Isakhiwo lokuqonda

isakhiwo ukwazi inzima kakhulu - ngenxa yokuba lo mba osezingqondweni esibonakala ukungacaci. Oku kwaqatshelwa kuqala uSigmund Freud. Sazi kuqaliswa kuqala kwikota Ukumka "preconscious" - ukumisela unxibelelwano phakathi iinkqubo unconscious ezibangelwa umsebenzi ngengqondo, nokuphila kwabantu. Kodwa ke, Freud bashiya le mbono. Xa umsebenzi wakhe kamva, yena ecetywayo esitsha isakhiwo psyche: i unconscious - abazi - superconscious.

noseko lwalo (Freud) zenza iinkqubo unconscious emele pulses amandla ethile engqondweni, kunye neminqweno elithile labantu abafuna. Ubume lokuqonda ayibandakanyi zonke ezi zinto. Nabo ke, ukuba injongo, oko kukuthi ngokuzama ukuba kwangoko kwaneliswa. iinkqubo unconscious kokuba ngaphandle osezingqondweni, nazo nehlabathi ngaphandle. iinkqubo ezinjalo ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka ulwazi amava sensory kunye zizimvo ivele lenkosikazi ovela isakhiwo sezingqondweni. Freud ayekholelwa ukuba zonke ezi ngezenzeko zixhomekeke ibinzana lwamandla izangoma inkanuko yesini - yobuntu. Ngoko ke, lo bulumko weza wafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba zingqondweni yintoni unobangela abantu yobukhoboka ngokomoya.

umsebenzi Mental, njengoko Freud wacinga, kuquka i "Mna" - inxalenye ukuba umntu uyakwazi ukulawula kunye nolawulo. Ubume lokuqonda kwenza kube lula ukuyila iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha, baqikelele iziphumo, ibonisa ihlabathi ngaphandle.

Ngandlel 'ithile, lo "Mna" le umlamleli phakathi "Oko" (i zingqondweni) kunye nehlabathi ngaphandle, phakathi iinkanuko notyekelo kwelinye icala, kunye nolwaneliseko babo kwelinye icala. Kwi indlela efanayo ekufezekisweni izenzo ungayinqweneli umntu okumfaneleyo yokuziphatha.

Ilungu lesithathu psyche Freud superconscious ( "superego"). Ezi iimveliso ukuba ziphuhliswe ukuze inkcubeko sezingqondweni. Ezi ikakhulu ziquka izithethe zentlalo, isithethe, inkqubo ethile nezithintelo kunye nemimiselo. Wonke umntu efunda, kunye nabo bonke ukuba kufuneka ingqalelo xa kusenziwa imisebenzi yayo. Ngokutsho Freud, "-ego super" kwi ezingqondweni ibonakalisiwe ngokohlobo yesazela. Oko kukuthi, eli candelo ebangela ukuba umntu azive ityala, ihlazo, njalo-njalo. D.

Ngenxa yoko, Freud weza wafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba uxinzelelo ngokugqithiseleyo "superego" (malunga kumhloli karhulumente) ikhuthaza ukuyilwa ubuntu enesiphako, oko deforms, ehamba umntu ehlabathini nolulahlekisayo. Uxinzelelo ezwi "super-ego" phezu inxalenye, ukusa kumkhamo othile ukumqumbisa ukwanda ngamandla zingqondweni. Kulo mzekelo, i isiqaqa uqala ukuya ngaphaya impembelelo bayazi kuye ngokuthi "Mna". Kulo mba, Freud wakholwa, kufuneka afune imilo kakuhle, nto leyo eza kudibanisa i "Kubhaliwe" yaye "superego."

Yintoni na isakhiwo sezingqondweni ocetywayo ngamanye ababhali?

abaphandi eziliqela ezichongiweyo iinkalo ezine.

Le yokuqala ezinxulumene nemisebenzi yabantu, ngokusekelwe apho kukho ulwazi ephambili ngehlabathi. Ngaloo ndlela usebenzisa ezinjalo iintlobo kwingqiqo, njengokuba umelo, imbono, kuyabuya.

Umba lwesibini enxulumene ndlela kwande. Eyona nto kujoliswe apha ukuqonda undoqo leyinene eziphathekayo. Ukulungiselela le njongo, intekelelo, ingqiqo, izigwebo.

Umba wesithathu kuthathwa umda, ngamava ayinyani-nasengqondweni. Icandelo ngokweemvakalelo kule meko akukho oluthe ngqo kunye nehlabathi ngaphandle.

Into yesine kuthathwa ukuba element lixabiso-inkuthazo. Ibhekisela iintshukumisa aphezulu, eziqulethwe zokomoya emntwini, ukukwazi kwakhe ukutolika ngobuchule kwenzeka ngohlobo intuition, iimbono, iingcinga.

inkqubo Epistemological lokuqonda kufuna ukuba izimvo izifundo ulwazi, kubonakala ethile amacala ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu, kuquka abasemagunyeni ezinxulumeneyo. Kule meko, siza kuqwalasela imiba eyahlukeneyo. Ubume lokuqonda lezopolitiko kuquka izinto ezifana emibonweni psychology of namandla. Ukongeza, icandelo ngalinye intsingiselo yalo ekhethekileyo.