Ilizwe ephambili kwimveliso oli ehlabathini: Saudi Arabia, iRashiya, i-United States

Ioli - umthombo wamandla ephambili yale planethi namhlanje. Nje kwenzeka ikwabizwa ngokuba igolide omnyama. Leliphi ilizwe yeenkokheli oli ehlabathini namhlanje? Oku uya kufunda kweli nqaku.

Global oovimba namafutha

Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo: "Yintoni amazwe umvelisi oyile beyiqhuba ehlabathini namhlanje", kufuneka ukwahlula ngokucacileyo phakathi ingcamango "ioli" yaye "kwimveliso ye-oyile".

Phantsi loovimba oli ehlabathini, izazinzulu bacinga ukuba imali zezibonelelo ezinokuthi kukhutshwa elingaphakathi koMhlaba kwi kuphuhliso ubuchwepheshe bale mihla. Kukho ukuhlelwa ezininzi loovimba: ingahlolwa bona, zivavanywe, ebathembisa ukubheka phambili zivavanywe, njalo-njalo ..

units for loovimba oli jikelele, kukho ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, eRashiya kunye UK ukuvavanya kwiitoni resource esetyenziswa Canada kunye Norway - cubic metre, kwamanye amazwe amaninzi - nemigqomo.

Itotali oovimba "zegolide abamnyama" ehlabathini namhlanje kuqikelelwa inani iitoni 240 yezigidi-gidi. Malunga ne-70% ye woovimba zehlabathi bebekelwa kumazwe OPEC - kumbutho koorhulumente, idibanisa kunye inani leoli-ukuvelisa States.

Top amazwe amahlanu nephambili ngokwemiqathango koovimba oyile (ngo-2014), ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Iran kunye Iraq.

Amazwe phambili kwimveliso ye-oyile: top ezilishumi

Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo izazinzulu, okokuqala lo mthombo wamandla isusiwe emhlabeni kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesibhozo. Kwathi kwi Absheron Peninsula. Zeziphi amazwe ihamba umvelisi oli ehlabathini namhlanje?

Eyaziwa Umphandi malunga nemiba yemveliso oli ehlabathini VN Shchelkachev wabalaselisa 1979. Phambi imveliso imbali nelandelelanayo olu bonelelo kabini yonke leminyaka. Kodwa emva 1979 izinga lokukhula kwimveliso ye-oyile langa lancipha kakhulu.

Ngenxa yoko, iinkokeli lizwe kwimveliso ye-oyile ukuza kuthi ga ngoku (kwizibiyeli ipesenti kwemveliso ye-oli ehlabathini):

• Saudi Arabia (12.9%);
• Russia (12.7);
• USA (12.3);
• China (5.0);
• Canada (5.0);
• Iran (4.0);
• UAE (4.0);
• Iraq (3.8);
• Kuwait (3,6);
• Venezuela (3,3).

Lilonke, phantse 67% yeoli minyaka kula mazwe.

Kukho iingxelo ukuba likhulu ioli umvelisi eli lizwe kolu luhlu kungekudala ukuba uhlele. NgoMeyi 2015 i-Russian Federation akufunde izibilini behlabathi million 500 imiphanda ngaphezu Saudi Arabia.

Ishishini oyile e Saudi Arabia

Amazwe amaninzi, ezi zikhokelela ioli umlimi ehlabathini namhlanje ibekwe kuMbindi Mpuma. Omnye wabo Saudi Arabia. Kuba okokuqala oyile yabhaqwa apha ngo-1930. Emva kwesi siganeko, le meko Arab ngokomgangatho siguqulwe.

Namhlanje, lonke uqoqosho Saudi Arabia swi ukuthunyelwa imithombo ye-eneji. Zonke iidipozithi of "zegolide abamnyama" kweli lizwe ilawulwa yi-Saudi Aramco. Isibonelelo oyili kwimarike yehlabathi wazisa Saudi Arabia kwi-90% inzuzo zizonke! kwimveliso ye-oyile aphezulu umfutho kuphuhliso, kunye namanye amashishini ezininzi kweli lizwe.

Eyona engundoqo abathengi yeoli Arabia - i-US, kwakunye amazwe kwiMpuma Asia. Nangona isibakala sokuba Saudi Arabia yinkokheli epheleleyo ekuveliseni oli ehlabathini, imigangatho yokuphila yabantu kweli lizwe ayide phezulu ngokwaneleyo.

Iimpawu zoshishino oyile e Russia

Russia - lizwe bazizinhanha kwihlabathi koovimba yezimbiwa ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphandle ioli, oveliswa yandile igesi yendalo omkhulu, amalahle kunye nesinyithi non-ayoni.

Ngo-Russia, i "igolide black" akukho kuphela geni, kodwa ukuqhubekekiswa ngokubonakalayo, ukuvelisa uluhlu iimveliso zepetroliyam: ipetroli, i-oyile amafutha, idizili, njl Kodwa ke, umgangatho ezi mveliso Nangoku phezulu ngokwaneleyo, nto leyo yingxaki enkulu ngenxa kumazwe kwabo ukulwela kwimarike yehlabathi .. .

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imeko kwishishini oyile Russian iye yangcono noko. Ngokukodwa, ukwanda utyalo-mali (utyalo-mali) kweli candelo. Ngcembe ukwandisa ubunzulu of yokucokisa oyile - namhlanje inani eRashiya imalunga 71%.

kwimveliso ye-oyile nokusulungekiswa kwi US

United States of America phakathi abavelisi inkulu ehlabathini ezintathu ngayo engahluzwanga iimveliso oyile kunye petroleum. Urhulumente ithumela nje kuphela "igolide black", kodwa bakhuthalele ukuba athenge evela kwamanye amazwe. into emangalisayo: agqitywe ngonyaka 4 ngaphezulu ioli kunokuba geni eUnited States.

1761 - oku inani rigs zokomba ezisebenzayo kwi US namhlanje. 56 kubo waphinda oli ekrwada ukusuka kwithala elwandle.

Ishishini oyile American, kuqala kwiinto zonke, urhulumente ezintathu kufuneka ziphawuliwe: kuba Alaska, California kunye eTexas. Ukongeza, kukho ekuthiwa-qhinga Petroleum Reserve eUnited States - uvimba qhinga se-oli ekrwada, ekufuneka kuba yanele okokuba ilizwe iintsuku ezingama-90 (ixesha likaxakeka). Le reserve iphaphatheke ukuya kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo USA kwaye igcinwe uphahla netyuwa komhlaba.

Ekuphetheni ...

Ngoko ke, eli lizwe phambili ioli umlimi ehlabathini - kuba Saudi Arabia, eRashiya nase-United States. Ezi States kumbiwa ukusuka emhlabeni malunga ne-37% yemveliso yehlabathi icebo.