Ivan Bohun - Zaporizhia Army sikhulu. History of Ukraine

Phakathi iinjengele, owakukhupha phakathi kwinkulungwane XVII umzabalazo Zaporizhzhya Cossacks nxamnye ungenelelo Polish, eyona idumileyo Colonel Ivan Bohun. Ngeli xesha nzima ukuba izwe kwakhe wazibonakalisa kungekuphela nje ngokuthanda lokwenyaniso, kodwa ibe yinkokeli onesiphiwo yasemkhosini, bakwazi ukuqhuba imisebenzi entsimini, nasekuziphenduleleni kwam kwizixeko. Uninzi imisebenzi eyenziweyo bangena yemihla imbali kwaye ube uhlobo incwadi abathetheli elizayo.

Esakhula abafakwe kwimbali

Imbali engafakwanga ulwazi authentic ngobuntwana bakhe kwiminyaka yokuqala yobomi. Nditsho umhla wokuzalwa yaziwa malunga kuphela. Kukholelwa ukuba elizayo wazalelwa Colonel ngo-1618 e-Bratslav. Nkqu igama lakhe impikiswano phakathi abaphandi. Abanye bona njengento isiteketiso, ekubeni igama elithi "Bohun" in Ukrainian ithetha kwipali okusula iminatha. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ulutsha Ivan opasiswe Wild Field - ummandla emathafeni phakathi Dniester kunye Don.

Qala enkonzo ukuya lweZwekazi

Le yokuqala ubungqina obubhaliweyo Ivan Bohun akhombe inxalenye yakhe kwimvukelo nxamnye Hetman iindwalutho, elikhokelwa yintloko Zaporozhye Cossacks Jacob Ostryanina. igama lakhe ukwadityaniswe ukuba episode adumileyo kumzabalazo inkululeko yesizwe - isihlalo Azov. Phakathi kwiminyaka emihlanu (1637 - 1642) kunye ne-Cossacks Don Cossacks yenqaba umkhosi Turkish ka Sultan Ibrahim, lo singqingiwe njalo ke isixeko Azov. Kule ukuziphendulela zobugorha Cossack njengebutho phantsi umyalelo Bohun akhuselwe ezintshabeni ngobuchule kwindawo ebalulekileyo - Borevskuyu ekudibaneni Seversky Donets.

Xa ngo-1648 imvukelo kwavuka phantsi kokukhokelwa Bogdana Hmelnitskogo, okubangelwa ngokomeleza of the Polish feudal ingcinezelo kunye nelungelo nokuncitshiswa Cossack Ivan Bohun phakathi kweenkokeli zayo. emva konyaka, njengoko Vinnitsa isikhulu, wayiqhubela iminyaka eliqela zokhuselo nxamnye amajoni Polish Vinnitsa kunye Bratslav. Apha, ngamandla engaqhelekanga walibonakalisa italente yakhe ubunkokheli wamvumela kuye, ngenkxaso umphakathi komzi, woyisa ukudilika.

Berestetskaya emfazweni kunye nephulo e Moldova

I-episode elandelayo indlela yakhe akrelekrele yasemkhosini imfazwe phakathi kwemikhosi i Zaporozhye Cossacks kunye imikhosi ye-Commonwealth, kwenzeka ekuqaleni kukaJuni 1651 kwidolophu Berestechko kwi Styr River. Kulo edabini, Cossacks, namahlakani abanyanisekileyo AmaTatar boyiswa, kodwa ngenxa Bohun akwazi ukufumana ngokwaneleyo ngaphandle kokusingqongileyo baqhubeke ekulweni. Wakhethwa ngaphambi kokuba hetman, yena wahlukile ibe yinkokeli kwizilumko neengqondi.

Ngowe-1653 umkhosi Cossack phantsi umyalelo we Ivana Boguna kunye Timofeya Hmelnitskogo - nyana Bogdana Hmelnitskogo, wenza uhambo lokuya Moldova. Lo msebenzi yaphela ukufa unyana hetman-mkhosi Zaporizhzhya Cossack angoyiswa. Kanye imeko enzima kakhulu, Bohun wakwazi ngokwaneleyo ukuze ukurhoxisa amajoni lawo kokusingqongileyo, uthabathe umzimba kaTimoti. Kude kube sekupheleni elandelayo, 1654, yena inxaxheba kumaphulo amaninzi nxamnye nabaphumi-Commonwealth, waza wangena kunye nabo Union of Tatar amajoni. Imimandla ezingundoqo imisebenzi yayo yasemkhosini kwelo thuba Bratslavshchina kunye neendawo zokwakha.

A lweli ukuzimela-mkhosi Zaporizhzhya

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Ivan Bohun kwakukho iqela komsindo naziphi na iinzame wamanyelwa ngokuchasana namalungelo akhe amalungelo Cossack. Oku isizathu sengqondo yako emibi kakhulu ukuya Bogdanom Hmelnitskim esatyikitywa ngoSeptemba 1651 Belotserkovskii ihlabathi. Xa ungena kwesi sivumelwano kunye izibonda, Cossacks Ukrainian hetman anqunyulwe onke amalungelo, eveliswe nabo kweli khondo ukuya kwe wombhodamo ekungxoleni 1648.

Ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo Bohun yaba umchasi baze rapprochement kunye eMoscow. Xa ngo-1654 e-Pereyaslavl ke edume isigqibo ummandla umbutho, owayephethe i Zaporozhian Umamkeli, ne-Russia, Vinnytsia isikhulu akazange baye kwipalamente yaye akazange eze ndawonye lonke isifungo Russian Tsar. Xa melly Khmelnitsky Wafa Bohun zonke kukhuthazwe Hetman Ivana Vygovskogo kunye Yuriya Hmelnitskogo kwiinzame zazo ukuseka kokuzimela Cossacks ekusombululeni imiba yomgaqo-nkqubo basekhaya angaphandle. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, eveza kwimizamo yabo rapprochement neentshaba yemveli le Cossacks - Poland ne Turkey.

Matshi ku Poland nonobangela ukungaphumeleli

Ngowe-1656 ukuma ebalulekileyo Cossack phantsi umyalelo hetman Anton Zhdanovicha benza iinyanga ezininzi alingenele kummandla Poland. Injongo yawo ukunceda Wallachian namabutho Swedish, imisebenzi yokulwa ephambili nxamnye iiyunithi yokumkani Polish. Phakathi kwezinye abathetheli kwakukho Ivan Bohun. Ehlahla indlela yabo ngomlilo nangekrele, i Cossacks ifikelele Krakow, Warsaw kunye Brest. Kodwa ke kwenzeka into engalindelekanga: i Cossacks, ndakuqonda ukuba eli phulo lwenzeka ngaphandle kwemvume Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, leyo wafunga, wenqaba ukuqhubeka imfazwe. Ngenxa yoko, amawaka amajoni ngehlobo lowe-1657 wabuyela Hetman.

Isivumelwano Vygovskogo utshaba

Kwiminyaka emibini kamva kwakukho isiganeko uyathukwa ngokunzulu iimvakalelo wokuthand ka Ivana Boguna. NgoSeptemba 1658 kwisixeko isivumelwano Gadyach yasayinwa phakathi hetman Ivanom Vygovskim kunye Poland. Ngokutsho kolu xwebhu, lo mmandla ka Zaporizhia Army wayefanele ukuba ibe yinxalenye ye-Commonwealth phezu amalungelo ilungu sesithathu umanyano bilateral iPoland Lithuania. Esi senzo ihlazo wayengekho ukufumana amandla, njengoko na kuphasiswe yi-Polish Sejm.

Noko ke, wenza ukuba le mvukelo wamvusa Bohun kunye nabaxhasi bakhe nxamnye Vygovskogo. Ngenxa yoko, umngcatshi elinomdla yesizwe woyiswa kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba abhacele ePoland. Ngokufanayo, Vinnytsia Colonel wakwazi ukuxhathisa Yuriyu Hmelnitskomu, ongene 1660 Slaboschensky imbali, kungenela kwamalungelo Cossacks.

sunset career empini

Emva konyaka, waba sashiya Bohun Duchy of Lithuania, yaye ngowe-1661, wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe, yena inxaxheba kunye Yuriem Hmelnitskim kwi edabini nxamnye kubathetheli ababini Russian - Gregory kunye Gregory Kosagova Ramodanovskogo. Kwezi amadabi impumelelo zomkhosi uyemka kuye. Ukwenza izinto mbi, ngexesha elifutshane wabanjwa nezibonda.

Emva kokuchitha ixesha elithile entolongweni, wakhululwa nguKumkani, kodwa imeko ukuba uya kuthabatha inxaxheba kwiphulo labo nxamnye Left Bank. In Yana Isicwangciso Kazimira wayeza nomlilo nekrele ukoyisa bonke abantu basekuhlaleni ukusuka eKiev ukuya Novgorod Seversky. Ngentliziyo esinzima waya lomkhankaso Ivan Bohun, kodwa ngokhetho akazange.

Inkcaso nezibonda, yaye ukufa kabuhlungu

Imbali ibonisa ukuba ukususela kwimihla yangaphambili Cossack sikhulu iqala ukwenzakalisa nezibonda, kwaye wenza konke okusemandleni ukuze kuphazamisa izicwangciso zabo. Kwangaxeshanye, likhusela ngokuchaseneyo kokutshatyalaliswa mzi, zifakwe phantsi neeyunithi zakhe umyalelo. Njengokuba ungenakubalwa umkhosi Yana Kazimira akazange abe imikhosi ezaneleyo ukudala iinkampu ezinabantu, sisiphumo mvukelo yaba abemi zokuhlala ezininzi eseleyo emva regiments phambili.

Xa imikhosi Commonwealth kungqinga Glukhov, Ivan Bohun wenza konke okusemandleni ukubonelela uncedo kubahlali bayo. Ekubeni ilungu lebhunga wamajoni yomkhosi Polish, wayesazi zonke iinkcukacha yesaqhwithi ozayo, wazinika abavikeli mzi. Ukongeza kwingcaciso zokusebenza ezibalulekileyo, wakwazi uthubelezise emithini ungqingwe kwazo kunye nuclei. izicwangciso walo wawuquka nkqu yokuhlaselwa ngasemva zezibonda, xa kuya kusetyenziswa uluhlu kuloo mzi.

Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, kule imisebenzi yakhe kwazeka kuwo ukumkani, wayala ukubanjwa ngoko nangoko Bohun. Kungekudala intlanganiso yentsimi wenkundla zomkhosi, igwebe Cossack sikhulu kwaye abaliqela abalandeli bakhe ekufeni. Esi sivakalisi wabulawa ngoko nangoko. Kwathi ngoFebruwari 17, 1664. Ngaloo ndlela yafa imikhosi Zaporizhzhya hero Ivan Bohun, ogama engobomi kuhlangene kumzabalazo nxamnye Hetman of abahlaseli Polish.

Ukraine uye walilondoloza memory yonyana wakhe anobukroti. Emva kokuba revolution, webutho, owawukhokelwa UNikolai Shchors, ogama Bogunovskim. Lo mbutho uthiywe eKiev Military Lyceum. Emizini ezininzi Ukraine Ivan Bohun ogama ezitratweni, yaye ngowe-2007, ibhanki National Ukrainian wakhupha ingqekembe kunye nomfanekiso wakhe. Ukukhunjulwa hero begcinelwe a agobe imbeko wakhe popular Ukrainian ingoma yesintu.