Ivan Shmelev: engobomi, photo kunye nobuchule

Shmelev Ivan Sergeyevich - umbhali odumileyo Russian. Xa umsebenzi wakhe, wachaza ubomi amacandelo ngacandelo oluntu, kodwa ingakumbi enovelwano, echaza ubomi "indoda encinane." Photo Ivana Shmeleva ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi.

Origin Shmelev

Ivan Sergeyevich wazalwa September 21, 1873. Waye uhlobo Zamoskvoretskaya abarhwebi. Noko ke, urhwebo kwinzala encinane kayise. Sasiqulethe maqula ezininzi nabachweli nentsebenziswano. Shmelev mkhaya Amakholwa Old, yindlela hlobo, lwentando yesininzi. Amakholwa Endala, njengokuba kubanini, kunye nabasebenzi eziqhelekileyo abahlala abantu bedolophu yethu babesondelelene. Kufuneka balandele imithetho jikelele kubo bonke, ngokomoya kunye nemigaqo yokuziphatha. Ivan Shmelev wakhulela kusemnandi ukuvumelana jikelele kunye nobuhlobo. Ke sathatha bonke okuhle kubudlelwano babantu. Kule minyaka la mava lwabantwana zazibonakala kwimisebenzi yakhe.

Nolwazi ezakudala

Ekhaya Education Ivan Sergeyevich eganiweyo ikakhulu unina. Yaba yena ngulowa wafundisa unyana wakhe ukuba ufunde lukhulu. Ngoko Ivan ebuntwaneni wayeqhelene umsebenzi ababhali ezifana Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoy, Turgenev, kunye nabanye. Isifundo ngazo ubomi bakhe. Kamva wafunda Izabelo Ivan Shmelev. ngobomi bakhe kuphawulwa nzulu ngolwazi zoncwadi. Ivan Sergeyevich wavuya ukufunda incwadi Leskov, Korolenko, Uspensky, Melnikov Pechenskogo. Ngandlel 'ithile ukuba izithixo zakhe zoncwadi. Kakade ke, oku akuzange ayeke isiphumo lokusekwa umbhali elizayo Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina. Oku kuqinisekiswa kamva esebenza Shmelev: ". Ukungaziwa Pushkin" "Ideal ongunaPhakade", "Ubuncwane yentlanganiso",

bt zoncwadi

Ivan Shmelev, ogama engobomi sinomdla ke, wenza bt bakhe ngumbhali ngo-1895. Kulindixesha "Russian Review" yapapashwa ibali lakhe "i Mill". Lo msebenzi ibhekisa lokusekwa ubuntu iindlela zomntu ukuba isakhono neengcambu iingxaki zobomi, ukuqonda isiphelo kunye nesimo ngabantu abaqhelekileyo.

Le ncwadi, wenza ukuphoxeka

Emva umtshato wakhe umfazi oselula waya kwisiqithi Valaam, apho yoonongendi amandulo hermitages, Shmelev Ivan Sergeyevich.

Biography of ababhali abaninzi lubonakala kumsebenzi wabo, yaye Shmelev - kungekho ngaphandle. Isiphumo sale Uhambo le ncwadi "On nasemaweni uBhileham ...". ncwadi zawo umbhali thomo nokuphoxeka ezininzi. Isibakala sokuba Pobedonostsev oberprokuror Sinodi oyiNgcwele, ngaye le ncwadi yayiza kubanjelwa, afumaneka imveliso kwintetho ukunyelisa. Shmelev ekugqibeleni Kwanyanzeleka ukuba ayinqamle isicatshulwa, ukutshintsha umsebenzi, angabi indalo yakhe ompe yombhali. Oku usakhathazwa Ivan Sergeyevich. Wagqiba ukuba umsebenzi zoncwadi - hayi indlela yakhe. Emva koko Ivan Sergeyevich wabhala phantse-10 iminyaka. Noko ke, kwakufuneka ndondle ngandlel 'intsapho yakhe. Ngoko ke, ndagqiba ekubeni ukufumana umthombo entsha wengeniso Shmelev Ivan Sergeyevich. Biography iminyaka engaphezulu yobomi bakhe uya nangoku enxulumene uncwadi. Kodwa ngoxa wagqiba ukuba benze ntoni into enye.

Ivan Shmelev uba igqwetha

Ivan Sergeyevich wagqiba ekubeni angene University eMoscow ukuze bafumane kwikhono lezomthetho. Ingako itshintshileyo ukususela ngelo xesha, yaye okona kubalulekileyo - bume zombhali. Esi sikolo wabhaliswa isizukulwana esitsha zizifundiswa. Ivan Sergeyevich wathetha nabantu abafundileyo elikrelekrele kwandisa ngamandla ize ukuphuhlisa ubuntu bakhe kunye nobuchule. Waphumelela kwiYunivesithi ngo-1898. Ivan Shmelev esithile ixesha bakhonza e Moscow, umncedisi ligqwetha (isikhundla sezantsi). Emva koko waya Vladimir. Apha Ivan Sergeyevich waqalisa ukusebenza umhloli irhafu. Nakuba lo msebenzi Shmelev yesiqhelo, njengomntu creative, ndakwazi ukufumana zalo eziluncedo. Yena wasondela amava akhe oba ngexesha uhambo amaninzi liphondo, ukutyelela zokulala ephithizelayo. Ngoko ngokuthe ngcembe efunde izimvo yeencwadi zakhe elizayo.

Ukubuyela kule umsebenzi wokubhala

Shmelev ngo 1905 wagqiba kwelokuba abuyele yokubhala. Kulindixesha "ingcamango Russian" yaye "Ukufunda waBantwana" yaqala ukubonakala imisebenzi yakhe. Baba ezincinane, iisampulu kunokuba unentloni, uvavanyo lwe Shmelev ngokwakhe entsimini ababhali. ekugqibeleni Ukungaqiniseki wanyamalala. Ivan Sergeyevich ekugqibeleni naqiniswa wakhetha. Wagqiba ukushiya inkonzo. Ivan Shmelev wafika kwikomkhulu. Ngowe-1907 yaqalisa kwisigaba esitsha yomsebenzi wakhe zoncwadi.

Ngoko namava luncedo yokunxibelelana nabantu, ndizuze ekuhambeni kwakhe kweli phondo Vladimir. Umbhali Ivan Shmelev sele esazi ukuba ezinye mandla intsha utsha phakathi kwabantu, kukho amazwi zoqhankqalazo, kukho ukuzimisela ukutshintsha, kubandakanya revolution. Xa iprozi encinane Ivan Sergeyevich ziboniswe yonke le ngqwalasela.

"Lokubola"

Ngowe-1906 kwabonakala inoveli yakhe enomxholo othi "ekungafuneki". Lichaza imbali ubudlelwane phakathi koyise nonyana wakhe. Uyise akafuni naluphi na utshintsho, ebeqhele ukwenza yonke into ngendlela yakudala. Yeyona umnini-mveliso ngezitena. Unyana wakhe, kwelinye icala, sizimisele ukutshintsha. egcwele Lwakhe iingcamango ezintsha. Ngenxa yoko kukho ungquzulwano izizukulwana phakathi usapho efanayo. Ukuze ukufa oko, yaye omnye iimeko hero phambili. ukufa, kunjalo, akaphefumleli okubi kunye neemvakalelo ithemba.

"Indoda yokutyela"

"Indoda yokutyela," - ibali elandelayo Shmelev. Idla ngokuba lwentando lo mbhali. Indaba ngo-1910. Kwakhona lwaveza kwisifundo zooyise kunye nabantwana. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha isiganeko kuthatha indawo sizoku lwisana ukugquma kuluntu mazwi yotshintsho olululo. Ingqalelo Ivan Sergeyevich, Noko ke, asingabo iingxaki zentlalo kunye ubudlelwane babantu, ukhetho ebomini ingxaki.

"Ukumka Life"

Shmelev nomfazi wakhe emva kokuqalisa leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi waya kuhlala ukulungela ilifa. Ngeli xesha ke bebone entsha ngokwabo. Kubonakala, hayi nje emzimbeni mutilates yindoda elwayo, kodwa yokuziphatha. Le hero of the Shmelev ibali "Ingeniso Life" amatsha - ngumchweli. Ngexesha lemfazwe, ishishini lakhe ngcono kakhulu ngenxa odolo iminqamlezo kunye nabizayo. Yokufika imali ekuqaleni bamthomalalisa inkosi, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha waqonda ukuba oyifumene intlungu ngabantu ungambuyiseli ulonwabo.

Ngokudubula, unyana

Phambili ngokukhawuleza waya Sergei Shmelev, nyana ka-Ivan Sergeyevich. Wakhonza e Alushta ngqwayi yomkhosi Wrangel kaThixo. Le yokugqibela sele wabaleka xa Red Army wathabatha Alushta. Ngoko ke yathinjwa Sergei Shmelev. Bawo ukumfuna bazama ukwenza yonke into ukuze asindise unyana wakhe. Sergei Shmelev wadutyulwa. Kwaba buhlungu enzima abazali bakhe.

izwe

Ivan Sergeyevich, wasinda ngo-1921 indlala, wagqiba kwamanye amazwe. Okokuqala, kunye nomfazi wakhe, wafudukela Berlin (1922) kwaye ke xa isimemo ka Bunin waya Paris (1923). Apha awayebuphila de ekufeni kwakhe. Iminyaka ekuthinjweni - kwisigaba esitsha hayi kuphela kubomi Shmelev, kodwa umsebenzi wakhe.

"Ilanga Abafileyo"

"I iLanga Abafileyo", inoveli odumileyo eyindumasi, sabhalwa ngeli xesha. Lo msebenzi yaguqulelwa IsiNgesi, IsiJamani, IsiFrentshi kunye nezinye iilwimi. Incwadi Shmelev kuba lulutho wokwenene kungekhona nje ekhaya kodwa kule ncwadi ehlabathini. Xa umsebenzi Ivan Sergeyevich iinzame yokuzihlolisisa ngokunyaniseka kakuhle eli eyehlela uluntu Russian.

"Summer leNkosi" (Ivan Shmelev)

Imisebenzi ngu Ivan Sergeyevich wadalwa ngexesha nzima kwilizwe lethu. Ukuvela eyenziwa aba isiseko olandelayo yakhe Romana Shmeleva eRashiya kwiminyaka yakutshanje - "Summer yeNkosi". Umbhali, ukuzoba imifanekiso iiholide Orthodox, utyhila umphefumlo wabantu Russian. Ethetha yobudala yabantwana, Ivan Sergeyevich sitsala neembono umntwana amakholwa ehlabathini bekholosile wamkelekileyo entliziyweni yakhe uThixo. Merchant kunye nabalimi kwimekobume kule ncwadi ibonakalisa ukuba "ubukumkani mnyama", yaye ihlabathi eziphilayo nepheleleyo izele inkcubeko engaphakathi, impilo yokuziphatha, ubuntu kunye nothando. Shmelev kude stylization theka okanye yothando. Yena obonisa indlela eyinyaniso yobomi, hayi glossing phezu ecaleni layo ngokungenalusini erhabaxa, "ububi" yayo. Kuba umphefumlo olunyulu umntwana evulwa ikakhulu ngenxa yovuyo, naye eliqaqambileyo. Ubukho abalinganiswa inxulumene ukuya ezinkonzweni kunye nebandla ubomi. Kuba ngqa iincwadi Russian njengoko ngokupheleleyo nangokunzulu ukusungulwa yaba umaleko ebalulekileyo ebomini yesizwe - ecaweni kunye nonqulo. Lo mthandazo ithi abalinganiswa, amava abo ngokwasengqondweni ivula ubomi yokomoya ngumKristu.

"Makhulu evela eMoscow"

Xa inoveli, Ivan Sergeyevich, "umongikazi ovela eMoscow," watsho bayahlelwa yomfazi elula, ubuyeleyo phandle ukuba intando iimeko e Paris. Umbhali ke ibali, esebenzisa iithowuni unovelwano ezithambileyo ezinomnyinyivane indida ukukhanya. Umfundi ngexesha elifanayo bazive ukuba umbhali ukuba kwenzeka ntoni intlungu nosizi olukhulu. Le isiqwenga ibhalwe ngohlobo tale, ozithandayo Shmelev. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umbhali siyigqibile ukugqwesa. Nanny Darya Stepanovna uphawu noxolo lwengqondo, ukholo olunzulu, impilo yokomoya nobubele olukhulu. Umongikazi umfundi - abangenazigqibo, zingakhathaliyo, intombazana olweyeliselayo. Umbhali ubonisa uphawu yalo ingqiqo elungileyo noburharha.

"Ndlela wezulu"

Shmelev Ivan Sergeyevich, ogama imisebenzi sichaza, waqalisa ukusebenza ngomhla inoveli yakhe elandelayo, enomxholo othi "Iindlela zezulu" kwaye phantse wabuphelisa. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha Olga, nomfazi wesifuba sayo wasutywa kukufa emva kokugula. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1933. Shmelev Ivan Sergeyevich wayengenayo ingcamango yokuphila ngaphandle lo mfazi. Umbhali kwafuneka ukuba lukhulu emva kokufa kwakhe. Wayeza kuqhubeka umcimbi bakhe, kodwa ubomi bakhe evele isifo sentliziyo.

Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev wafa Juni 24, 1950.