Iimpawu wemagniziyam. Chemical element wemagniziyam

element Chemical magnesium - yeshumi lwezakhi. Lingcwaba lomfo iqela lesibini kunye nexesha wesithathu. Idityanisiwe iseti zesinyithi obrak zomhlaba. Isayensi lifunda ezi zinto - chemistry. lwezakhi, apho banokufunda inzululwazi ibonisa ukuba protons kunye neutron eziqulethwe wemagniziyam atom elinambini. Oku kumiselwa inani ngokokuma (oko lilingana nenani protons, kwaye electron of_ Danka izakubanye ngokungathi-atom cala, ion endaweni).

iimpawu lwemichiza wemagniziyam nako ukufunda chemistry. Kwakhona Mendeleev itheyibhile kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela njengoko ibonisa sibe Valence le element (kulo mzekelo, ilingana no ezimbini). Kuxhomekeke iqela apho atom bobabo. Ukongezelela, oko kunokukunceda ukwazi ukuba wemagniziyam izinyo ngobuninzi ilingana ezingamashumi amabini anesine. Oko kukuthi, omnye nolovane lwe intsimbi ubunzima ezingamashumi amabini anesine grams. magnesium ifomyula ilula kakhulu - oko akunalo molecule atom combined crystalline ngekroba.

iimpawu magnesium ngokwembono zesayensi

Njengazo zonke ngesinyithi, ngaphandle mercury le ezimbaxa na urhulumente esiqinileyo aggregate phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. It has umbala ukukhanya-nozithobela ukukhazimla ngokungaqhelekanga. Le intsimbi ithe amandla eliphezulu. Xa iimpawu ezibonakalayo luphela wemagniziyam. Cinga ukunyibilika kwaye abilayo lobushushu. Eyokuqala ilingana babengamakhulu omathandathu anamanci mahlanu degrees Celsius, wesibini ka amawaka asithoba degrees Celsius. Kunokwenziwa isigqibo ukuba ilula metal esezantsi-zinyibilike. Ngaphezu koko, kulula kakhulu: mninzi wayo - 1.7 g / cm3.

Wemagniziyam. chemistry

Ukwazi iimpawu zomzimba ukwimo, ungaya kwinxalenye yesibini iimpawu zakhe. Olu unalo inqanaba lomsebenzi abangenagama. Oku kubonakala kuthotho electrochemical zesinyithi - kuba akafuni ngakumbi, ngoko kukho okungakumbi ekunene. Magnesium yenye yokuqala ngasekhohlo. , Cinga indlela oko izinto usabela kwaye oko kwenzeka njani.

ezilula

Ezi ziquka abo molekyuli luqulathe kuphela imichiza element enye. Le oksijini fisfor, nesulfure, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Okokuqala cinga yokusebenzisana oxygenic. Ibizwa ngokuba otshisayo. Oku kwenza i oxide le sentsimbi. Ukuba zisaqala ezimbini wemagniziyam ukuba aqhumisele ngelixa kokuchitha adla ioksijini, sinokuyifumana abamenzelayo ezimbini oxide. Inxaki bayavuma ibhalwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 2Mg + O ₂ = 2MgO. Ukongeza, ngexesha yokutsha nemagnesium ngaphandle ephuculweyo yayo kwasekwa, njengoko intsimbi ukufana idityaniswe-nitrogen eziqulathwe kwi-atmosfera.

Ukutshiswa bachitha abamenzelayo ezintathu wemagniziyam adla ka-nitrogen nganye, kwaye isiphumo yenye adla le ephuculweyo yesinyithi. Inxaki yale hlobo yentsebenziswano zekhemikhali ukuba kwathiwa kuyo: 3Mg + N ₂ = MG ₃ N _2.

Ukongeza, nemagnesium okwazi zakudibana nezinye izinto ezilula ezifana halogens. Intsebenziswano nabo kwenzeka kuphela ukuba eli candelo ukuba lashushu amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu. Kulo mzekelo, kukho i Ngaphezu reaction. Ukubandakanya halogen izinto ezinjalo elula: chloro, iodo, bromo, fluoro. Kwaye ke abasabela kuthiwa ngokufanelekileyo: chlorination, iodination, bromination, fluorination. Njengokuba sele kunokwenzeka ukuthelekelela isiphumo leendibano onjalo ukufumana chloride, iodide, bromide, wemagniziyam fluoride. Ngokomzekelo, xa sithatha enye adla magnesium kunye iodine efanayo ukufumana enye adla of iodide metal. Leswaku va le imichiza reaction ngokusebenzisa i equation ilandelayo: MG + ₂ I = MgI _2. Lo mgaqo mnye yenziwa kunye chlorination. Basabele equation: MG + Cl ₂ = MgCl _2.

Ukongeza, isinyithi, kuquka nemagnesium, usabele kunye phosphorus nesalfure. Kwimeko yokuqala, unako ukuba ungafumana phosphide, elinesibini - (! Mazingabhidaniswa kunye phosphate kunye sulphates) sulphide. Xa sithatha abamenzelayo ezintathu magnesium, inokongezwa kuyo iintuku ezimbini iphosphate kunye ndinobushushu ubushushu ofunekayo, ivelise elinye nolovane le phosphide yesinyithi. Inxaki bayavuma kwemichiza limi ngolu hlobo: 3Mg + 2P = MG ₃ P _2. Ngokufanayo, xa kuxutywe nemagnesium nesalfure kungena olinganise efanayo izinyo nokudala iimeko eziyimfuneko ukwenza lobushushu eliphezulu, siya fumana emanzini metal elinikiweyo. Inxaki yale intsebenziswano kwemichiza angabhalwa ngolu hlobo: MG + S = MgS. Ngoko Wajonga metal zakudibana nezinye izinto ezilula. Kodwa iimpawu eekhemikhali wemagniziyam ayipheli apho.

Ukusabela ne iikhompawundi ezintsonkothileyo

izinto ezifana zibandakanya amanzi, iityuwa, asidi. Ekubeni amaqela ahlukeneyo kwemichiza iintsimbi basabela ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Qwalasela yonke into ukuze.

Magnesium namanzi

Xa impefumlelwano intsimbi kunye ixhaphakileyo ehlabathini oxide yemichiza compound ibunjiwe hydrogen kunye ivumba elitsarhayo ezingemnandi. Ngokuba lo hlobo components yokusabela nayo kufuneka lisenziwa shushu ngako. Ukuba Umxube omnye adla magnesium kunye namanzi, sinokuyifumana kuba imali efanayo oxide kunye hydrogen. Le equation asabela ibhalwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: MG + H ₂ O = MgO + H _2.

Ukusebenzisana asidi

Njengabanye izinyithi iikhemikhali esebenzayo, nemagnesium uyakwazi asuse iiathom hydrogen ivela ezintweni zabo. iinkqubo ezinjalo kuthiwa endaweni reaction. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kukho indawo-athom Iperoksayidi-athom zesinyithi kunye ukuyilwa neetyuwa equka wemagniziyam (okanye enye element) nodaka asidi. Ngokomzekelo, xa sithatha enye adla magnesium kunye yidibanise zehydrochloric acid xa kukho imali abamenzelayo ezimbini zazilelinye adla lwe chloride intsimbi kunye abaninzi hydrogen. Reaction equation ngabe unjani: MG + 2HCl = MgCl ₂ + H _2.

Intsebenziswano kunye neetyuwa

Njengoko iityuwa akhiwa asidi, sele Sendinixelele, kodwa uphawu wemagniziyam ngokwemiqathango neyezinto ibandakanya ingqalelo ngqo yayo kunye neetyuwa. Kulo mzekelo, basabela inokwenzeka kuphela xa inxalenye yenkcenkce netyuwa ngaphantsi esebenzayo ngaphezu wemagniziyam. Ngokomzekelo, xa sithatha enye adla magnesium sulfate kunye sulfate lobhedu afumane metal kuthethwa ngawo ubhedu abahlambulukileyo ratio izinyo ngokulinganayo. Inxaki yendlela ezinjalo angabhalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: MG + CuSO ₄ = MgSO ₄ + Cu. Kukho kuvela nokunciphisa iimpawu wemagniziyam.

Ukusetyenziswa kwale metal

Ngenxa yokuba ukuba ngeendlela ezininzi njengabongamileyo aluminiyam - kuba lula nama-amathathu amaxesha, kodwa kabini namandla, ukuba kabanzi ngeendlela mveliso. Oku kakhulu ukundiza. Apha aluminiyamu magnesium-based kuhlala kweyona ndawo yokuqala ngokuthandwa phakathi zonke izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ukongeza, lisetyenziswa kwishishini kwemichiza njengoko yokunciphisa arhente ukuze bafumane izinto ezithile zesinyithi ivela ezintweni zabo. Ngenxa yokuba iifom ukutshiswa wemagniziyam a flash enamandla kakhulu, lisetyenziswa kushishino zomkhosi ngenxa ezithile yokuvelisa, njl yobisa emthethweni.

Ukulungiswa magnesium

Ngokusisiseko, oku ekrwada ezibonakalayo ukuze chloride intsimbi. Oku kwenziwa electrolysis.

indlela lomgangatho ukuse- metal

Le inkqubo ekhethekile ukufumanisa ubukho bangane into. Ukuvavanya ukuba ubukho nesisombululo iikhompawundi wemagniziyam kungongezwa kuso potassium carbonate okanye sodium hayidroksayidi. Ngenxa yoko, kwenze emhlophe kuyilwa, nto leyo ngokulula ayichithwanga asidi.

Apho metal zifumaneka kwindalo?

Le Ingxenye chemical yinto exhaphakileyo ngokwendalo. Eqweqweni phantse ezimbini pesenti ngasinye senziwa sentsimbi. It ifumaneka nokwakhiwa kwezimbiwa ezininzi ezifana carnallite, Magnesite, dolomite, talc, asbestos. Formula ezimbiwa lokuqala Kubonakala ngathi: KCl • MgCl ₂ • 6H ₂ O. Kubonakala ziikristale oluhlaza, sakuba, lisuke labuna umbala obomvu, baluthuthu emthubi, okanye ngaphaya. Magnesite - na wemagniziyam carbonate, ifomula layo chemical - MgCO _3. It has a umbala omhlophe, kodwa kuxhomekeke ubumdaka inokuba ndiyingwevu, antsundu okanye ithinti omthubi. Dolomite unalo ifomula yemichiza ilandelayo: MgCO ₃ • CaCO _3. Kuyinto bulubhelu ngwevu okanye imbola bezimbiwa ukuba ukukhazimla yiglasi.

Talc kunye asbestos babe ifomula ngxuba: 3MgO • 4SiO ₂ • H ₂ O • 2SiO ₂ 3MgO • 2H ₂ Owu, ngokulandelelana. Ngenxa yokuthiya kwayo ubushushu oyintloko, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino. Ukongeza, nemagnesium iqukiwe kulo umchiza ukwakhiwa ngesakhiwo yeseli kunye nezinto ezininzi eziphilayo. Oku siza kuxubusha ngokweenkcukacha.

Indima wemagniziyam umzimba

Le element yemichiza kubalulekile ukuba zombini izidalwa izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Magnesium izityalo eziphilayo nje kubalulekile. Kanye njengokuba intsimbi sisiseko mpilo efunekayo ebomini yezilwanyana, ngokuba nemagnesium licandelo enkulu yiklorofili, ngaphandle apho ayisekho izityalo. Lo mbala libandakanyeka inkqubo yefotosinthesis apho amagqabi ukufaka iikhompawundi zondle kwezondlo. Magnesium ngenxa eziphilayo izilwanyana nalo kuyimfuneko kakhulu. iqhezu ubunzima isiqalelo mkhondo esiseleni - 0.02-0.03%. Nangona yokuba kuncinane gqitha, kuba ezisebenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Ngenxa ubume oko kuxhaswa organelles ezifana mitochondria, onoxanduva yokuphefumla zeselula kunye Yindibanisela amandla kwakunye ribosomes, ezo eqalisiweyo iiproteni eziyimfuneko ebomini. Ngaphezu koko, idityanisiwe umchiza nokwakhiwa enqanda ezininzi, ezo eziyimfuneko ukuze ukutya intracellular kunye DNA yokuqaphela.

jikelele, umazibuthe efunekayo ukuze umzimba inxaxheba ukutya iswekile, amafutha kunye acid. Kwakhona uphawu-luvo zinokusasazwa nge microelement elinikiweyo. Ukongeza kule miba ingentla apha, nemagnesium olwaneleyo emzimbeni lunciphisa ubungozi isifo sentliziyo, isifo sentliziyo nestroke.

Iimpawu umxholo eziphezulu nezisezantsi emzimbeni womntu

Magnesium ukunqongophala kubonakala emzimbeni iimpawu ezifana ezingundoqo lwegazi, lidiniwe operability amahlwempu, ukuba nochuku kunye nokulala ihlwempu, ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo, isiyezi, rhoqo. Kusenokwenzeka ikwafumana isicaphucaphu, unditsho, iminwe ukungcangcazela, ukudideka - ezi miqondiso inqanaba elisezantsi kakhulu yengeniso Kukudla element mkhondo. Magnesium ukuhluleka umzimba ikhokelela izifo rhoqo zemiphunga, ukuphazamiseka kwinkqubo sentliziyo, kunye nohlobo yesibini seswekile. Okulandelayo, cinga umxholo magnesium ekutyeni. Ukuze siphephe ukungabi kufuneka ukwazi oko kutya isityebi idatha element imichiza. Kuyimfuneko ukuba bakuthathele ingqalelo into yokuba abaninzi ezi mpawu kwakhona kwenzeka xa ityala esahlukileyo - agqithisile wemagniziyam emzimbeni, kwakunye nokungabikho kwezimbiwa, ezifana potassium kesodiyam. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba ukuhlaziya otya zakho ngenyameko kwaye baqonde kakuhle ingxaki, kungcono ukwenza oku ngoncedo isazi ebhalisiweyo.

Umxholo magnesium kwi iimveliso

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, i element esebenzayo amaqela iphambili ngokuba yiklorofili. Ngoko ke, singakwazi ndiyaqonda ukuba isixa esikhulu yayo equlethwe green: .. Ingaba celery, idile, parsley, cauliflower kunye ikhaphetshu, lettuce, njl Kananjalo oluninzi okuziinkozo, ingakumbi buckwheat namazimba, kwaye nkqu oatmeal nerhasi. Ukongeza, i element data chaza zizityebi weminoti, yokuba cashews, kunye walnuts, kunye namandongomane, kunye hazelnuts, kunye neeamangile. Kwakhona isixa esikhulu intsimbi equlethwe legumes ezifana neembotyi nee-ertyisi. A lot of ikhoyo nokubakho kuhlanganiselo ulele, umzekelo kule Ingca yolwandle. Ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezi mveliso ithatha indawo mali eqhelekileyo, ngoko umzimba wakho akayi kuswela kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku metal. Ukuba awukwazi kutya rhoqo ukutya ezidweliswe apha ngentla, kuya kuba kuhle ukuba bathenge ngokutya okunesondlo, eziquka nesiqalelo umkhondo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba udibane nogqirha wakho.

isiphelo

Magnesium - enye methali zibalulekileyo ehlabathini. Lisetyenziswa kwi mveliso ezininzi - ukusuka iikhemikhali ukuya aerospace kunye emkhosini. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile kakhulu ngokwembono yezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphandle kwayo ubukho nasiphi na isityalo okanye isilwanyana eziphilayo. Ngenxa kule nkalo imichiza, i-nkqubo wenziwe, enika yonke ubomi emhlabeni - photosynthesis.