Kwakutheni ukuze Peter 1 uqale imfazwe balwa: oonobangela kwembambano kunye nxaxheba bayo. Iziphumo ze Northern War

War Northern Enkulu oluqale kwinkulungwane XVIII, phakathi Sweden naseRashiya, uye isiganeko ebalulekileyo kurhulumente Russian. Kwakutheni ukuze Peter 1 uqale imfazwe kunye balwa noko yaphela - ngakumbi oku.

karhulumente Russian phantsi Peter 1

Ukuze siqonde ezibangela Enkulu Northern War, kufuneka ukuba uyazi, Yintoni na Russia ukuya ekuqaleni ungquzulwano. ngekhulu XVIII - ixesha iinguqu ezinkulu kuqoqosho, inkcubeko, ezopolitiko kunye nobudlelwane kwezentlalo. Pet Veliky yaziwa ngokuba ukumkani-wenguquko. Wazalwa lizwe kunye kuqoqosho ngokwaneleyo kunye nomkhosi eziphelelwe lixesha. karhulumente Russian kude emva kuphuhliso amazwe aseYurophu. Ukongeza, ukuba buthathaka iimfazwe elide kunye Ottoman nkwetlembetano ubukhulu kuLwandle Black.

Ukuqwalasela lo mbuzo kutheni Peter 1 uqale imfazwe balwa, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba le izizathu ezininzi ezinamandla. IMfazwe Enkulu Northern yaliwa ukufikelela kwiBaltic elunxwemeni, nto leyo ebalulekileyo iRashiya. Ngaphandle neentlobano urhwebo namazwe Western, wayengakwazi ukuphuhlisa uqoqosho yayo. Izibuko kuphela ngexesha, apho impahla Russian zithunyelwe West, yaba-zingelosi. Le ndlela ulwandle ngokusebenzisa kuLwandle White kwakunzima, yingozi kwaye rhoqo. Ukongeza, 1 UPetros waqonda imfuneko yophuhliso ngokungxamisekileyo ubuciko bayo kuLwandle aseBalti kunye noLwandle Black. Ngaphandle koku kwakungenakwenzeka ukwenza siqinile.

Yiloo nto imfazwe balwa phantsi Peter 1 lokulwa oko. abalawuli lwangaphambili Russia wabona utshaba ephambili Ottoman, nto leyo rhoqo ehlasela kwiindawo umda Russian. Kuphela ngumpolitiki enjalo ejongelwe kwixesha elide elizayo, uPeter Omkhulu, waqonda ukuba ilizwe ngoku kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba sibe nako ukuba urhwebe eYurophu nge kuLwandle lweBaltic, kunye nomzabalazo unxweme Sea Black ungalinda de.

Sweden uKumkani Karl XII

Amazwe Vikings kweli xesha, imithetho njengoko inkosi abatsha obungaqhelekanga, uPetros 1. Charles XII njengento yingqondi yomkhosi kunye nomkhosi wakhe - gidi. Ilizwe e kubhekwe enamandla kakhulu kummandla iBaltic. Hi ndlela leyi, igama lakhe Carl eRashiya, yaye uKumkani Sweden wayesaziwa uCharles XII.

Hlela yaba, njengoPetros, besebancinane. Wayeneminyaka eli-15 ubudala xa uyise noCarl ilifa itrone. Nge ngumsindo ekhawulezayo, ngaba ukumkani kunyamezela naluphi na amacebiso waza wagqiba yonke yedwa. Xa wayeneminyaka eli-18, wenza ngohambo lwakhe lokuqala emkhosini. Evakalisa inkundla ukuba uyahamba kwi fun kwenye ezingxandeni bakhe, enyanisweni, umlawuli oselula sempi encinane waya elwandle, eDenmark. hambo Rapid ukuba phantsi iindonga Copenhagen, Denmark, uCarl kunyanzeleke ukuba lirhoxe manyano ne-Russia, Poland kunye Saxony. Phantse-18 eminyaka emva koko ukumkani babebuchithela ngaphandle ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe, abathatha inxaxheba kumaphulo ezahlukeneyo yasemkhosini. injongo yabo yayikukuba ukwenza Sweden lizwe yomeleleyo Northern Europe.

1 Petros kunye balwa: Izinto ezibangela ingxabano zomkhosi

Russia Sweden abachasene elide phambi kokuzalwa yokumkani wenguquko. kunxweme lweBaltic, apho kungekho ukubaluleka encinane neAfrika, bekusoloko umdla kakhulu kumazwe amaninzi. EPoland, Sweden naseRashiya kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi ukuzama ukwandisa impembelelo yayo kummandla iBaltic. Ukususela ngenkulungwane XII, i balwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo bahlasela North weRashiya, ukuzama ukufaka Ladoga, i-Gulf of Finland kunye Karelia. Ngu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVIII, kumazwe eBaltic baba owayamileyo ngokupheleleyo Sweden. Agasti II, uKumkani iPoland Elector of Saxony, uFrederick IV, umlawuli Danish Pet Veliky, ebumba ekulweni nxamnye Sweden. amathemba abo aWinileyo ngokusekelwe kulutsha Charles XII. Russia xa lokoyisa lafumana ukufikelela elide lilindelwe kunxweme eBaltic nethuba ukuba izithuthi. Esi sizathu siphambili sokuba Peter 1 waqalisa imfazwe nxamnye balwa. Ke eminye manyano nxamnye Sweden, afuna ukuba buthathaka utshaba ezisemantla kunye nokomeleza ubukho bayo kummandla iBaltic.

1 Petros Omkhulu: IMfazwe Enkulu Northern kunye Sweden wazibonakalisa italente lwesicwangciso tsar Russian

Le manyano phakathi kwamazwe amathathu (Russia, Denmark kunye Poland) lwagqitywa ngo-1699. yeza kuqala Sweden ngoAgasti II. Ngowe-1700, ekungqingweni yeRiga. Kulo nyaka umkhosi Danish waqalisa ukuhlasela ummandla Holstein, nto leyo njengehlakani Sweden. Ke Karl XII wenza umngcelele ngenkalipho eDenmark waza wamnyanzela ukuba lirhoxe kule mfazwe. Emva koko wathumela nomkhosi Riga, yaye ukumkani Polish, hayi isibindi ukujoyina emfazweni, wemka, amajoni akhe.

Kamva, bonke nempi Sweden wajoyina Russia. Kwakutheni ukuze Peter 1 uqale imfazwe balwa ayikho ngexesha elinye kunye namahlakani? Isibakala sokuba urhulumente Russian ngeli xesha balwa Ottoman, nokuba inxaxheba kungquzulwano ezimbini zomkhosi yelizwe abakwazanga.

Ngosuku olulandelayo emva kokuba kwenziwe isivumelwano uxolo eTurkey, iRashiya wangena imfazwe Sweden. 1 Petros waqalisa uhambo lwakhe ukuya Narva, kufuphi inqaba Swedish. yalahleka imfazwe, nangona into yokuba abendlu ka Charles XII ungaphantsi kakhulu inani kakubi abaqeqeshiweyo kakuhle axhobileyo umkhosi Russian.

Bahlulwa Narva kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho inguqu ngokukhawuleza imikhosi Russian exhobileyo. Ngonyaka nje omnye Pet Veliky wakwazi ukuguqula ngokupheleleyo umkhosi exhotyiswe ngezixhobo ezintsha zokudubula. Ukususela ngo 1701 Russia uqala ukufumana uloyiso phezu balwa: Idabi Poltava, Gangut emfazweni elwandle. Ngowe-1721, eSweden asayina isivumelwano soxolo ne-Russia.

Iziphumo ze Northern War

Emva kokuqukunjelwa iSivumelwano Nystad Russia bamiselwa ngokuqinileyo kummandla lweBaltic kunye Kurland.