. Izixhobo zifuna ulondolozo inzima, nto leyo mu lupwa akusoloko qinisekisa.

sniper ingathengwa

Sniper ingathengwa Tokarev SVT-40 kwandisa imveliso ye kuphela kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe ngo-1940. Ngeli xesha yavelisa kwesigidi shotgun. Malinge kukuxhobisa sixhobo sniper emehlweni, kodwa ukudala ukuchaneka olusebenzayo lomlilo kufuneka ukutshintsha yoyilo ukuze ngexesha abathungi imfazwe ulahle le mbono, kwaye umpu yenziwa imodeli endala.

izikhali oluzenzekelayo

Ngowe-1942, imodeli le ngokuzenzekelayo SVT-40. Ngoku sniper ingathengwa ikhokela umlilo oluzenzekelayo. Tokarev kodwa guns angenzelwanga loo leyo. Self-kulayishwa umbayimbayi akaphumeleli uvavanyo mu lupwa, ngenxa kokufunyanwa inani lokusilela yemveliso lifinyele. NgoJanuwari 1945, iKomiti loKhuselo ugqiba ukuba lirhoxe ukuveliswa SVT-40.

UMyili Tokarev isebenzela ukudala carbine oluzenzekelayo, ngokusekelwe kwi-SVT-40. Sniper ingathengwa isampula 1940 ilungiswe ibe carbine, umsebenzi walo ongundoqo ngumlilo enye. Zenzekelayo carbine ingathengwa ugcina zonke neengxaki. Iingxelo ngaphambili bathi loo mkhosi babezimisele ukusebenzisa izixhobo ngenxa ukungakhuseleki, ukuntsonkotha noshowo, ukuchaneka azanelanga.

Ezona mpawu ezintle ngezikrweqe

Nangona uhlolo elimsulwa le SVT-40 sniper umbayimbayi lineqela iingenelo. uyilo Light-ubunzima kuvumela intshukumo inokusityeda kwi umlo ngeematshi ngenkani. Sniper ingathengwa yohlukile kukhokho SVT-40 oluphindwe-3,5 DB umda wayo, nto leyo eye ubunzima ephantsi (270 g total). phambi entabeni ikuvumela lokudubula umgama ukuya kwi-600 m.

Ukufezekiswa self-ukulayisha izixhobo yi Linyuke lomlilo kuthelekiswa Mosin ucinge. Ubulula bokusetyenziswa ikuvumela ukuba ukufumana imbuyekezo kunye udubuleke emagxeni, kungekhona ukubamba kuphosa umphanda.

Bobubi self-ukulayisha shotgun

Sniper ingathengwa SVT-40 ayinayo ukusetyenziswa kakhulu umkhosi ngenxa yobunzima koyilo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukwenza ekuveliseni kunye nokusebenza kwiimeko yokulwa. Imfuneko yesondlo rhoqo angeke eyenziwa phantsi kweemeko emkhosini abaninzi ngexesha lemfazwe. Bobubi ukuba ayizange isetyenziswe de isiphelo sale nkqubo igesi kunye namathuba zokulahleka uhlengahlengiso store elisusekayo, kunye nokwakhiwa lingavumi ikhuthaza ungcoliseko uthuli.

Umnqweno ukunciphisa ubunzima kukhokelela yokuba kukho ukusilela kwi oluzenzekelayo iindlela SVT-40. Sniper umpu igcina dimensions, kodwa ubunzima kuncitshiswa kusetyenziso iinkcukacha esidlula kunye nokwandisa inani iindawo ezivulekayo istili, nto leyo kungcoliseko ngakumbi.

Sniper ingathengwa SVT-40 nokusetyenziswa kwayo

Ekuqaleni, sihlelwe eziya kuba engundoqo self-ukulayisha umbayimbayi lwezixhobo ezincinane nomkhosi kwaye kuyandisa kakhulu amandla omlilo umlilo ejoliswe. Ngokutsho urhulumente kucingelwa ukuba amawaka ezininzi izixhobo ezifana eqeleni ngalinye, umlinganiselo afohlela semi-oluzenzekelayo abanezixhobo non-automatic kunye nendlela ekujongwe ukuba zazise umlinganiselo 1: 2.

Yi kwehlobo yokuqala ka-1941 yavelisa malunga nesigidi esinye SVT-40 izixhobo. Sniper ingathengwa abazingeli ingxelo anamkelanga HIV kuphela. Uninzi izixhobo zaye buzinze kwizithili esentshona kwindawo umda. Kwangaxeshanye nale afohlela eziveliswe American M1 Garand, ngubani bayalingana functionality ukuya ikopi eSoviet.

armorers German wasebenzisa iisampuli wathimba abantu afohlela Soviet, bafake abaphuma umkhosi, njengoko ezi mveliso hayi kuye. Phakathi World yabalasela into yokuba amaJamani ukuphuhlisa ukukhulula umpu, iinkcukacha zazo i SVT-40. ESoviet Union kwanciphisa nokukhululwa afohlela semi-automatic, yaye kungekudala kuphela zizonke. Ukuntsonkotha imveliso, kukho inani elikhulu iinkcukacha uyilo ukwenza imveliso abizayo isenzakalo. Le umpu 143 iqulethe 22 iziqalelo ze emthonjeni. Ekwenziweni components basebenzisa iintlobo ezininzi yodidi ezizodwa.

iintlobo zokuguqulwa

• SVT-38 eyenziweyo phambi 1940, esibonakala kwenqwaba 500 grams ngaphezu imodeli elandelayo. Okwangoku izalwe onencula ukuququzelela utshintsho, umandlalo ekuqaleni wadala ifomu.
• SVT-40 bobabo nembono phambili nomkhonto emfutshane, iqala ubunzima-eziveliswa ngo-1940. Ngaba ukuthembeka eliphezulu, ibe lula xa kuthelekiswa nezinye ezidlulileyo 600 grams.
• Sniper ingathengwa SVT-40, iimpawu ezivumela umlilo echanileyo, wasiwa imveliso ngo-1940. Lubonakala ngokuba abutment esikhethekileyo wayemenza isixhobo ejolise yaye kuphuculwe umgangatho nokunyanga esiqwini.

• AVT 40 yi ngobuwena oluzenzekelayo kunye uphuculo ezincinane kukhupho indlela ihamile, imbonakalo ufana imodeli esisiseko SVT-38. Nangona umsebenzi abayili bamajikazi ukuba ukudala ucinge oluzenzekelayo ethembekileyo akuphumelelanga, kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo eso iphele ngo-1942.
• UMTHETHO-40 yi carbine oluzenzekelayo, engaquki bendelisele iingcambu emkhosini, nangona wayefuna ukuba umlilo oluzenzekelayo ngenjongo.
• MCA-O ibhekisa kudidi kwezixhobo lokuzingela, izixhobo ze-abunjwe SVT-40 apho yasuswa kule umkhosi vivo reserve. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imveliso linikwa kwi uhlobo kwezixhobo ukuba badubula elinye. Ekhoyo eluntwini ukususela ngo-2012.

Xa ndiqukumbela, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ngenxa imveliso nokuphucula kuyilo umpu ukuba ukhethe yimpumelelo kakhulu ngexesha lemfazwe, kubheja kubekwa phezu inani lezixhobo, kunokuba kwi ubulunga bayo. Ukuba oku kwenzeka kwixesha loxolo, izixhobo ngcono umlilo kuya kwenziwa ngokuthi kususelwe ikuqhuma.