Kutheni uLwandle Aral wome: Oonobangela

I-Sea Aral yi ichibi netyuwa endorheic ibekwe e Central Asia, ukuba ngqo - ekumda Uzbekistan kunye Kazakhstan. Ukususela kule minyaka ingama-60 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, inqanaba lamanzi elwandle, kwakunye nobukhulu layo liye lehla kakhulu. Kutheni uLwandle Aral yome? Kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili. Izazinzulu zibonisa ukuba le meko kubangelwe ukuphambukisa amanzi iimfuno ezahlukeneyo ngokusebenzisa feed imilambo Syr Darya kunye Amu Darya.

amagqabi amanzi

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kuLwandle Aral ekwakusetyenzwa ekuqaleni indawo ye-4 kuluhlu lwe amachibi inkulu. Ngokuthe ngcembe, kunjalo, ichibi waqala ukunciphisa ubukhulu. Kukholelwa ukuba imeko edikeni kunye nezolimo abachaphazelekayo. Ngapha koko, ngokuba lokunkcenkceshela kwiindawo zezityalo ezinkulu ifuna izixa ezikhulu zamanzi. Okwangoku, i-Sea Aral iye etsha ukusuka kwimida yayo yoqobo nge ngumgama oziikhilomitha ezimalunga ne-100. Le ndawo yomhlaba lwaba kwintlango ebharhileyo. Iingcali basazama ukufumanisa ukuba kutheni kuLwandle Aral wome, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukunqanda oko. Ngapha koko, into enjalo yi ntlekele esingqongileyo.

LezoLimo kunye noLwandle Aral

Kutheni ichibi owomileyo ngokukhawuleza kangaka? Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba amanzi engena ijelo lomlambo ukuya emasimini, waba esinye sezizathu eziphambili. Kakade ke, akusoloko kucacile. Ngamaxesha athile, amanzi imilambo Syr kunye Amu wondla zinambuzane neekhemikhali ezithile, ezo kwezolimo. Ngenxa yoko, amadama kwasekwa iidipozithi ezithile, ubude yayo malunga 54 ophosa. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izinto ezifana sodium sulfate, sodium chloride kesodiyam yesoda, zathunyelwa kunye nomoya. La macandelo mfumba uphuhliso kwezityalo zolimo kunye nemifuno.

Ukongeza, uluntu lwasemaphandleni na okanye unengxaki kwizifo ezininzi izifo zamaphaphu, ukususela umhlaza kuvuleke iminxunya kunye kwingqula, kwakunye kwegazi kunye esiswini. Kutsha nje, iimeko zezifo ocular, kwakunye izifo zezintso kunye zesibindi.

inani Amanzi intlekele yendalo

Sea Eastern Aral womisa ngokupheleleyo. Esinye sezizathu - it emila ukuba athathe amanzi emilanjeni. Ngenxa yoko, eli chibi ezincinane. Nangona indawo eqokelela amanzi emvula enkulu, amanzi nje akamkeli amanzi. Kule nkqubo yokunkcenkceshela linobude kweekhilomitha amakhulu aliqela. inani Water lwenziwa kwi emdeni kumazwe aliqela. Ngokwendalo, oku kukhokelela yokuduka abanye abameli enezityalo nezilwanyana.

izibalo ezilula

Namhlanje kukho iincwadi iphepha ezininzi kunye izibizo esimnandi, ezifana "Kutheni kuLwandle Aral yome?" Isishwankathelo ezi phamflethi itsale ingqalelo, kodwa unika umfanekiso ocacileyo. Ukuze siqonde ingcambu unobangela, kuyimfuneko ukuba uphanda kwaye gxwa amanani wokwenene. ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda nje kutheni Sea Aral wome, nokuba ukumisa inkqubo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ekurhoxisweni amanzi zokunkcenkceshela komqhaphu kunye ukuhlisa ukuba yityuwa baqalisa ukuba yenziwe ekuqaleni-imi- 60 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Oku kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukungena kwamanzi ukuya dama liyehla kakhulu. Kodwa kule ndawo amanzi legqunyiwe ngomaleko yetyuwa, akuyi kukhula nto.

Ingxaki iba kwenye indawo. nokufunxwa kwamanzi emilanjeni ezifana Syr Darya kunye Amu Darya zaye asetyenziswe phambi kokufika kwayo nkanyamba. Ngapha koko, ubukhulu kummandla onkcenkceshelwayo linyuke ukusuka ezintathu iihektare kwezigidi ezisixhenxe. Ukongeza, iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela zikude igqibelele: kwisiqhelo buphezulu kakhulu, kwaye Ubumtyuwa obugqithusileyo emhlabeni iqhubeka. Amanzi kufuna okuninzi thaca kwi izibalo lokuqala. Yiyo loo nto i-Sea Aral wome, eshiya ngasemva entlango enetyuwa. Ukongeza, ngenxa ngokonakala zomhlaba yehla kakhulu izivuno cotton. Ngenxa yoko, oku kuye kwakhokelela ekwandeni ozozogidi. Ukuya kuLwandle Aral efikelela kuma-110 leekhilomitha cubic amanzi avela nezitya zombini nemilambo.

Umbilo kunye noLwandle Aral

Akukho lula kakhulu ekuphenduleni umbuzo kutheni phezulu womisa ulwandle Aral. Le ifoto ibonisa ukuba dama iye bancipha ubukhulu nje kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ngenxa yesizathu esibalulekileyo. Ngokutsho zejografi, University of Michigan, kwaye weengcali Sea Aral, ndiyitshise ichibi ngenxa kwemvula ngamandla. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, isixa ikhephu nemvula ezintabeni lehla kakhulu. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho ukuhla amanqanaba amanzi emilanjeni.

umfula ugeleza

Kuye singqiniwe ukuba imida Sea Aral mihla ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Inxalenye mpuma ichibi woma okokuqala ayikho ngexesha lethu. Wawuqala iminyaka 600. Yonke le nto yaqala nesibakala sokuba omnye iingalo Amu Darya River waqalisa ukwalathisa nokuphuma kwemali yawo ukuze kuLwandle lweCaspian. Ngokwendalo, oku kwakhokelela ekubeni kuLwandle Aral baqalisa ukufumana amanzi ngaphantsi. Ichibi uye ngokuthe zancitshiswa ubukhulu.

Apho le phambili

Ngoku abantu abaninzi bayazi apho shwaka Sea Aral. Kutheni chibi womisa? Kuba yintoni byi? Pond uncipha. Apho kanye siqhele iinqanawa, uyakwazi ukubona mathafa oyisanti, KuloMgabuli amanzi lube ziinxalenye eziliqela: kuLwandle Small - 21 km ^3, Sea Big - 342 km ^3. Noko ke, le intlekele yendalo akamthintelanga. izehlo yayo iyaqhubeka ngokukhula.

Ngokutsho kweengcali, kamsinya nje inqanaba lamanzi kuLwandle Olukhulu ngcembe uya kuncipha, nto leyo eya kukhokelela ekwandeni sisongo sayo. Ukongeza, iintlobo ezithile kungaphela izilwanyana zaselwandle kunye nezityalo. Ukongeza, umoya ethwele ityuwa kwiindawo ngcembe mthombo. Kwaye oku kukhokelela ngezimvo ubume bomhlaba.

Ungakwazi ukumisa?

Izizathu zokuba uLwandle Aral wome, kudala iboniwe. Noko ke, akukho namnye Musa ukungxama ukulungisa imiphumo. Ngapha koko, oku kufuna ixesha elininzi lwamalinge kunye neendleko zemali. Ukuba uyaqhubeka ukuqhubeka ukulahlwa kwamanzi amdaka elwandle, luya nje ibe kwitanki ukulungisa, nto leyo ifanele ukuba ezolimo. Okwangoku, wonke umsebenzi kufuneka swi udala imida umzimba ngamanzi yendalo.

Ekubeni yomile ezi Sea Aral kodwa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kuphela kwimpuma yesicwangciso iindaba ezilungileyo zosindiso lwakhe kufuneka ibhekiswe nokuzinziswa kwenkqubo eziphilayo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukubuyisela ukukwazi kwayo self-ekulawuleni. Ukuqala ukuhlengahlengisa indawo yokumisa nezinye izityalo, ezifana phantsi iziqhamo okanye nemifuno. Zifuna ukufuma ngaphantsi. Yonke imikhosi kulo mzekelo mayibhekiswe unobangela kutsalwe Enkulu eSalt Lake. Indlela kuphela ukugcina perile oluhlaza Central Asia.