Kwamanye amazwe, kukho amandla kolwandle?

ephehla ugesi ngamanzi kunye namandla namaza ngalo mzuzu amaziko amandla kakhulu ithemba. Le amandla izinto izizo ziya kuqwalaselwa; iingenelo neengozi amandla nokurhoxa, ukusebenza mgaqo, pes zokubambela bahlela ukwakha izinto.

imithombo yamandla: isishwankathelo

Namhlanje, imithombo elizayo yemveliso amandla nokuhlala iingqondo hayi kuphela bume kunye izazinzulu, kodwa oosomashishini, iinjineli kunye nabatyali zimali. eminye imithombo yamandla (olwandle, ilanga, umoya) umdla ngenxa inzuzo kwaye zemvelo lokhuseleko. Ngo-2010, imithombo non-zemveli ukuqinisekisa amandla accounted for malunga 5% ngonyaka ka-uluntu. Phantse 2% (kwixabiso jikelele) oko belwenziwe amandla kolwandle.

Njani amandla kolwandle

Amandla nabaqala banomdla abantu kwindawo yokuqala pholisa yakhe. Imizamo yokuqala ukusebenzisa ukuze umhla inzuzo ngasemva kwinkulungwane yeshumi, xa baqalisa ukwakha idama encinane kunye netanki yamanzi, amatye okusila okuziinkozo kamva. Ezi AMAGQABAZA ▸ amandla namaza banamhlanje isasetyenziswa nangoku kuqoqosho lwesizwe.

Ngenxa ukufunyanwa kombane, "amandla" mechanical yathatyathelw eqhelekileyo ukuba umntu mihla. Namhlanje, amandla nabaqala ujikajikana yabe turbines enkulu baza basenza amandla ombane. Ngoko ke, lo mgaqo efanayo naleyo kwiinkulungwane embalwa edlulileyo, modified kuphela phantsi kwezi meko zangoku kunye nemfuno enyukileyo.

iingxaki amandla olwandle

Ukwakhiwa kwamandla namaza - umthambo esixabiso likhulu kunene. Ukongeza, ukusuka kwindawo nemali yokwakha ngcono ngayo pes ezinkulu, nto leyo kakhulu engenakwenzeka ukuba imimandla okanye ekude gqa. Ezinye iingxaki ziquka oku kulandelayo:

• ukuhla nokunyuka kwamandla zesityalo amandla nokurhoxa, apho sinxulumana utshintsho ukuphakama nokurhoxa (ukutshintsha namandla namaza) qho emva kweeveki ezimbini;

• mismatching kwexesha eliqhelekileyo leentsuku enelanga ukususela kwixesha ingenzeka olwandle;

• elilelona xesha shift phakathi umbane kudliwe;

• kwezinye iimeko, kufuna amandla olongezelelweyo ngamandla ezikufuphi kolwandle.

Kwakhona, kukholelwa ukuba ukuxhatshazwa esebenzayo umbane namaza kuya kukhokelela iingxaki zokusingqongileyo ebezikade eziqhelekileyo isintu - inhibition of njengokujikeleza komhlaba. Le yokugqibela echaziweyo ayithethelelwanga kuqinisekiswa imithombo elinegunya kuluntu lwezenzululwazi. Employment of isixa esikhulu joyous celebration uya kwandisa Ubude imini isixa izihlandlo ezilithoba ngaphantsi kwe amandla amakhulu (elekhtrons zendalo kolwandle).

Iinzuzo ukwakhiwa kwamandla kolwandle

Ngokuchasene imvelaphi ziintlekele neengozi ezenzeka izityalo amandla enyukliya inqabile, kodwa ushiye memory of naye ixesha elide, eminye imithombo yamandla ekhangeleka indlela ekhuselekileyo. Kwaye nangona neenzima ukwakhiwa kwamandla nokurhoxa kwanele, iinzuzo nazo abaliqela:

1. Imvelo. Kwimeko intlekele ezenziwe joyous celebration amathuba kunye kungcoliseko elandelayo imimandla ezinkulu kuncitshiswa ukya ekupheleni nya. Akukho ezikhutshwayo eziyingozi ukusuka yokutsha amafutha.

2. Ukuthembeka. amandla noTidali stably zisebenza kwimo eqhelekileyo kunye imithwalo incopho.

3. iindleko zamandla Low. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zezityalo amandla, joyous celebration ibe ngendleko ephantsi yamandla, leyo kungqinwe iziphumo yokusebenza.

4. High ukusebenza. Uguqulo songa lwamandla zendalo esebenzisekayo ukuya kwi-80%, lo gama amandla omoya isivuno ukuya kwi-30% ngempumelelo, kwaye amandla elanga - umlinganiselo 5-15%, kodwa kwezinye iimeko kwakunokwenzeka ukuba zifake ne-35% ngobuchule.

La Rance: isityalo amandla kolwandle kuqala

indawo ingxelo lwandile amandla kolwandle kwaba nyaka-1967 xa ezifakwa ukusebenza, "La Rance" - i joyous celebration yokuqala, ibekwe eFransi, kummandla yimbali ye UBrittany. Ukusebenzisa amandla namanzi apha kubangelwe nabaqala ezikhulu efikelela ezilishumi elinesithathu kunye iimitha ukuya kutsho kumphakamo eqhelekileyo kweemitha ezisibhozo.

Joyous celebration Power "La Rance" - 240 MW, kwaye indleko kwiyunithi amandla ngamnye (kW \ h) kunye namaxesha nesiqingatha ngaphantsi njengesiqhelo ngamandla French. kwisikhululo samandla Idama yenza nje umsebenzi yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwisibonelelo amandla, kodwa ibhulorho phezu bekuza indlela edibanisa kwidolophu Dinard kunye St Malo. Ukongezelela, "La Rance" i umdla kubakhenkethi ethandwayo sisondela eFransi kunye nabakhenkethi elinamanci mabini amawaka.

Joyous celebration e South Korea: isityalo amandla kakhulu ezinamandla

Sihwa Lake yezizwe Power Station - esinye isifundo ebalaseleyo yamandla ezizezinye, nto leyo imi kumntla-ntshona kunxweme of South Korea kwi bay ngumntu. Lo mzi-mveliso wayethunywe ngo-2011 yaye ngokukhawuleza kwabeka kwindawo yesibini ngamandla yokuqala ehlabathini ka joyous celebration.

Ngqo landulelwa ukwakhiwa izityalo amandla kufuneka ukwenza ichibi amanzi acocekileyo. Kamva, umgangatho wamanzi saqala ukwehla, kwaye ngo-1997 (emva kokuqinisekisa intelekelelo nokuphuhlisa izisombululo Marine Research Institute) kwagqitywa ukwenza umngxuma udonga. Oku kwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa amandla olwandle. Ukwakhiwa TPP yaqalwa ngo-2003 kwaye lulungiselelwe ukuba ukusungulwa ngo-2009 Ngenxa yokulibaziseka ekwakhiweni kwezi mveliso yasungulwa ngo-2011.

izityalo amandla noTidali kwamanye amazwe

Amazwe ezisebenzisa amandla namanzi, ayiphelelanga eFransi nawobuchwepheshe okuqhubekayo South Korea. izitishi zamandla noTidali fambisiwaka hi ku:

• UK;

• Norway;

• Canada;

• China;

• India;

• United States of America.

Nkqu uthi uceba ukwakha izakhiwo ezinjalo.

isityalo amandla noTidali eRashiya

ERashiya, amandla lokuzala isetyenziswa ukususela 1968 kwi-sikhokelo ukusebenza umfuniselo joyous celebration esidi Guba kuLwandle Barents (jonga ifoto). Iiprojekthi zokwakhiwa izityalo ezintathu amandla namaza (omnye kwi-Sea White, yaye ezimbini - kuLwandle Okhotsk) zaphuhliswa ngexesha leSoviet. Kwi nesimo esikhoyo ngoku zombini izinto ayaziwa, xa Mezenskaya joyous celebration, eqikelelwayo kummandla Arkhangelsk, unalo ithuba lokuba isityalo koyena amandla namaza ehlabathini. Kwakhona, lesigaba sokuyila yi North joyous celebration kwi Kola Peninsula.

Izicwangciso ziphinde

amandla noTidali ivunyiwe ezithembisa noluntu umthombo ngamazwe, ukuze okwangoku uphuhliso kweeprojekthi eziliqela ze joyous celebration kumazwe ahlukeneyo ehlabathini lonke ngenkuthalo luyaqhubeka. Ngenxa yoko, ukwakhiwa izityalo amandla namaza izicwangciso kwixesha elizayo kufuphi eMzantsi Korea, eSkotlani, imeko Indian Gujarat, New York kunye Swansea kwi-UK. Ukusetyenziswa eyiyo le resource ziyakwehlisa ngokubonakalayo ipesenti lwamandla eveliswe ngendlela yemveli, kwicala izisombululo ngaphezulu imvelo, ethembekileyo kwaye ikhuselekile.