Izinto ezibangela le tsunami: imiqondiso senkangeleko ingozi itsunami

Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, inani leentlekele zemvelo ehlabathini lonke liye lenyuka ngaphezu kabini. Iingozi ezininzi bendalo libhekisa tsunami - amaza amakhulu umbulali.

Wena ucinga ukuba uyazi ngokwaneleyo ngayo? Ngoko zama ukuphendula le mibuzo elula:

• Zintoni izinto ezibangela ukuba tsunami;
• Iimpawu, nto leyo ukumisela indlela yayo;
• Sixelele ukuba yintoni ekufuneka uyenze ukuze ubunzima kwimiphumo ngamaza umbulali.

Ayizange ayisebenzi? Emva koko, nceda ufunde eli nqaku, ukuba kunokwenzeka, olu lwazi ngelinye ilanga wowusindisa umphefumlo wakho.

Yintoni tsunami?

Kuya kuba itsunami - izizathu kunye neziphumo zale meko kufuneka ukwazi kuluntu lwanamhlanje. Eyaziwa binzana liye kuthi evela eJapan akumangalisi kuba lelona lizwe kakhulu ukuba ubunzima amaza umbulali. Tsunami yaseJapan eboniswe abalinganiswa ababini: 津 - «Gulf port, bay" kwaye 波 - «wave». Ngoko ke, xa kukuguqulela eli gama lithetha "ngumtshangatshangiso kwi zibuko". Oku amaza amakhulu evela enzulwini yolwandle kunye ngamandla amakhulu entshabalalo iwela elunxwemeni.

Tsunami imiba echaphazela inokuchazwa eziziprayimari nezizisekondari. Awukhathazeki:

• hit ngamaza;
• airwave, ngaphambi kokuba izikhukula;
• uxinzelelo hydrodynamic;
• secondary kumela:
• nezikhukhula olupheleleyo ngengingqi;
• isidoda inqanawa ukuya elunxwemeni;
• ukutshatyalaliswa izakhiwo, iindlela, iibhulorho, iintambo zombane kunye nezinye izinto endleleni yakho ngamaza;
• ukufa zonke izinto eziphilayo;
• ukuthotywa lomhlaba, ukutshatyalaliswa kwezityalo yezolimo;
• imililo.

Apho ixhaphakileyo le nto?

Izizathu tsunami anxulunyaniswa kakhulu ngokuqhelekileyo ne umsebenzi neznye. Kungenzeka into efanayo kunokubonwa kunxweme wePasifiki. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu ukuya phezulu geoactive isitya. Kule nkulungwane yeminyaka ezi ndawo bahlaselwa amaza ezibulalayo izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwama-1000. Ngelo xesha efanayo Indian kunye Atlantic the Ocean, le nto iye yabonakala ngamaxesha ezininzi kangako.

Ngomhla kummandla Russia, kuyingozi kakhulu ngokwemiqathango tsunami, emdeni Kuril Islands kunye ena kunye Sakhalin Island.

Iparameters amaza ezibulalayo

Ukuqwalasela ezibangela tsunami, kufuneka kuqala zonke intetho ngento yokuba i parameters luphawulwa ngamaza enjalo, njengoko lingalinganiswa. Njengazo naziphi na ezinye yomtshangatshangiso, lo isivunguvungu ubude, umphakamo kunye nesantya intshukumo.

1. Kwamaza ibizwa umgama tye phakathi iincopho ezimbini (emile) Amaza ezikufutshane. I-avareji ubude-Internet ngumtshangatshangiso inokuba ukusuka 150 ukuya 300 km.
2. Ubude ngumgama phakathi Crest, lwamaza omnye umphantsi. Ngentla embindini tsunami, eli nani linokuba kakhulu amancinci - ukusuka seemitha-1 ukuya kwisi-5.
3. Isantya - ngesantya linear intshukumo ye into ethile, umz, The Ridge. Amaninzi, eli nani isusela ukusuka 500 ukuya ku-1000 km / h, nto leyo eya uyavuma, kakhulu kunene.

Onke amaza amanani itsunami zixhomekeke ubunzulu ukwenzeka indawo. Iliza nzulu kwakungaphumi, kokukhona kuya kuba ubude balo ngaphezu isantya ukwandisa, kodwa height encinane nje. Umzekelo, isantya andise i-tsunami Ocean, ubunzulu-avareji apho imalunga-4 km, nama-ilingana 700-800 km / h. Xa besondela elunxwemeni wave andise Velocity kunciphisa kakhulu ukuya ku 80-100 km / h. Ngoko ke, lo ezincinane kubunzulu, le mihlathana kwamaza, kodwa ukunyuka ukuphakama ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza elunxwemeni. Kwezinye iimeko ukufikelela leemitha 45-50.

ngamandla

Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe yintoni unobangela tsunami, cinga imida ye ngobunzulu yale meko. Ewe, i-tsunami njengoko inyikima, kukho iyantlukwano, ezivakaliswe amanqaku. Xa iyonke kukho amanqanaba ezintandathu yaye imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• 1 point - isenzeko sicacisiwe kakubi kakhulu, eli tsunami angabhalisa kuphela izixhobo ezikhethekileyo - tide gauge;
• amanqaku ama-2 - kakhulu wave buthathaka nje caba nga kukhukulisa konxweme; lingakwazi inokubonwa iingcali eziphambili;
• 3 amanqaku - amandla avareji kwetsunami, qaphela ukuba nabanina; Lubonakala yi zizikhukula zonxweme tyaba, izakhiwo umonakalo lung yonxweme; kwakhona elunxwemeni nga kukhutshelwa kuvela ukukhanya;
• 4 amanqaku - esinda intlekele womelele; coast izikhukhula ngokupheleleyo, yaye zonke izakhiwo wonxweme umonakalo omkhulu; gangalala apho elunxwemeni, uze emva koko wahlamba emva amaphenyane ukukhanya sailboats ezinkulu kakhulu; ugu enezinto isanti, intlenga nengqushu imithi; nethuba lombingelelo;
• 5 amanqaku - into onamandla kunene, ephelekwa amaxhoba amaninzi; Waterfront zonakala ngenxa amakhulu ezininzi kweemitha elunxwemeni waphoswa iinqanawa ezinkulu; kufutshane nemilambo uphuphume ezikhukhula onamandla yokwanda;
• amanqaku 6 - engozini enkulu; umhlaba ozaliswe ngokupheleleyo kwiikhilomitha ezininzi elizweni, kukho iingxwelerha ubunzima, kukho umonakalo olupheleleyo kwiindawo ezingqongileyo.

Kutheni kukho amaza umbulali?

Apha siza kumbuzo wokuba kutheni kukho ezi amaza ezoyikekayo. Ukuqalisa uluhlu oonobangela tsunami ngokufutshane;

• landslides;
• komhlaba;
• mlilo;
• ayevela bawe;
• umsebenzi yabantu.

Oyena nobangela uphambili amaza umbulali lowo ukunyikima zangaphantsi ngezibhulo zesinyithi phezulu okanye ezantsi, inqanaba kwintsele yolwandle. Malunga ne-85% yazo zonke iitsunami zenzeka ngenxa yesi sizathu. Kodwa asingabo bonke inyikima ehamba sikhatshwa iliza elikhulu. Kaninzi oku kwenzeka xa iziko ayikho nzulu kakhulu.

Esinye sezizathu landslides. Bona akhawunti malunga 7-8% lweziqalelo badlale. Le unobangela yesaqhwithi ngamandla neetsunami, njengoko kunjalo lwesibini, njengoko landslides kaninzi kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba nazo.

Isizathu sesithathu - iqhuma kwamanzi mlilo. iqhuma inkwili bomeleleyo kalukhuni, ndoxelelwa ngubani na isiphumo esifanayo ukuba yenyikima. I-dubulo inkulu nosaziwayo kwenzeka ngo-1883. Krakatau mlilo liye laba unobangela itsunami enkulu yatshabalalisa iinqanawa ngaphezu kwama 5,000 ehlabathini lonke, kwafa abantu abanokuba ngama-36,000.

Ngokukhawuleza ekuphuhliseni ifomu amandla enyukliya imvelaphi ngokuba ukuvela omnye unobangela amaza ezinkulu - izenzo zabantu. Various olunzulu uvavanyo, umzekelo, udubulo zenyukliya abakwaziyo ukwenza into enjalo ngathi itsunami.

ezincinane kakhulu, kodwa ipesenti, baza banikwa loo nesenzeko cosmic ezifana awe esibhakabhakeni bawe.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba amaza ngxilimbela bavame sisiphumo sokungabikho namnye kodwa eziliqela. Kwaye kulo mzekelo ke ingakumbi ebuhlungu. Apha ezi zisenokuba unobangela ngetsunami.

imiphumela

Esinye seziphumo abanobubi tsunami, Kakade ke, imibingelelo zabantu. Umnye ubomi kungcwatywa wave abantu - sele intaba enkulu. Yintoni apha ukuthetha malunga amakhulu namawaka amaxhoba.

Ukongeza, i-tsunami eyabangelwa Ubumtyuwa kunye nokuthotywa kweendawo ezinkulu zonxweme, kwakunye zizikhukula epheleleyo kwimimandla yonxweme. Zonke iimpahla balibeka kufuphi nonxweme, zitshabalale, kunye nezakhiwo ezikufuphi nezakhiwo nga kutshatyalaliswa emhlabeni.

Indlela ukuqaphela tsunami?

Izinto ezibangela le tsunami ingaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ecacileyo, kodwa indlela iimpawu ememezela inkathazo?

Indlela yokuqala ziintlekele zemvelo bazive iintaka kunye nezilwanyana baqalisa ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo. Ubunzima "utshintshelo" amarhamncwa baqalise nje iiyure ezimbalwa okanye iintsuku ezimbalwa phambi kokuba ntlekele. Mhlawumbi, iintaka kunye nezilwanyana va ezinye amaza amandla ithunyelwe yi Mother Earth. Enyanisweni, isilwanyana ichaphazela intsimi magnetic ukusuka kumphezulu womhlaba emoyeni liphuma loqukuqelo nabo icala emoyeni umda yokutshaja umbane. Hi ndlela leyi, le nto ayikho izilwanyana kuphela va - abantu abaninzi ekuthiwa-meteodependent iqala yintloko nodandatheko.

Ukuba uhlala phezu konxweme, wamisa i akwariyam uqaphele nabemi bayo. Yiloo nto kanye ethethwa Japanese, ngubani eminyaka zicacisa indlela ziintshukumo zenyikima kwi yokuziphatha catfish Aquarium. Kwakulindelwe umothuko wamva ezi ntlanzi ukuziphatha othukile kakhulu, ukuzama ngokoqobo tsibela ngaphandle akwariyam.

Imiqondiso ecacileyo yale ndlela itsunami ingakhangeleka ngolu hlobo:

• amanzi ngokukhawuleza ngesiquphe isuka ukusuka elunxwemeni, eshiya isijungqu ebanzi kwentlabathi;
• kukho iimpawu a iinyikima ezincinane (okanye enkulu) nangona eli nqanaba ayisosinyanzelo, njengoko nombindi wenyikima ibe kude elwandle kunye elunxwemeni ayikho awayevakalelwa ngayo yonke;
• wave motion lukhatshwa izandi ezifanayo ubethwe;
• ukutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha izilwanyana, iintaka neentlanzi (ukuba zilahlwe elunxwemeni).

Yintoni ofanele uyenze xa nesaziso esondela wave?

Ukuba uphawula loo oonobangela tsunami, inyikima okanye ukuwa esibhakabhakeni wakha wayibona imiqondiso ecacileyo indlela yayo, musa ukuthandabuza ukuba owesibini. Zisa izinto zexabiso kunye namaxwebhu, uthabathe abantwana nezalamane abadala, kwaye ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuya ukusuka elunxwemeni emhlabeni. ukubeka sangaphambili kunye intlanganiso indawo nosapho lwakho xa unokulahla omnye komnye.

Ukuba ungenza ngokukhawuleza ukuba ushiye indawo eyingozi, khangela ezinye iindlela usindiso. Oku kunokuba uhlobo kwinduli yendalo - ntaba okanye kwinduli. Kwakhona isakhiwo esifanelekileyo capital ephakamileyo, wenza ilitye okanye eziphathekayo. Ngokuba kuhle ukuba uza kuba umganyana kude elunxwemeni.

Kuyimfuneko ukuze uhambise ndlela imfutshane, uphambuke ezintethweni emfuleni namaqumrhu amanzi ezahlukeneyo - ze iibhulorho, amadama, okugcina amanzi. Kokuba kube nokuqwalaselwa umgama onokhuselo ubuncinane 3-5 km ukusuka elunxwemeni.

Zama ukuhlala uzolile - ngokuphakuzela kuphazamisana kuphela. Livela kwetsunami kudla esisigxina izixhobo ze vula kwinkqubo isaziso. Ungaze ngoyaba ezi zandi nokuba amanye amaxesha kubonakala ukuba ubala.

Musa ukuhlala ukubona itsunami kwaye musa asondele unxweme kwisithuba seeyure 3-4 emva kokufika lencinibakazi yokuqala. Inyaniso kukuba lo yomtshangatshangiso akufane omnye - nowesibini, nowesithathu nako kufika emva kwemizuzu engama-30 okanye emva kweeyure ezi-3. Kokuba abuyele, qiniseka ukuba ngaphezu.

Ukwazi le mithetho elula Ungagcina ngokwenene ubomi bakho. Landela kubo xa waphawula ukuba iimpawu zokuqala ukuya ngamaza umbulali. Musa ukungabahoyi izandi siren, kwanokuba zonke ngeenxa ibango ukuba ubala.

isiphelo

Ngoku uyazi kakuhle ukuba oonobangela tsunami kunye neziphumo zazo. Ndinqwenela ukuba olu lwazi eyanceda ngokwenene kwimeko enzima. Khumbula tsunami - akakhawulezi kakhulu kwaye kakhulu yingozi intlekele yendalo. Ulwazi ezibangela le nto kwaye nemigaqo esisiseko yokuziphatha ndingekawuboni ukusindisa ubomi bakho.