"Iingcinga lufe": izibhengezo kwi-mbini le Gorky komphefumlo Russian

Le ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 - yalitshintsha kwimbali kunye ingcamango yabantu. Siye saqonda ukuba ixesha lonke elide eyathatha iminyaka 75 edlulileyo, yaba intsingiselo ethile. Ke intsingiselo yalo ayikwazanga ngcono ukuba wavakalisa theoreticians le socialism. ukugqithisa Ngokwenene anzima, umoya ekucamngceni kwenkulungwane yokuqala yamashumi ukuba 'petrel' ixesha Mxim Gorky amanqaku yakhe enomxholo othi "Iingcinga lufe".

Wobuciko akukho nto ebizwa uxwebhu ophilayo ye revolution. Kule ncwadi, ngaphandle njengabalamli, kunye namanqaku kwindawo oluvakaliswe umbhali ngokunxulumene Oktobha Revolution, ngumba zayo neziphumo yokufika wolawulo ye'Bolshevik omtsha. "Iingcinga lufe" balelwa imveliso ekunene ukuya ngokutsha. Inqaku lokuqala yapapasha "New Life", ngoko ke leyo ebe nenkcaso yoshicilelo ubhalo kakhulu lavalwa.

"Iingcinga lufe" lakhe Krakra ezinxulumene kunye revolution, njengoko sazo zonke izinto ezilindelekileyo eliphezulu ebantwini. Kokukuqwalasela oku intwasahlobo lokuvuselelwa ngokomoya, unobangela ukubuya ingqiqo elide-ezidakileyo kwilizwe, kwakunye isenzo apho abantu baya kuba nako, ekugqibeleni, ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokwabo kwimbali yabo.

Ngoko kwakunjalo kuthotho lokuqala lwamanqaku (out of 58). Kodwa Gorky waqonda emva ekuqaleni iziganeko ka-Oktobha, ukuba mbuso Kuku- kwakhe iyiyo. Yena libhekisela sabasebenzi noloyiso, kunye umbuzo wokuba ingaba utshintsho kuzisa uloyiso kwi "ubomi Russian igqugqisa", nokuba ukukhanya uyabukhanyisela ebumnyameni impilo yabantu. Ngamanye amazwi, kukho sele iminqweno kunye apho umbhali ebizwa esikrakra revolution, aqalile angafuni ubunyani imihla sakujika, ebekungekho namnye unako ukuwubona, nkqu Mxim Gorky.

"Iingcinga lufe" ukuvakalisa kakhulu ngokucacileyo expressionism yombhali, iimpawu zabo zobugcisa ukunika ilungelo ukubiza amanqaku omnye imisebenzi yakhe emihle. Kukho iweb eninzi imibuzo buciko, izigqibo ecacileyo izigqibo, izibheno ngokweemvakalelo. ingcamango lokugqibela kuninzi manqaku uba ukungaboni esisiseko kunye izimvo Gorky yamaBolshevik amazwi. Isizathu soku - i imbono eyahlukileyo ebantwini kunye nesimo sengqondo bohluke kuzo ngokupheleleyo. amanqaku ezikrakra ngexesha passivity efanayo kunye nobudlova nabantu, kunye hit ezandleni zakhe ngamandla mda. Yile umbhali iminyaka emininzi iimeko zokuphila, apho kungekho kukhanya, akukho intlonipho umntu, okanye ukulingana lingaphiwanga nenkululeko.

I-revolution, Noko ke, njengoko kubonisiwe yi "Iingcinga lufe" wethu, nangoku kuyimfuneko. Enye into - ukuhlanganiswa izimvo zalo akhululayo le mome kwegazi ebizwa kunye nazo zonke babhukuqwa. Apha, i "Iingcinga 'enze amava umdla self-ukugxekwa yesizwe. Gorky wasibonisa kakuhle ubuntu ezimbini yabantu Russian. Lo mntu akakwazi obubonakala mihla eyamkelekileyo imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, unako ukwenza i feat, yaye nokuzincama.

Ngenxa yoko, unobangela ukungaphumeleli, ngokutsho Gorky, ukuba ubona nje isininzi enkulu. Hayi "kulawo angoongqikana kwindawo" okanye counterrevolutionaries enetyala amashwa - kwaye ubulima njengesiqhelo Russian, ukunqongophala inkcubeko novakalelo utshintsho zembali. Ngokutsho umbhali, abantu basenethuba umsebenzi elide nzima kufuneka win ulwazi ukuzeyisa, nyulu ebukhobokeni, yantshula kuyo, alumeke umlilo inkcubeko.