Lo moya yokuqala abazalwana Wright: ekuqaleni imbali Aviation

Kutheni abantu kubhabha njengeentaka? Lo mbuzo ibonisa elide-emi iphupha abantu isibhakabhaka kule nqwelo-moya. Ukuze kusigcina, abantu benza bodwa amaphiko wazama ukubhabha, izandla zabo. Inkoliso yezi amalinge lwaphela kukufa onesibindi. Masikhumbule kuphela ilivo mandulo Icarus ...

Umba flight igcisa unomdla kakhulu kwaye luli kunye Umsunguli uLeonardo da Vinci, owayendifundisa isakhiwo iintaka, namaphiko azo. Wazama ukuseka iimpawu ebaleka. Wade wenza zemizobo moya - ngere- le ntaka mihla.

Ukusuka kwimbali ukoyisa wezulu

Ekuqaleni le ndoda yakwazi ekhwela emafini ngebhaluni yomoya. Yaba November 21, 1783. ibhaloni ibhaloni-air luveliswe abazalwana Montgolfier, achola abantu ababini ukuya kubude 1 km yaye kamva phantse isiqingatha seyure zifike ngokukhuselekileyo kumgama km 9.

Ngowe-1853, D. Keighley wakha engenayo yokuqala elula unako ukuphakamisa umntu emoyeni. Ekubeni ukwakhiwa neziwuza iyaphuculwa rhoqo. Noko ke, flight kunye noluhlu ixesha zanda. Yaba impumelelo enkulu, kuba engenayo yesimathane inzima kunezo komoya. Kodwa ke liphupha simahla, elizimeleyo ukuthanda imimoya, olawulwa yi-moya umntu okwangoku ekuye akwaphumelela oko.

Oku ukufikelela kuphela Bratya Rayt (1903), ukudala moya yayo yokuqala. lokuphumelela kwabo ugqibe zizinto ezininzi, kuquka iimpawu zobuqu.

Bratya Rayt: A Biography

Brothers uWilbur and Orvill Rayt wazalwa eUnited States kwintsapho yomfundisi. Iinqobo ze ibandla lamaProtestanti, wabeka phambi kwawo nawuphi na umsebenzi impumelelo onzima, baye zagonywa ukususela ebuntwaneni. Ukuba intsebenzo kwabanceda ukuphumeza iinjongo zabo kunye nokwakha yokuqala ehlabathini moya kunye injini. Kungekudala emva, nencopho inkwenkwezi - ukubhabha yokuqala abazalwana Wright. Kodwa ke imfundo kuphela ephakamileyo, nokuba isikolo aphezulu abazange bakwazi ukugqiba ngenxa yeemeko ebomini. UWilbur kulimale azaba nakuya University Yale. Kwafuneka ukusebenza zokupapasha kwishishini, Orville. Kwandula ke kwabakho wayila wokuqala abazalwana Wright - eendaba yokushicilela loyilo yakhe.

Ngowe-1892, abazalwana wavula umsebenzi ivenkile ibhayisikile ngexesha elifutshane wadala ivenkile yokulungisa, yaye kamva kwasekwa kokukhululwa kwabo. Kodwa lonke ixesha lakhe nanceba ukuba babe moya esingelwe phantsi. Ekugqibeleni, oku ophuma kwintengiso iibhayisekile wabanika imali amalinge amaninzi ekudalweni-moya yokuqala.

Amalungiselelo ukubhabha lokuqala: indlela brilliant

Abazalwana kakhulu kakhulu unomdla ingcamango ballooning. Ukufunda zonke iincwadi ezikhoyo ngexesha lo moya, oluninzi ukudla. Sakha neziwuza eziliqela ngenqwelo kubo, ekufezekiseni iziphumo ezigqwesileyo. Ukuze kwandiswe amandla lokuphakamisa ye iphiko, yemifuniselo olungenasiphelo eyenziwa ngokobuqu wadala kwi tonela umoya. Ndafunyaniswa Ndiphila sisimo ezahlukeneyo iphiko yabe elijikelezayo.

Ngenxa kokunciphisa bekwenziwe ngako indlela yokuqingqa lift.

Kwaye ekugqibeleni, elula ipetroli injini umthamo 12 enjini ukuba inqwelo-moya, kakhulu, bazenzela Bratya Rayt. Njengoko oku kwakhona khange ukhumbule Velikogo Leonardo, ngaphambi kwexesha lakhe!

Yokuqala moya abazalwana Wright

Kule minyaka ezine seziphelile ukususela ekuqaleni yemifuniselo kunye oontloyiya kunye neziwuza, abazalwana aselemhlophe ukuba ulwakhiwo moya ezilawulwa. Lo moya yokuqala abazalwana Wright ebizwa ngokuba "Flyer". airframe eyayenziwe nespruce, bendiza kwakhona ombiwe kweenkuni. Ezinobunzima ka-283 kg amaphiko atshayele izixhobo 12 m.

Ngenxa injini, vesivshego 77 kg kwaye bongamile kokusebenza ezikhoyo elixa analogue,-moya yokuqala malini kwabayili yayo ngaphantsi kwe $ 1,000!

Lo moya yokuqala Wright Brothers '

Uvavanyo akuguquki moya entsha ezicwangciselwe Disemba 1903. Zombini bazalwana, Kakade ke, bekuya kuba ngabokuqala. Ingxaki, bagqiba ilula kakhulu - flip ingqekembe. Ukuba pilot yokuqala yehlabathi uWilbur wawa. Kodwa yena wayengekho lucky. Lo moya ayaba nako ukwenza moya, ekubeni ngoko nangoko emva kusuka ingqubekile waza wenzakala.

Ukuzama wenza sele Orville. NgoDisemba 17, umoya intloko 43 km / h wakwazi phakamisa iyunithi emoyeni ukuya kubude malunga neemitha ezi-3, kwaye ucinezele imizuzwana 12. Ukuvala umgama ukubaleka 36.5 m.

Ngale mini abazalwana yena wenza moya-4. Abokugqibela babo, xa moya kwalingwa yi uWilbur, lwathabatha phantse okomzuzu. A kude ngaphezulu kwe-250 m.

Isimanga, ukubhabha yokuqala abazalwana Wright akazange ukutsala ingqalelo uluntu, nangona babeye abantu abahlanu.

Ngaba kukho indiza?

Ngosuku olulandelayo, emva kokuba abaza ndaba ezimbalwa zapapashwa iingxelo ngayo kuphela, ezingachanekanga wona, wegqitha zifihlakele. Kwaye e Dayton, idolophu le bazame yokuqala, esi siganeko ivuso enyanisweni ngokubanzi kuyaqapheleka.

Kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuchaza into yokuba akukho bani waphawula ukuba lo moya "Flyer II" kwi sele 105 moya ziye zenziwa kunyaka olandelayo! I "Flyer" yesithathu apho abazalwana nazo ezibhabhayo ngokujikeleza Daytona, kwakhona asikazifumani ingqalelo abantu baseRoma.

Ngaphezu koko, ngo-1906, enye Iphephandaba lapapasha inqaku elinomxholo othi "Flyer okanye ulixoki?", Yiyiphi ziyazalana impumelelo abazalwana Wright.

Yaba isizathu sokugcina ezakhokelela isigqibo ukubonisa ihlabathi ukukwazi ukulawula iinqwelo kwi iyunithi, enzinyana komoya. Kwaye ngo-1908, i-moya abazalwana Wright zaye zathuthwa ngaphesheya Atlantic Ocean. Bona abaqalise moya umboniso: uWilbur - eParis kunye Orville - eUnited States.

Abazalwana bade imisitho ukuba athengise wakhe wokusungula, kwaba kakhulu ngempumelelo. Ngaphandle oovulindlela ballooning udumo, bafumene nokwaneliseka eziphathekayo. Lo moya yokuqala abazalwana Wright kwi abaphulaphuli obucacileyo kangangokuba urhulumente US asayina isivumelwano nabo, apho inqaku mali karhulumente ukuze sonikezelo moya sele ifakiwe kunyaka 1909 ukulungiselela iinjongo zomkhosi. Ubonelela kwimveliso amashumi eziliqela iinqwelo-moya.

Le ngozi lokuqala

Ngelishwa, lo moya kuboniswe umphakathi kuqala kwi-moya, kwaye iphawulwe yeyokuqala ezimbalini Aviation intlekele.

Oko kwenzeka ngo September 1908. UOrville Wright "Flyer III", olwalumiselwe isihlalo ezongezelelweyo, amhluba ukusuka kwisiseko yomkhosi Fort Myer. Ngenxa yoko, ekungaphumelelini moya injini ekunene ekhohlo kwi kwincopho, oko ayikwazanga alinganayo. AL - uLieutenant Thomas Selfridge - wafa ngenxa trauma cranial xa ibetha emhlabeni. UOrville ngokwakhe babaleka Ukophuka kasikrobana kunye iimbambo.

Ngaphandle koku, le mvumelwano yaqukunjelwa kunye emkhosini. Kwaye ukuba imbeko abazalwana Wright kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le ngozi kuphela ezinkulu eziye zenzeka kule minyaka kunye nabo.

Noko ke, ngo-1909, ngumntu flight kwetyala e-Paris namadlelo kwingozi wabulala omnye umqhubi Lefebvre French, umfundi abazalwana Wright. Oku isizathu sokuba Russia sele ukulungele ukuba asayine isivumelwano sokubonelela-moya, wabashiya.

Uphuhliso ukundiza

Njengabo ezifunyaniswe ezininzi enkulu yabantu, iinqwelo-moya ziye zasetyenziswa kuqala iinjongo zomkhosi. Lo moya wokuqala waqala ukuba kusetyenziswa leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi ngokohlobo sokuhlola zasemoyeni. Ebudeni kuyo, kwaye kwacaca ukuba lo moya senziwa similise amandla ukuloyisa ukuba kufuneka bathwale izixhobo kunye iibhombu.

Umoya yegusha lokuqala nawo ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi I, umqhubi Russian Petrom Nesterovym.

Emva kwemfazwe, iinqwelo baqalisa kusetyenziselwa ukuthutha izinto likaxakeka, email kakhulu. Emva koko, bekukho ezithwala. Ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, yaye sonwabile ehlabathini zikhokelele moya ukuba abahambi.

Ekugqibeleni, ukuphuculwa zothutho umoya kuye, ndayihluthwa emininzi imisebenzi zaselwandle kunye nemizila kaloliwe. isantya yaba uncedo olungundoqo eyama, ingakumbi nokufika moya supersonic.

Orvill Rayt, owafa eyi 77 ngo-1948, yakwazi ukubona indlela moya liye lasetyenziswa ngokubanzi ehlabathini. Uilbur Rayt waba lixhoba yesifo ngo-1912.

Lo moya yokuqala abazalwana Wright ngoku ithatha indawo imbeko kwiNational Aviation Museum kunye nenkqubo space US. Waziwa ngcono kungekhona "Flyer I", kwakunye "Kitty Hawk" - isihloko ndawo apho kuqala wazithabathela emoyeni, yaye ngaloo ndlela wavula Ixesha ukoyisa lomoya nolwandle.