Yintoni eyona njongo yenyikima? Oonobangela kunye neziphumo neenyikima

Ekubeni yasekwa ngenxa ezithile neenkqubo kuqweqwe lomhlaba ke kukho iingcangcazela ebuhlungu, inzululwazi yanamhlanje,, asinako ukugcina uluntu umbingelelo engento.

On a nomgqomo lomgubo

Iinyikima zisoloko uluntu nesenzeko unexplored kabuhlungu, kunye nenkqubela zobugcisa, lo computerization inzululwazi kwaye lizimisele ephepheni imifuziselo zemathematika ke, waza wanceda ukuqonda iinkqubo ibakho kuqweqwe lomhlaba, kodwa akwanelanga ukuthintela okanye ubuncinane ukunciphisa, neziphumo zazo. Ngapha koko, ukuba ngaphambili kwakukholelwa ukuba iingcangcazela kungenzeka kuphela kwiindawo ezithile zehlabathi - kwisiphambuka ziitectonic plates , okanye iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa ophezulu mlilo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo abebalwa apho kwafuneka alinde komncinane kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

Ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo baziva abantu Yakutia, Odessa kunye eMoscow, ngenxa yale tsunami ezinxulumene-ukunyikima rhoqo ubunzima izixeko kunye nemimandla ukuba kumgama eziliqela amashumi amawaka eekhilomitha ukusuka kumbindi womhlaba.

Imvelaphi isenzeko

A impendulo ecacileyo kumbuzo yintoni ayisekho ugqaliselo yenyikima, unanamhla - izazinzulu musa ngqo ngendlela eyodwa kolu luvo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko kwakuthetha kwindawo ethile elulwalweni, sise kude phezu komhlaba, apho ngenxa ombane accumulated kwenzeka ezahlukeneyo shifts ziitectonic plates kunye deformation. Banikela kubekho amaza yenyikima abaneka kuzo zonke iindlela, ndisolulela kumphezulu womhlaba, yenza ukutshatyalaliswa wakhe ukuba sisale.

ukungaqondi ezifanayo

Iziko kunye nombindi wenyikima, ezinxamnye uluvo, kwakheka ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle koonondaba - iingqiqo azikho nye. Kodwa ukuqonda abantu abaninzi ukuba yintoni umahluko. Ukuba yinyaniso ukuba lo mthombo inyikima, ibhekisela kwindawo ethile ezinzulwini qweqwe lomhlaba okanye ingubo yokwaleka, kumbindi womhlaba ngengqiqo lwezenzululwazi le ngongoma, nto leyo ezayo le hypocenter phezu komhlaba. Kwaye ukuba ukuba wavakalelwa Barr kakhulu.

Kukho eziliqela izizathu apho umonakalo kakhulu enzulu kuba kwiindawo ukuba kude kakhulu ukusuka kumbindi womhlaba. Oku, umzekelo, inhomogeneity of kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, ichaphazela ngqo zombini lonikezelo kunye nohlobo ngokwabo amaza.

Imithetho and exceptions

Uninzi umothuko wamva abhalwe asuka imida kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, oko kukuthi umgama hayi ngaphezulu kwe 50-60 yeekhilomitha ukusuka kumphezulu womhlaba. Noko ke, imbali iye amatyala eyaziwa apho ubunzulu ekugxilwe yenyikima yaba iikhilomitha 500 okanye ngaphezulu, kodwa iintlekele zemvelo ngelo xesha ephathekayo, kunye neziphumo zazo - ezibangele (ngakumbi, yenyikima kuLwandle Okhotsk ngoMeyi 2013).

Eyona umonakalo, njengoko umthetho, kukho iingcangcazela ezenzeka kubunzulu encinane njengoko zihamba kuphela ngamaza wenyikima, kodwa ayikaqondwa kunye komhlaba.

Le ndawo kuyo yonke into iqala

Bazindla ukuba le eziko iinyikima, iingcali wayecinga isixa esithile elulwalweni, kodwa inkqubo ihamba okanye laphula kwesikhoko uqala ngokuthi akhululwe imali enkulu of energy ayikho kwiindawo ezininzi ngaxeshanye, enye ingakumbi ngenqaku elinye. Eli ke liziko lo mthombo inyikima - indawo apho amaza eyenziwe, ebhalwe ngu wezazi kamva.

Indlela ukufumanisa inyikima?

Ukuze wenze oku, kukho seismographs, izixhobo, ngoncedo lwabo, amaza rivaleleke. Emva kokuhlalutya onke amaxabiso, iingcali na onokumxelela apho kuya kubakho inyikima, yintoni na kum amandla umothuko wamva hit. Wezazi ukulumkisa abantu ngalo oku, ukunciphisa imiphumela ntlekele kubuncinane nokuthintela ngxwelerha, nangona amanqaku ukujonga ngokuchanileyo olukhulu kunzima kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ukwenza oko ngendlela ngexesha akusoloko kusenzeka.

Abantu baye baqaphela ukuba izilwanyana kwakhona ukuphendula yinyikima ezayo. Umzekelo, iinkuku, izinja, iihagu, iimpuku baqala ukuba siziphathe Ndigungqagungqiswa iiyure ezimbalwa phambi kokuba umothuko wamva. Ngoko ke, le lali kusetyenziswa ukujonga ukuziphatha kwabo.

inawo

Ukuba kunjalo, yintoni na le nto yenyikima, inzululwazi isigqibo, ngoko usebenzisa ulwazi malunga nohlobo iingcangcazela isenzeka, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba kakhulu imeko inzima kakhulu. Imbali uyazi amatyala amaninzi xa izazinzulu bakwazi ukuqikelela indawo kunye nomhla ngoku- elandelayo, kodwa kwinkulungwane xxi, sithembele uqikelelo ngokusekelwe imigqaliselo kunye neemodeli, akukho mfuneko.

Umzekelo, inyikima enkulu kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia, leyo kwabulawa abantu malunga 250-300 amawaka, yaye uye waba ngomnye kwabathathu inamandla kwimbali namhlanje, bekusoloko kukho imfihlakalo epheleleyo ukuze wezazi. Kwakunye ukuvela itsunami buhlungu ngenxa yenyikima yaseJapan ngo-2011.