Boris Rauschenbach: biography kanye photo

Academician Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah - Soviet Russia kunye nzulu edumileyo, omnye wabaseki astronautics kwi-USSR. Ukuba yemvelo, oomatshini, kodwa ayiphelelanga kuphela kule lokufunda izifundo ezikhethiweyo. Boris V. bangamalungu imisebenzi yezenzululwazi kwicandelo imbali ubugcisa, imbali inkolo, kwakunye nomsebenzi journalistic kwemiba emininzi sithi ndizuze udumo ehlabathini lonke. Yena uye nokulawula ukuhamba Russian amaJamani ukuba ukuvuselelwa uhlanga.

Iibhayografi of zesayensi

Boris Rauschenbach wazalelwa Petrograd (ngoku St. Petersburg) January 18, 1905 usapho Russian baseJamani.

Emva kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, lo mfana wafumana umsebenzi kwi-mveliso moya eLeningrad. Ezi nkcukacha zesityalo kudlale indima Isiphelo sakhe; ngo-1932 waba umfundi Leningrad Institute of Civil Engineers Fleet uqalisa ubandakanywe endiza. BABALWA NDLANYA kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni aqhelane Sergey Pavlovich Korolev, kwaye kwixesha elizayo, yaye ukuba basebenzisane kunye naye ngexabiso kunye nendawo zamashishini lenzululwazi eSoviet le.

Ngowe-1937, Rauschenbach wafudukela elikomkhulu ukuba ukusebenza ngendlela Rocket iqela Research Institute, ikhokelwa ngu Sergei Korolev. Ngoko Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, i ifoto kunye negama apho kamva kwahl- abangafuniyo ukuthetha ngayo ixesha elide eluntwini, Uvukile kwizikhundla wabaseki kwenkqubo isithuba eSoviet.

Okulandelayo yaba umsebenzi kumzi-mveliso yokhuselo in Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg namhlanje), nto leyo bakhutshwe Rocket Research Institute ngoNovemba 1941 (RNII).

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1942 Rauschenbach wabanjwa waza wathunyelwa kwinkampu nje ngenxa yokuba yena waseJamani. Xa nkampu yabasebenzi, Boris V. iyaqhubeka ukusebenza homing oonokrwece anti-moya, izibalo yokusabela yayo. Kuye kwaphawulwa yaziwa moya ngumyili Viktorom Bolhovitinovym. Ngenxa kuye, ngo-1945 Rauschenbach sakhutshelwa Nizhny Tagil yendawo lamasetlani okhethekileyo.

Ngowe-1948, kunye nentloko entsha RNII Mstislav Keldysh Rauschenbach ifumana NII-1 Ministry of Industry Aviation intloko yesebe.

Ngowe-1955, Rauschenbach udlule uye Sergeyu Korolevu, apho ihlabathi kuqala waqalisa ukufunda zoqhelaniso sindululo kwizithuthi isithuba.

Rauschenbach usapho kunye nemvelaphi yayo

Njengokuba waxelela Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, intsapho yakhe uvele eRashiya ngenkulungwane XVIII. Ngowe-1766, uKumkanikazi uCatherine II lahlela umkhankaso resettle amaJamani eRashiya. Ngenxa yalo mgaqo-nkqubo, kwaye kwakukho ongukhokho ISAZINZULU Karl-Friedrich Rauschenbach nomfazi wakhe kummandla iVolga.

Uyise sisazinzulu, Victor Ya (igama eliphakathi lisuka kwigama kayisemkhulu uYakobi), waba ngozalelwe kuloo mmandla iVolga, loo mmandla, ngelo xesha kwasekwa koloni abafuduki German. Abafundileyo eJamani, ngoko wayesebenza njengomphathi technical kwindawo tannery "Skorokhod".

Ngokutsho memoirs ka Boris Viktorovich, uyise wayengumntu unobubele, uxolela. Xa inkwenkwe ekhula, Victor Ya bazisa kakhulu kulowo ingangamsha imvelaphi German. Kwangaxeshanye wenza kakuhle.

Rauschenbach unina, Leontine Fridrihovna (style Russian - F.) Gallico wazalelwa e-Estonia (Saaremaa), imvelaphi - Baltic German. Bebesazi ngeelwimi ezine - Russian, isiJamane, isiFrentshi, Estonia, nto leyo ebangele ukuba ingqesho yayo eRashiya ibe bonnoy usapho esisityebi. Emva kokuba umtshato wakhe waba ngumama.

Umama utitshala engqongqo kodwa efanelekileyo, nangona ngemvelo - ngumntu ochwayitileyo, ehlokomayo ochwayithileyo. Yaba yena owafaka abantwana babo (udade Boris kaThixo Karin Elena) ukukwazi ukuba alahlekelwe umoya kwiimeko ezinzima ngemihla ukuba wabanceda kwixesha elizayo. Boris Rauschenbach, ngobomi ogama izele kwiimeko ezinjalo ngokubekekileyo ukuphila ubomi bakho emangalisayo.

Boris Rauschenbach iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu, ndayihluthwa sikayise; yena uyafa eneminyaka engama mathandathu sisifo sentliziyo.

Umama wakhe wasweleka emva kwemfazwe. Ukulahleka unina Boris bafumana ubungqina nzima gqitha yaloo - ncwadi yakhe udade, nto leyo iye igcinwe.

impilo Personal

nakwizibetho zabo, uVera Mikhailovna, Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah wadibana e Moscow, apho wafudukela ngo-1937, njengoko imikhumbi kunye noshishino emanzini eLeningrad wayengenamdla. Ngeli xesha ilizwe thaca wave wokubopha Rauschenbach, a isiJamani kalula kule nkampu. Ezi zinto ziye ekwandiseni sisazinzulu oselula ukuba bafudukele elikomkhulu, apho kungekho mntu zazimazi.

Kungekudala Boris kwi kwigumbi apho wayehlala kunye nabahlobo bakhe, baye bahlala kuba Ibhinqa UVera. Vera M. wazalelwa Kramatorsk (Ukraine). Ndafika eMoscow ukufunda. De kwenye zokulala wayehlala umalume wakhe, ababambelela isithuba eliphezulu. Noko ke, ngoMeyi 19, wabanjwa waza wadubula Nomfazi bagxothwe. Ngoko Vera waba kuloo ndlu apho wayehlala Rauschenbach.

Abantu abatsha batshata phambi kokuba imfazwe, 24 Meyi 1941. Ngokutsho memoirs ka Rauschenbach, ukuchaneka lwabo ubhaliso iye yachazwa "izitulo 12" yi Ilf ne Petrov. Kwakumnandi ... abayi ahlukane eli xesha, kwanaxa Boris V. waba kwinkampu ekusetyenzwa nzima (umfazi wakhe wayedla ngokutyelela).

Wacinga Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, ubomi lobuqu liphuhlise ngempumelelo, nangona ooyeha zobomi. Banabantwana emangalisayo kunye nabazukulwana. Kuba abathile akumangalisi ukuba iminyaka emininzi kangangokuba Vera M. - iqabane kuphela.

Indlela emkhathini

Zezenzululwazi, Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich wazingqina ngxi moya iLeningrad mveliso nombolo 23, apho benza ukwakhiwa kunye nokuvavanywa le engenayo. Umsebenzi negalelo kokubhalwa kwamaphepha zenzululwazi yokuqala, umxholo apho uzinzo longitudinal-moya tailless. Lo mxholo efanayo Boris Rauschenbach ukwenza RNII Queen, kodwa ngoku lo msebenzi yaba mijukujelwa iza.

Ngowe-1938, le projekthi iye yarhoxiswa ngenxa ukubanjwa Queen, kunye Rauschenbach ngokutsha iinjini jet, ithiyori omlilo.

Gulag ayikho umqobo ukuba sisazinzulu: enkampini yena ukusebenza homing oonokrwece anti-moya, ukuba kwixesha elizayo kumnceda ngaphandle kweminquba, ukuba babe basemzini ezikhethekileyo yaye siqhubeke nomsebenzi wayo for RNII.

Ngowe-1948, ngenxa intloko omtsha we Missile Research Institute Mstislav Keldysh Rauschenbach wabuyela eMoscow, apho ESRI-1 ibandakanyeka injini ramjet, ezizezi lokungcangcazela yokutsha kunye intlokoma ive kolu hlobo injini.

Ngowe-1955, Boris V. waya kusebenza ngenxa Queen, apho zezenzululwazi waba ithuba elikhethekileyo - okokuqala ehlabathini ukuba yenze imisebenzi enxulumene yokuqhelaniswa kunye nentshukumo kwezithuthi esithubeni. Kamva, ngenxa ecaleni lakhe ukudubula umsebenzi iNyanga yi kwisiphekepheke yiSoviet "Luna-3" yaye yabanjwa. Ngowe-1960, i-Rauschenbach yamatyala wawongwa Prize Lenin.

Ngowe-1958, Boris V. wayikhuselayo ithisisi zobugqirha yakhe (PhD waziphendulela ngo-1948).

Ngaphantsi kweminyaka kweshumi eenzululwazi ukuqonda inkqubo omncane yolawulo sengqondo isikhululo moya "Venus", "Mars", "uphenyo" iziphekepheke kwimo esizenzekelayo manual.

Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, ogama engobomi kutyholwa ngamandla kunye yonke, nayo yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo ukulungiswa kunye nokuphunyezwa ukubhabha cosmonaut yokuqala kaYuri Gagarin.

Ngowe-1966, Boris V. onyulwe esihambelanayo ilungu Academy of Sciences (AS) waseUSSR, iminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva waba lilungu epheleleyo Academy of Sciences.

Iconography and Rauschenbach

Zezenzululwazi wathi ngokuqhula ukuba akayi unokuyiphelisa le isihloko lwezenzululwazi, ukuba sele usebenza kwezinye izazinzulu ngaphezu elinesibini. Kwaye ke ngaxeshanye kunye umsebenzi kwisithuba waqalisa ukuba nomdla konke oko igcwele into entsha, kodwa unexplored, ezifana nokuzoba, iconography.

Boris Rauschenbach, amkhanuke imbali abonisa njengomntwana, wayekuthanda ukuya kakhulu, ingakumbi emizini kunye ngembali yamandulo. Ngokuthe ngcembe kodwa kakuhle kwi umdla kwezenzululwazi yaqala ukubonakala ii icon. Isibakala sokuba waneentloni ngendlela ukugqithiselwa kwesithuba kuzo, kuthiwa "umbono umva", amanqe, kwaye ngokuchasene nemithetho ezaziwayo kufota.

Inzala kwimbono reverse iye yahlanganiswa kunye ngesisombululo izixhobo iingxaki docking esithubeni.

Izazinzulu baqala ukuphanda esi senzeko. Noko ke, wathabatha ingqalelo umsebenzi iliso, ingqondo. Ukuze wenze oku ke kwafuneka enze inkcazo yemathematika lomsebenzi kwengqondo. Ngenxa yoko, Rauschenbach weza kwisigqibo sokuba zonke ezi imifanekiso engaqhelekanga izinto zendalo kunye engaphephekiyo.

Wacinga Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, iconography yinto yokwenene eyahlukileyo kunalowo ubona umntu ngenxa isixhobo ezithile iliso. Ngenxa yoko, i icon siyakholwa ukuba ihlabathi ngcono kakhulu kwaye ngcono okunene.

Rauschenbach wayeqinisekile ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuqonda ii icon, engazi yezenkolo. Waza waqalisa ukufunda kwemfundiso, nditsho into ebhaliweyo kule intsimi, ingakumbi Emnye ( "I-logic kaBathathu Emnye").

Indlela eya Orthodox

Boris Rauschenbach e ngobhaptizo ngo-1915 iye ibhalwe ukholo kayise - Reformed. Ukuba ukholo fanele ngelo xesha malunga-20% of Russian baseJamani.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba wabaHlaziyi, ngokuchaseneyo amaLuthere musa asiyiboni icon, musa ukusebenzisa uphawu lomnqamlezo. Kodwa kamva ummiselo loMlawuli Alexander I Nicholas mna, Reformed kanye amaLuthere ziye zadityaniswa ecaweni mnye, kunye Boris wahamba kunye nomama wakhe ebandleni amaLuthere, kananjalo nangona ibe Reformed Church umzi. Noko ke, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo Rauschenbach abe lilungu Reformed Church, kodwa intlonelo ngenxa yakhe, umfanekiso wakhe igcinwe.

Bayakulangazelela inkolo Boris V. waziva emva enkampini. Waqalisa ukuya i-Orthodox, wathabatha iincwadi ezifanelekileyo, waqalisa ukulandela iinkonzo ecaweni, kodwa wabhaptizwa kamsinya nje ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe.

Rauschenbach wakhumbula ukuba ukusebenza ngempumelelo ngaphandle inkqubo yabo ngexesha nosungulo kwisiphekepheke elilandelayo njalo wasukuma waza wenza umqondiso womnqamlezo.

Ngexesha reception incwadi yesicelo kumsitho nosungulo kwisiphekepheke yokuqala Boris V. kuphela simise indoda ebize kungokucela abathengisi zeCawa Orthodox, leyo, Kakade ke, akazange abonela kusebenziso lwe log siganeko.

Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, iincwadi kunye namanqaku ezo zande, abazange babe nenxaxheba inkqubo yabo ekhoyo kukuqonda ihlabathi - zenkolo nezesayensi. Wayekholelwa ukuba kukho Yindibanisela kubo.

Ngowe-1987, kulindixesha "wamaKomanisi" Academician Rauschenbach lapapasha inqaku azinikele isikhumbuzo 1000th le Ukubhaptizwa Rus. Kulo nzulu walatha ukubaluleka kwesi siganeko ukwenzela urhulumente Russian. Agasti "ndawonye" igumbi nangoko wathengisa ngayo, nakule mimandla kwivenkilana le CPSU.

Kwiminyaka embalwa emva koko kuza omnye umsebenzi academician - ". Kwale ngqiqo kaBathathu Emnye" Eli nqaku yabangela indlela ethile, ezo ntlokoma apho weva ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

Rauschenbach zintathu

Boris Rauschenbach kaBathathu Emnye waba umgwebo wayo ukuba unika kwincwadi yakhe "Kwale ngqiqo kaBathathu Emnye." Ngokutsho kwakhe, ibandla ekufundiseni kwakhe wamnika sigqibo ngokugqibeleleyo echanekileyo umngeni elijongene - ibinzana kaThixo kwaye ngexesha elinye triad kanye monad.

Le Isazinzulu ibonisa ukuba i-akhawunti yangoku imigaqo wokholo Orthodox ikhangeleka Utyeshelo okuthethwa sisivumo, kuba kusithiwa ukuba umntu ngamnye Emnye - nguThixo. Kuyafana Kuthiwa nokuthandaza.

Boris Rauschenbach, "Kwale ngqiqo kaBathathu Emnye," nto leyo lilinge ukuqonda ingxoxo Florensky and E. N. Trubetskogo kaBathathu Emnye kaThixo, ukuza kulo ngokwembono yenzululwazi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba sisazinzulu ngamandla yiSoviet baba nomdla kwizihloko ngezakwaLizwi, nangona kweyisa kuloo minyaka ukungakholelwa ukuba nenkani.

Unomdla, ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ngqo ingqikelelo womgaqo enikwa nguBawo Florensky, kodwa niwubophe ukuba indlela ethile nengqondo. Ukuba oku akwenzeki, ngoko umntu baya kukholwa kuThixo, kungekhona kweli engenangqondo ezikhoyo, nangona ngaphandle ethile logic.

Okumangalisayo kukuba, Rauschenbach wafumana imodeli zezibalo ukucacisa ingqiqo yomfuziselo ukholo, iimfundiso zayo kaBathathu Emnye. Le modeli wazingqina kumda wesangqa kwanangamacandelo alo amathathu kule nokulungelelanisa inkqubo-ntathu.

Le ngxaki ingasonjululwa: imfundiso kaBathathu Emnye (Emnye) ukuba kufanelekile logic ngokusesikweni. Lo mcimbi ke kuthelekiswa kukuqhushumba ezabo. Kakade ke, lo 'logic kaBathathu Emnye "kubalulekile, kodwa oko akuthethi kuyeka ekumazini uThixo, ekubeni eneneni ekumazini uThixo ayiphele ndawo.

Ummi welizwe labo

Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, iincwadi, amanqaku leyo ngokufuthi kuxhotyiswa kunye nenkxalabo bayahlelwa kwilizwe labo nakwihlabathi, awaba nako ukubukela kwenzeka ntoni ngeenxa zonke kuye. Ukuhlwempuzeka yangoku yabantu Russian, ubuhlwempu, inzululwazi ntlungu kunye umsindo ngaphakathi. Wayengakwazi ukuqonda yokunqongophala kwemali evela kurhulumente ye-mali kwezemfundo, inzululwazi, lo gama kweli lizwe kwakukho zophuculo kunazo yodidi oluthile lwabantu.

"Therapy kukothuka" Gaidar ukuba Boris Viktorovich, inzululwazi liphezulu lobuchule, ubugcisa, ezoqoqosho, waza waba umzekelo yokunqongophala eliphezulu zobunkokeli lizwe. Rauschenbach wayekholelwa ukuba iRussia kufuneka sifumane indlela yokuphuma le nkinga, kancinane buhlungu ngenxa eRashiya.

"Iingcamango belusizi" Rauschenbach

Kwinqaku yakhe yokugqibela "iingcamango udakumbile" Boris Rauschenbach ibonakalisa ngekamva lonke uluntu, ukubonisa ngokwalo kungekuphela nje ngummi eRashiya, kodwa bonke abemi uMhlaba.

kanye kwisihloko senqaku esithi malunga nohlobo ezi ukukhanya. It Rauschenbach esahlula umba lwentando ezintethweni ezingezizo, yedemokhrasi oxhaphakileyo ehlabathini namhlanje. Yaye enze umnyinyiva iRashiya.

Umbhali itsalela ingqalelo yokuba zonke izenzo ezikhulu ezenziwe phantsi amazwi zedemokhrasi, uthiwe lwale likratshi lwentando badla esingaqondwayo bububhanxa ukuba zimele imidla yabantu ikude lee ngamandla.

Xa umsebenzi wayo, lo academician uphakamisa ukubuyela amaxabiso yemveli yabantu, oko kukuthi, usapho, uluntu. Ukholelwa ukuba noxanduva zabantu kufuneka ibe ngaphezulu kwe amalungelo abo. Rauschenbach bakholelwa ukuba le ndlela kuphela uya kubasindisa abantu ekutshatyalalisweni. I onguwumbi kunikwa. Ukongeza, i-nzulu ukholelwa ukuba kufuneka kubekho urhulumente umhlaba, umgaqo siya kuba nzima, kodwa zobungcali kakhulu.

Kuba kwinkulungwane edluleyo, ngokutsho Rauschenbach, waba ubuntu lihamba kwelinye icala, remaking yena kunye nendalo. Kwaye, ngelishwa, kukho abantu abambalwa kakhulu ngubani na kuvula amehlo abantu ukuba iimpazamo elidlulileyo langoku, nabangekafumani abone isiphelo.

isiphelo

Boris Rauschenbach wafa Matshi 27, 2001. engcwabeni lakhe kwi Novodevichy emangcwabeni.

Wafa Isazinzulu ngomhla Theodore Icon ye nguMama kaThixo. kwaqhutywa inkonzo yomngcwabo e St Nicholas Kuznetsky itempile. Eli ukuthanda sisazinzulu obalaseleyo eSoviet kunye Russian.

Ngaye, uluntu kulahleke enye buchopho zayo, ngummi Earth emhlabeni.

Ixabiso wegalelo sisazinzulu ngayo inzululwazi kunye nenkcubeko Russia bathi izihloko zakhe amabhaso. Rauschenbach yi lilungu elikhutheleyo oqeqesho ezintathu (Academy of Sciences, i-International Academy of Astronautics kunye Space Academy. Tsiolkovsky). Yena wawongwa uLenin Demidov Prize, kunye uHero Socialist Yabasebenzi. Kweliso Research Council "Imbali of World neNkcubeko" RAS.