Inkcubeko yaMandulo: indima yalo ekuphuhliseni inkcubeko yehlabathi

inkcubeko yaMandulo - term esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuchaza ixesha elandisiweyo kwimbali nenkcubeko, lusesazulwini kwiMeditera, ngokukodwa, kuquka impucuko ehambelanayo Greece yamandulo neRoma yamandulo. Kukho, ekubeni kaHomer izibongo (8-7 BC ngenkulungwane) kwaye ukuwa uBukhosi baseRoma ngenkulungwane yesihlanu BC.

Impinda kwazo amangcwaba inkcubeko yamaGrike yamandulo kunye nobugcisa nokutshekisha uphuhliso iindlela endala ukuvakalisa iingcinga ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso, kodwa kwangaxeshanye njalo ngcono ukuba kumgangatho iinjongo aphezulu zobugcisa.

inkcubeko yamandulo amaGrike namaRoma, ezithile isiphumo baseMpuma yamandulo, namandla kulo lonke ihlabathi lamandulo libe base yobugcisa, intanda, kwezentlalo kunye namaziko emfundo. Melana azingisa, alingisa. Esi siseko yenkcubeko lwamaGrike namaRoma impembelelo enamandla kakhulu ulwimi, ezopolitiko, iinkqubo zemfundo, intanda, inzululwazi, ubugcisa bokwakha yehlabathi lanamhlanje.

lemveli Classical bachuma kumaXesha Aphakathi kwi baseByzantium-Greek East kunye Latin West. AmaByzantine ababezibiza rum, ndizigcinile ezininzi iziphumo, imibutho kwezoqoqosho, lwezomthetho, ngokuqhelekileyo eRoma yamandulo. E Northern Europe, i amakhosi ukumkani Karl Veliky kunye Saxon umlawuli Otto Mna, efuna ukubuyisela uBukhosi baseRoma Western, isicoco Pope waseRoma eRoma njengoko "umlawuli Agasti." inkcubeko Antique waphila ngexesha ukuvela iintshukumo ezahlukeneyo iminyaka neoclassical 18-19. Kuye kwafunyanwa lidala lwamaGrike namaRoma - iinkozo, izacholo, ivazi painting, ukukrola, izakhiwo, iincwadi - abantu bathabathekile nesidima kuyo yonke iminyaka.

Ivesi in Latin waqhubeka ukubhala, yaye ngenkulungwane ye-19. Phakathi iimbongi abaziwayo - Dzhon Milton Artur Rembo wafumana umyalelo wakhe wokuqala kwimibongo kolu lwimi. Xa umculo, sinokukhumbula Igorya Stravinskogo wakhe "Greek Trilogy" ngenxa ballet "Apollo", "Orpheus", "Agon".

inkcubeko yamandulo, kunye nezifundo zalo wentsomi kunye neesimboli bashiya uphawu nzulu ncwadi Western nokupeyinta.

Ifilosofi umsebenzi St. Fomy Akvinskogo kakhulu ezisekelwe kwiimbono zikaPlato, kodwa mbalwa ekukhanyeni wonqulo lwamaKristu.

I-Architecture kuphawulwa eziliqela "Renaissance", ingakumbi zakhiwo laseRoma, kwanele ukunika umzekelo Washington eMelika. Le dolophu izaliswe izakhiwo emarmore emhlophe enkulu, nto leyo zisikhumbuza kakhulu iitempile laseRoma kwimiqolo.

Yamandulo sele kwisifundo athandwa umdla kwiinkulungwane elinesithandathu-elinesixhenxe, xa imisebenzi classical oqingqiweyo kunye yokwakha aba iinjongo liyayishicilela. imifanekiso ashicelelweyo baye bakhonza njengento ebaluleke kakhulu. Bafundisa ithuba lokuba abantu abanomdla kwimisebenzi yobugcisa nenkcubeko, sifunde ngazo. Omnye umzekelo - "Bacchanalia" Andrea Mantegna. It wadalwa wayengumzobi olukhulu emva kotyelelo kwakhe eRoma (iminyaka 1488-1490). Iimpawu uphawu imikrolo - amanani kuqamba frizopodobnaya ukhutshelwe sarcophagi yamandulo Mantegna zibonwa ngokuqokelela zabucala kunye amabandla zamaRoma. Umsebenzi nempembelelo ngamandla inkosi enkulu ka-Northern Renaissance, Albrehta Dyurera, inkcubeko wakhe bamandulo abe ngumthombo wempembelelo kunye nophando. Iziqhamo le mpembelelo ibonakala ngokucacileyo kule mfanekiso Durer "UAdam noEva". Adam ukuma of Apollona Belvederskogo, ukukrola apho yafunyanwa kufuphi eRoma ngenkulungwane elinesihlanu emva kwexesha.

Bexelisa imisebenzi zobungangamela lamanyange, kwangaxeshanye ezama ukubetha kubo, ngabapeyinti, abakroli, ababhali ngamaxesha zembali elandelayo ngokwenene evuselela nobukhulu sexesha yamandulo.