Inkqubo adiabatic

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba elula, kwaye ke ngoko kufuneka Kuyaziwa kwindalo, ebonisa lonaniselwano lwamandla, ngayo shushu umzimba xa zochuku. Ezi nkqubo zonke indawo. transfer Ubushushu ikhona utshintsho eziguquguqukayo ngomatshini, imichiza, umbane, bemvelo kunye nezinye. transfer Ubushushu kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ubukho izinto eziphilayo. Sele le ezahlukeneyo ukwenza izinto kokungcola aphethe ukuba la kunokuba zombini yingenelo kwaye iyingozi, nangona yintoni ingxaki isonjululwe umphandi okanye umtyali-mali. Oko kukuthi, kwezinye iimeko, kufuneka ukuba balahle ubushushu, ukudala iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze nasiphi na isixhobo, isixhobo okanye iyunithi.

It elisombulula ingxaki lwe data inkqubo adiabatic emele ukutshintshwa kwenkqubo thermodynamic apho kungekho utshintshiselwano ngamandla obushushu kwenkqubo kunye nokusingqongileyo. kanye Igama le esenzeka iintetho ngolwimi Greek ngendalo - ". kuloo mmandla" adiabatic okanye, njengoko balibiza, lo adiabatic kuthetha

Abaphengululi yamandulo abanomdla kwezi ziganeko, kodwa ngokwenene ukufunda lwenzululwazi zendalo ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-17, xa imigaqo yokuqala senkolelo zaye aliqulunqileyo, livela ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi wophando. Phakathi izazinzulu yokuqala ababefunda inkqubo adiabatic, leyo zikhankanyiwe Gericke, uRobert Boyle, Edme Mariotte. Le yokugqibela zimbini ezi nkolelo yokuqala kule entsimini, uqulunqe ezaziwayo-kakuhle umthetho kaBoyle. Yemifuniselo yokuqala kule ndawo eqhutywe igesi, ngoko inxalenye enkulu imithetho okuluphawu inkqubo adiabatic, kweyela kolu bume yokoqobo. Kamva, ububanzi uphando liye landiswa kakhulu, ezinzulu namhlanje adiabatic wafunda ngendlela ezahlukeneyo iimeko, kuquka inqanaba By.

Umba phambi kwethu inkqubo adiabatic unemvelo elandelayo indlela ukubonakaliswa kwayo. Ukuba iziganeko eqhelekileyo thermodynamic abayinqobo kobushushu ubukho, nto leyo ifunyenwe ngenxa leendibano ezahlukeneyo olutshintshatshintshayo kunye nokusingqongileyo, kulo mzekelo, kunomfana loo lungenzeki.

Kukho indlela ukubonisa inkqubo adiabatic ngokwezibalo, ifomula, nto leyo kule meko iya kwahluka ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo.

Le ndlela yokubala ngokubanzi ibonisa oku ziyenzeka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: A = -VU, apho A - umsebenzi enza le nkqubo ngokwasemzimbeni, VU - nobungakanani botshintsho yayo amandla lwangaphakathi.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi iinkqubo adiabatic:

- exposure single adiabatically-isochoric wenziwe, ngenxa apho komsebenzi thermal lihlala umthamo rhoqo umxube kuphela (V). Operation (A), njengoko kubonakala ukusuka ifomula, kulo mzekelo, iya kulingana zero;

- ebonakala umxube igesi ucinezelo uvavanyo adiabatically-isobaric, ngamanye umthamo wayo lifinyele, kwaye nomsebenzi iba engenaxabiso;

- adiabatically-isothermal na iipropati uguqulo ngokunxulumene ethambisayo uphawuleka ukwanda umthamo (okt, ukwandiswa zomzimba), kwaye ixabiso emsebenzini HIV.

Kukho imizekelo yeenkqubo adiabatic, ezo kuphunyezwa zonke iintlobo ngendalo, kunye neendlela ezenziwe ngabantu kunye nezixhobo. Ngaloo ndlela, ubukho babo uyaqapheleka andise isandi kwi igesi. Yaye ngenene nendawo Umhlaba yinkqubo adiabatic isikali apho yeegesi of eyenza oko, senza umsebenzi othile, iyinika lamandla. Le thiyori ngoku kwandiselwa kwezinye izinto ngeenkwenkwezi.

Ezi nkqubo zikhona kuzo zonke oomatshini thermal kunye neendlela: zikaloliwe, zikaloliwe idizili, iinjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi kunye nezinye apho kuyimfuneko ngaphandle ukutshintshwa ubushushu.