"Makhwelo": imbali yendalo lo mbongo

Xa umsebenzi imbongi Russian kanye umbhali MY Lermontov umbongo njenge uhlobo, kwakunye umxholo eCaucasus isoloko ihlala yindawo ekhethekileyo. "Makhwelo" - umsebenzi obhalwayo kwindawo ubudala oqolileyo kwaye ihlanganise amava ilungileyo umbhali romantic, hayi nje isimbonono uhlobo obubalaseleyo ezintabeni wadala umfanekiso hero inkululeko nenkululeko-bothando.

Imbali unexhala zombongo "Mtsyri" Lermontov abangela umdla phakathi readers. Ngakumbi ke kuba kunceda ukuqonda licebo siseko kunye zokuziphatha lombhali. Ukuze othile kokuba kube nokuqwalaselwa avume hero indlela uvakalisa iingcinga kunye nethemba, tomivshih imbongi ngexesha nzima iRashiya.

Njani ingcamango "abangazi" mbongo

Imbali indalo isekelwe ekwaluphaleni kwakhe abaselula Lermontov. Xa wayeneminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe, washiya inqaku, esasisithi ukuba angathanda ukunikezela enye indalo yakhe ngoontanga tomivshemusya kwi eMonastri (ukuba enxulumene ne entolongweni imbongi-NGO) kunye namaphupha yenkululeko. Lermontov ngokwakhe wabhala ukuba kakhulu nzima naye that moment Mafikeng was ukhetho bemithetho-siseko. Ngoxa iyinto nemvelo neqhayiya ngokupheleleyo umbhali, umsebenzi ayiphumelelanga. Konke oko yaba ukubhala (lo mbongo 30 "bavume" yaye "Boyar Orsha"), akukho oko aphupha umfana.

Imbali i "mfundi" lo mbongo Lermontov: A Maxesha

Hero makhwelo ukuba imifanekiso enxulumene kwimisebenzi engaphambili wembongi. umbongo "Confession" yayibhalwe 1830. isiseko saso omnye oselula yaseSpain le yedwa lowo eMonastri-entolongweni. UTshawe, lowo isigwebo sokufa, ngaba ungazisoli malunga Isiphelo sakhe. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, yena uvukelayo imithetho kunye ebonisa ukukulungela kulwa uthando lwabantu abacinezelayo. Amaphupha akhe kungaqatshelwanga neminqweno wathi seal endala - oku sele bekwazi isiseko sebali "basandula kuqalisa ukuzisebenzisa."

Kungekudala emva koko, imbali yayo indalo yebali "abangazi" ufumana lwalo lokukhawulelana nophuhliso. Ngeminyaka yee-30 Lermontov wabhala enye umbongo - "Boyar Orsha". Intshukumo kwenzeka kulo kwiminyaka eyoyikekayo wokulawula Ivana Groznogo. Ibali lobomi ophambili Arseniy uveza ngqo ziyahlelwa yaseSpain, yaye ezinye imigca iintetho zabo omlilo phindwa phantse ngokupheleleyo. Umbongo entsha, ibali liba ezinokuntsonkotha kubandakanya indlela elula ngebali uthando neschatnoy amakhoboka kunye intombi igosa lakomkhulu amanene. Kamva, imiba ephambili yale misebenzi (ngasendleleni, Lermontov kubo zange ishicilelwe) ziya kufumana ibinzana kwi ibali lo mfundi, evumela ukuba bathethe ngayo ulwalamano lwabo ngqo.

Ngoko ke, kwaqengqeleka iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba ingcamango MY zobutsha Lermontov ezihlanganiswe odumileyo romantic umbongo ibali. Ngoko ke ibali indalo "abangazi" ebewenza iminyaka emininzi umsebenzi yombhali.

Ukuhamba phezu Georgian Military Highway

Umfutho elandelayo ukuze ukuphunyezwa icetyelwe mbongi ikhonkco lokuqala. Ngowe-1837, MU Lermontov, ilandelayo kwindawo "yokuvalelwa", wadlula elinye yoonongendi abaseAfrika kwi weMtskheta (ngoko ngokuba ngemihla yamandulo, ikomkhulu eGeorgia). Apha kwabakho intlanganiso kunye imonki ekhulile, ngubani na ngoku indlela ubalisa ibali kokudalwa 'abangazi lutho. " Lermontov, ngokutsho P. Viskovatov, emva kokuba incoko, babecinga iphupha lakhe endala.

Ngcwaba (njalo-ebizwa Georgian umfundisi eMonastri) waxelela ibali buhlungu sobomi bakhe. Kudala-dala, nkqu kunyaka-emithandathu inkwenkwe, wafukulwa elibanjwa waza waziswa phambi jikelele Russian (ngokwe Lermontov - Yermolov) kulo mmandla. Enye monki ze woonongendi Javari awasabela nangovelwano umntwana waza wemka ekhaya. Umbanjwa ekuqaleni wazama lokuqhankqalaza, wada wenza ukubaleka, phantse yaphela ekufeni kwakhe. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha ke wayeka ngokupheleleyo Isiphelo sakhe waza waqhubeka ngonaphakade uhlala phakathi esakhiweni. Yiyo le bali ophefumlelwe Lermontov ukuba ubhale imbali entsha inkululeko-bothando kunye hero enemvukelo. Ngoko ke bayahlelwa endala Gqiba nembali "mfundi" mbongo lwaba omnye.

Sebenza le mveliso

Ebuya eCaucasus, imbongi wabuyela icebo yakhe endala bamanyane ngokulungelelanisiweyo zakhe ukuva ibali. uhlobo abaseAfrika Wild kunye ezintle, okanye mandithi ubumelwane Javari Monastery, ibekwe kufuphi intlanganisela ezimbini amagorha imilambo Kura kunye Aragvi, na izityalo njenge yangasemva (a uphawu lwemibongo zothando) ukwenzela iziganeko ezenzeka. Bakhumbula neemveliso lwemveli Georgian (umzekelo, ilivo le nengwe zasendle), weva yi Lermontov e uhambo lwangaphambili eCaucasus. Baya kube negalelo kwakhona kakhulu kwi lo mfundi umlinganiswa. Imbali kumbongo, nikhule kuko ngakumbi ebotshelelwe iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ubomi eCaucasus ngeemvakalelo zakho eshiyeke lotyelelo amaninzi kwezi ndawo. Ngenxa yoko, entle ngokukhawuleza okubhaliweyo wazalwa umbongo zothando: ngqangi yakhe walondoloza uphawu umbhali iya kuboniswa ngomhla lokugqitywa: Agasti 5, 1839. Kunye nonyaka ozayo umsebenzi yapapashwa ingqokelela yemibongo wembongi.

ukukhululwa

Imbali kwendalo walo mbongo "Mtsyri" iquka Aksakov ibali malunga nendlela, ngoMeyi 1840 buqu imbongi funda isahluko "Umlo kunye nehlosi" kwi iqela wokuzalwa zombhali, NV Gogol. Umbhali yena wayengekho ngelo epatini, kodwa wathetha iindwendwe angaphambili apho. Ngokutsho kwakhe, i "umntwana" entsha Lermontov kukwamkelwa ngomdla waxhokonxa impendulo eliphilileyo.

Ezinye iinkumbulo ukubazi kunye mbongo washiya AN Iimbovane. Wabhala ukuba ngo-1839 watyelela Tsarskoye Selo, apho ngelo xesha kwakukho imbongi. Ngobunye ubusuku waya Lermontov, owayesebenza kwimeko yimincili, waza wayifunda eyiqala ekuqaleni ukuya ukugqiba i "ezigqwesileyo" umbongo omtsha obizwa "abangazi lutho."

Formation zeenqwelwana iyelenqe

Iqhubekekisa kuva ibali nokudibanisa kunye imveliso ukukhulelwa yembono - naye imbali "abangazi lutho." Lermontov kwaoko beze kunye negama. Idrafti ye umbongo ebizwa ngokuba "Berry". Njengoko ukusebenza kunye embodiments umsebenzi noyilo wokudala header zatshintsha. Igama elithi "Berry" eguqulelwe kwi ngeendlela Russian "indela". Kodwa hero Lermontov iye akakaphumezi isiko ukhakhayi, ngoko ke ngakumbi igama esifanelekileyo "abangazi lutho." Ukongeza, ngolwimi yesiGeorgia, lo gama enye intsingiselo - ungowasemzini, indoda wedwa, kungekho izalamane kunye nabahlobo. Icacisa ngokupheleleyo umlinganiswa ophambili walo mbongo.

umphefumlo Call inempilo

Siphelo konke lo mdala le Javari, esathetha imbongi, namadodana namadoda kulo mbongo ziye ngokwahlukileyo - kwaba Ngokuyintloko indlela yombhali. Okokuqala wayeka ukuya Isiphelo sakhe, waza wahlala woonongendi de ukwaluphala. A Sininqwenelela yesibini nangayiphi na indlela lokukhululeka. Ekufuneni kwakhe yena ukuba ningoyiki ukuthetha phandle nxamnye elingaziwayo, kodwa eli abasondeleyo kuye ihlabathi wendalo. Olu luphawu lobomi simahla ukuba lo mfundi.

Imbali umbongo iquka utshintsho efanayo yobomi kwabakhonkxiweyo abaselula - emilise ixhego ngomoya sizimisele ngakumbi uTshawe, owazalwa eCaucasus.

Kungani makhwelo uyafa

umbongo finale kabuhlungu. Makhwelo, ndingxamele ukufumana umanyano nendalo uyafa. Phantsi kwemithetho hero Romantic ifumana umanyano kunye abaphila kunye naye iminyaka eliqela kwaye simnqwenelela okuhle neemonki, asizanga izinto zendalo wendalo. Makhwelo yalapha yokuqala emoyeni. Le yokugqibela busa phezu imfundo emishini hero.

mbono seIRT "makhwelo", ibali kwendalo mbongo lubonisa umoya enemvukelo wembongi, icime kwi imeko soulless ezazikhona eRussia 30 ngenkulungwane ye-19. Kuyinto iphupha lakhe "yohlobo onzima 'efuna ukulwa yaye ukulungele ukuya befuna ukuba iphele.