Izinyuko yangaphandle: uyilo, ufakelo. izinyuko Street for zokuhlala kunye namakhaya

izinyuko ezingaphandle endlwini unokwenza ezahlukahlukeneyo kwemisebenzi. izakhiwo bokwenziwa kunjeya ngokuqhelekileyo eyenziwe ngomthi, ngesinyithi, ikhonkrithi, izitena okanye iibhloko. Okunene ibandla ukusebenza ngokwayo kuxhomekeke injongo yabo bobabini, naphezu nezinto ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo owandayo.

Eyona engundoqo iintlobo lwezitepsi ngaphandle

Uhlobo uthandwayo izakhiwo ezinjalo, kakade, nevaranda. Le ezingaphakathi iyafumaneka phantse yonke ekhaya. Ukongeza ezaziyiyo iiveranda kwakhona abayiqokeleleyo izindlu lizwe:

• ekhokelela kumgangatho imbala okanye wesibini ezinyukweni kanye;
• umlilo.

Imilo ye uyilo yesitalato olu hlobo zezi:

• ngeenxa zonke;
• koxande;
• trapezoidal.

Njengoko inkxaso amanyathelo ngezinyuko xa lisetyenziswa kumaxesha Wahlanganisa ke stringers. Ngamanye amaxesha ke indawo usinga. okunyuka nge handrail okanye ngaphandle kwazo ingafakwa ezintendelezweni izindlu nezakhiwo yokuhlala. Kuyinto ezahlukeneyo indawo ezi zakhiwo ngokunxulumene kwisakhiwo. Lula kunokuba zombini ngezinyuko lwangaphandle ezikufutshane ukuya ekhaya, bacwangcise eyayingqalene nodonga okanye kwi-engile kubo.

Ngu zokwakha kunye nezingenayo sabo siba nobhazabhaza. Iintlobo lokuqala ithathwa zibelula ukusebenzisa ngakumbi. Iiveranda kunye ngezinyuko ekhokelela kumgangatho wesibini okanye imbala ngokuqhelekileyo kuyenza-flight phakathi. Ujije uyilo ezisetyenziswa kwiinkundla kunqabile. Apha kuzo kukulawula kuphela apho isithuba akwanelanga ukufaka iintlobo hambo.

izinyuko nkqo ingaphandle Ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakala kuphela kwiinkundla esixeko Izakhiwo eziphakamileyo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ziyaxhonywa zize kumakhaya abazalwana. lwakhiwo lunokuthi zisetyenziswa ncakasana kuphela njengomlilo.

Ukhuselo

Wakunyelisa isitalato uYehu ezinyukweni kanye, njengoko eqongeni, zingakotshwa ezenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo: eziphathekayo, iinkuni, ngesinyithi. Iimfuno eziphambili zamiselwa abalindi ezi iyahlala nobuhle imbonakalo. Ukuba bahlanganise nonyeliso akuthethi ukusebenzisa umbandela ofanayo ukuba ulwakhiwo kolo hambo. Ngoko ke, izinyuko eziphathekayo nga kufuneka zincediswe kocingo a yesinyithi, intsimbi - imithi, njl

Ngu komzila ngesandla zidla thaca imfuneko enye kuphela - kufuneka kube lula ukuyisebenzisa. Ngoko ke, lo element yenziwe ngomthi. Nemithi kunye nebhodi, njengoko nisazi, ube iqondo elisezantsi conductivity thermal. Ngenxa yalo msebenzi, zokubambelela yeplanga ingadlali eziphakamileyo ubushushu nengqele.

Iingcingo izinyuko ezingaphandle: Design

Ngokukhetha i yoyilo handrail kufuneka wasondela kakhulu ngakumbi. Kuyinto design babo uqobo ichaza indlela engaphandle uhlobo izinyuko ngokubanzi. iingcingo zomthi rhoqo enze oqingqiweyo. izinyeliso metal entle kakhulu kwaye zomgunyathi. Jonga steel ucingo okulungileyo iqaqanjiswa mihla zidityaniswe, umzekelo, izinto ezifana polycarbonate okanye iglasi toughened.

Ukuhombisa iindonga icala izakhiwo monolithic concrete adla ngokusetyenziswa sustainers ithayile okanye zakhiwe. Maxa wambi ehamba ngaphandle ulungile le ntlobo nazo zenziwe ngamatye zendalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo okanye lenyengane, okanye naziiperile. In a izindlu ezibiza kakhulu agqibileyo wakunyelisa ikhonkrithi kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa neyaspisi, yeNyoka, nebherilo, njl

izigaba design

ukucoca yokukhetha imingcelele kwizinyuko, njengoko ukuze handrail kuxhomekeke kakhulu izinto esetyenziselwa imveliso. izinyuko zomthi ngokwabo ngendlela encomekayo. Ngoko ke, ngokuqhelekileyo nje ivanishi bekujongiwe unyango lwezoyilo esitalatweni. sigaba Metal badla sheathe umthi okanye sebenzisa i irabha okanye iplastiki yethemba. izakhiwo eziphathekayo, kwakunye wakunyelisa monolithic igcwele iithayile yodongwe okanye ilitye yendalo.

iimfuno isniphu ngokuphathelene nobukhulu

Kakade ke, izinyuko ezitratweni kufuneka entle nje kuphela kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa ekhuselekileyo. Nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinjalo inyanzelekile ukuba athobele imithetho isniphu:

• ububanzi leri kufuneka bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-90 cm. Ukuba hambo sele ihamba ecaleni oko kubo nabanye abantu nganye nje abayi kuba nako ukuphuma. Ngeyona ngokubhekiselele kwiindleko izinto kunye neenkonzo kucingelwa ukuba ububanzi ezinyukweni ukuya kwiimitha 1-1.5.
• Ubunzulu amanyathelo ngokwabo kufuneka ezinjalo ukuba wabeka unyawo indoda ehamba kwizinyuko. Ngokutsho imimiselo, kufuneka bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-30 cm lo mzobo. Nqanaba omxinwa kungenzeka kuphela umlilo ukubaleka ngaphandle. Kuba nokuveliswa izakhiwo ezinjalo lidla ezakusetyenziswa indawo kwithala kwi-5-10 cm.
• NgoMatshi omnye imithetho kufuneka ungabi ngaphezu kweqondo lama-18. Xa eli nani lincinane ayikho kangako.
• Ubude kangangoko nobhazabhaza edlulisa esetyenziselwa intshukumo kubahlali isakhiwo uthathwa 15-20 cm.
• Ukuphakama zokubambelela kufuneka ubuncinane 90 cm. Kulo mzekelo, phakathi balusters akunakwenzeka ukuba ushiye umgama cm kwama-15. Ingakumbi, kubalulekile ukuba esi mthetho kuloo makhaya bahlala kuyo abantwana. Abasafunda ukuhamba banomdla kakhulu kwaye ukuba umgama phakathi balusters ziya kuba ngakumbi, ukuze ngenduku wafaka intloko yakhe phakathi kwabo.

izinyuko nkqo ekhokelela imbala, kunokuba zombini fixed kunye addl. Le ndlela yokugqibela esisetyenziselwa kokususa kophahla kuphela okulala. Design, ekujongwe ukuba aphakamise eliphezulu zokuhlala okanye kumgangatho wesibini mfuneko ukulungiseka kuphela.

iimpawu eziphambili izinyuko ngamaplanga

uyilo Street yale ntlobo zidla imvelaphi inyuselwa pine. Le lusaziswa ixesha elide, ukumelana ukufuma kunye ukukhanya UV kwaye ibiza kakhulu. Njengoko inkxaso amanyathelo ezinyukweni kanye yamaplanga, bavame stringers babesebenzisa. Maxa wambi wayisebenzisela umtya.

Imingcelele on kosour khangela oluqinileyo kunye nomtsalane. Noko ke, ukuba ukuqokelela izinyuko ezinjalo nzima. Ingaba stringers iibhodi ububanzi oqingqiweyo kuzo ecaleni ngohlangothi okuma kwinqanaba. Wesaphetha amalungiselelo nje ngaxeshanye omnye komnye. Inkxaso amanyathelo ekusebenziseni zabo eyenziwe kumaqhekeza amaplanga. Le nto isenokuba yinto nje abotshwe kumtya ngaphakathi linyathelo ethile.

izinyuko yangaphandle kumgangatho wesibini okanye eliphezulu nga ndawonye ukusuka imingcelele amabini okanye amathathu. Kulo mzekelo, ibhodi nalo ukuya kwindawo mvelo.

iimpawu eziphambili lwezitepsi metal

Uyilo ezinjalo ngokuqhelekileyo kuqokelela kumtya. Wayedla ngokusebenzisa loo nkxaso enye kuphela (yejelo), waqalisa ezinzulwini kaMatshi. Ngaphantsi kweqonga ngokwabo kulo mzekelo, amaqhekeza lembombo ziqhotyoshelwe. Ngamanye amaxesha welding amanyathelo yesinyithi kunye stringers. Abatyali indlwane kwi iibheringi ezinjalo zenziwe iziqwengana ngentsimbi bent.

izakhiwo Steel idla ngokuba iinkuni imali eninzi kakhulu. Ngoko ke, kwiimeko ezininzi entendelezweni yasebenzisa nje umlilo yesinyithi ukubaleka ngaphandle. Ngamanye amaxesha le ndawo nomzila, njengoko eqinile ngaphezu iinkuni bona, yaye usetyenziswa amalungiselelo ezi imingcelele, ekhokelela kumgangatho eliphezulu okanye wesibini. Lineevaranda kunjalo ngokufuthi wathulula ikhonkrithi okanye wadubula phantsi kweeplanga.

izinto Steel elihamba eziqhagamshelene ukuwelda okanye ngokusebenzisa izitshixo. Amanyathelo izakhiwo ezinjalo kuba metal eqinileyo okanye lwaso.

Ukwakhiwa izinyuko eziphathekayo

Ukusetyenziswa udaka lwesamente kwisitrato lidla kuphela kunye neeveranda yezindlu. Pre phantsi ezinjalo izakhiwo zilungiswe ngendlela yesiseko esiqinileyo iphedi eziphathekayo. Ngakumbi imvelaphi inyuselwa formwork. Emva bathele kwinqanaba lokuqala isithuba phakathi kwawo yaye indlu izele iziseko phantsi okanye igrabile kakuhle ubunjwe. Emva koko ke lesibini ibakala obegalelwe. Oku kubangela "Umkhombe" backfilled kwakhona luhlalu. Xa onjalo ulandelelwano umsebenzi wenziwa kubude ezinqwenelekayo kwevaranda. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela kwindawo concreted phambi komnyango.

Galela amanyathelo zesamente kwevaranda babekwa unyanzeliso. Shelwe Ebubanzini yentonga ufanele asebenze emancamini ezimalunga-20 cm. Oku kufuneka ukuba ibe isidumbu ngeentambo unyanzeliso Nyathela iindonga monolithic nevaranda. Le yokugqibela sathululwa kungena formwork.

Osuka esitratweni ubungeke

Yakha izakhiwo hlobo, kwakunye isingqisho, kunye ngezandla zakhe akukho nzima kakhulu. Ilungu inkxaso ophambili nobhazabhaza helical na kwipali ixesha elide. Amanqanaba iyalungiswa kwaso ngokusebenzisa izinto eqwalasele okhethekileyo. Zinelungelo imilo trapezoidal. nobhazabhaza Ukonakala khangela mihla ngakumbi kwaye original ngaphezu efake. Noko ke, ukhuseleko intshukumo zingaphantsi.

yini kube nqanaba

Kuyo nayiphi na amanyathelo ibaluleke kakhulu kukuba, Kakade ke, lo msebenzi osemqoka. Zonke izigaba komjikelo kufuneka alingane. izinyuko eziphathekayo bakholisa kwenziwa kuphela "iimfama". Le risers ngomthi kunye nentsimbi (inxalenye nkqo) idla alusekho. Udluliselwe izakhiwo ezinjalo enganeno. Kodwa khangela izinyuko ngaphandle risers eziqinileyo ngaphantsi noluthembekileyo ngaphezu i "iimfama".

Ngamanye amaxesha kuyenzeka ukuba xa ufaka uyilo hambo sithuba saneleyo ukuba lilungiselelo site. Kulo mzekelo, i ngezinyuko ke intw 'amanyathelo zabezhnymi. Elinye icala zinawo, enye - ngokubanzi. Oko kukuthi, imilo ziyafana izakhiwo yeqonga helical.

Kakade ke, le nto lo, ingumbandela obalulekileyo leri, kungakhathaliseki ukuba kulungile, kufuneka nje ixesha elide. Ngokukodwa, ukhathalelo kufuneka kuthathwe ukuba ukhethe zentlelo ngezinto ezifana nezinyuko zomthi ebonakalayo. Ububanzi amanyathelo ibhodi kufuneka ubuncinane 2.5-3 cm. Ukunqabiseka kwi-stringers okanye wesaphetha iibholiti kuphela. asinakusetyenziswa ngezikhonkwane kule meko. Kungenjalo amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ukugungqa kwaye ukuhambisa leri uya kuba engakhuselekanga.