HPP - a ... Shushenskaya HPP

HPP - iziko sakhiwe phezu komlambo ngenjongo soguqulo lwamandla ibe ombane. Enye izakhiwo eziphambili ephehla ugesi ngamanzi kwiimeko kakhulu idama oluthintela ijelo.

kanjani HPP

izitishi zamandla ngamanzi - oko kusoloko kubalulekile ukuba kuqoqosho into karhulumente, phakathi kwezinye izinto, nalo uphawu inkqubela mveliso. Kodwa ke, nangona omkhulu, ezifana izakhiwo ezinkulu-isikali ilula kakhulu umgaqo esebenzayo.

Ekuqaleni, amanzi anikiwe hydro iincakuba injini shelwe kwigumbi injini le. amandla lokugqibela ukujikeleza ikhutshelwa ngabavelisi. umbane inikezelwa nemigca amandla inkqubo kule ngingqi.

Isiseko salo naliphina uphawu na HPP Kakade ke, amandla ayo. Lo mba, ke, kuxhomekeke kwinani onqamlezwe ngokusebenzisa injini kwamanzi yaye noxinzelelo yayo. Okukhona inani lokugqibela, kungona isikhululo edamini.

iintlobo zezityalo

Ngenxa yoko, HPP - uncedo isikali ebalulekileyo nakhelwe phezu komlambo. Okwangoku ehlabathini kukho iindidi ezimbini kuphela eziphambili ephehla ugesi ngamanzi:

• emadamini;

• yeyantlukwano.

Kwimeko yokugqibela, ukuba umbane usebenzisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi kwi bile yesebe okanye etoneleni. yeyantlukwano eyakhelwe HPP ngokuqhelekileyo entabeni ayikho enemijelo ebanzi kakhulu anamandla.

Elements zokwakha HPP yesiqhelo

Ukongeza edamini, ulwakhiwo ephehla ugesi ngamanzi nakhelwe, kunye nezakhiwo ezifana:

• usomandla;
• gateway;
• sudopriemniki neleli iintlanzi;
• isixhobo benza amanzi;
• kwisixhobo.

Esi sakhiwo ibekwe HPP iholo umatshini kunye turbines neejenereyitha.

Yintoni na isikhululo derivational

Le mveliso - oku into eyodwa lisoloko sakhiwe kumgca kunye eweni. Amanzi kula emifuleni phantsi koxinzelelo ngamandla ngendlela yemvelo, ngoko ukuxhobisa idama kule meko ayikho imfuneko. Lokuhamba kolo HPS iwela ngqo kwi isakhiwo engundoqo-injini. Le dama lidla wadala, kodwa indawo kwiimeko ezininzi mancinci kakhulu. amadama eyimfuneko kwizityalo ngamanzi kule hlobo kuphela ngokulungisa ukuhamba.

Ziziphi HPS ezi eRashiya?

izityalo ugesi ngamanzi amandla yakhiwe eRashiya, Kakade ke, lukhulu. Inkoliso yale misebenzi ukususela kumaxesha Soviet. Le mveliso yokuqala yakhiwa kummandla welizwe lethu, waba Zyryanskaya. Wakha le fasilithi kwi Tsarist Russia ngo 1892. Yaba isikhululo elincinane enikezela umbane ukuya yamalahle semibhobho yam yasekuhlaleni.

Ngeli xesha eSoviet urhulumente yamkela GOERLO isicwangciso jikelele apho iminyaka 10-15, elo lizwe kuthiwa ukwakha isikhululo samandla ngamanzi kunye umthamo opheleleyo ukuya 21.254 amawaka. L / s. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izityalo ezininzi kakhulu amandla ngamanzi kwi Russian Federation zezi:

• Sayano-Shushenskaya (Sayanogorsk) enesakhono 6.4 GV;
• Krasnoyarskaya (Divnogorsk) - 6 GV;
• Bratskaya (Bratsk) - 4,52 GV;
• Ust-Ilminsky - 3,84 GV;
• Boguchinskaya (Kodinsk) - 3 GV;
• Zhigulevskaya - 2.4 Ts;
• Bureyskaya - 2,01 GV;
• Cheboksarskaya (Novocheboksarsk) - 1.4 GV;
• Saratov (Balakovo) - 1.38 GV;
• Zeyskaya (Zea) - 1,33 GV;

Kwakhona, yinto enkulu ngokwaneleyo yi Nizhnekamskaya HPP (Naberezhnye Chelny). Igunya le sikhululo ngu 1.25 Ts. Umniniyo JSC 'Generation Inkampani "yaye" Tatenergo ". Yayakhiwe station kwi Kama River.

Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP: Imbali

Yiyo le isikhululo samandla ngamanzi, nto leyo eyinxalenye Yenisei ayo, yeyona inkulu kweli lizwe. Ngamnye ngonyaka ukuba ivelise avareji malunga 23.5 billion kWh / h umbane. Isigqibo yenziwa nguRhulumente USSR malunga nokwakhiwa kwesikhululo samandla Sayano-Shushenskaya ngo-1961. Musa ukusebenza ngayo ukwakhiwa yayo ngo 1968. Ngo-1978, idama Sayano-Shushenskaya wazaliswa. Ngokusesikweni, ulwakhiwo sikhululo sagqitywa kuphela ngo-2000.

Ukwakhiwa amandla kagesi, wahamba, ngelishwa, kubandakanywa zonke iintlobo lembandezelo. Ngexesha lokwakha izihlandlo eziliqela kutshatyalaliswa lwedama, kwaye edamini kwasekwa neentanda. Ekugqibeleni, Noko ke, ngokwendlela iingxelo kwiminyaka edlulileyo, yonke le miba iye yasonjululwa ngempumelelo.

station iimpawu

Sayano-Shushenskaya isikhululo samandla ngamanzi ekufuphi kwilali Cheryomushki kufuphi Sayanogorsk kwi Yenisei River. Okwangoku, kubalulekile ikakhulu isakhiwo imiselwe ku-10 kunye nemivo, amandla ngalinye 640 MW. Ukusebenza, lo gama ngelishwa, kukho iiyunithi-8 kuphela. Turbines kule sikhululo ukucwangcisa brand enamandla kakhulu RO-230 / 833-0-677, ezisebenzayo intloko rated 194 leemitha. Ukuphakama HPP dama 245 m. Ummandla akhiwa kwakhiwe isikhululo dama liba 621 km ^2.

Ngexesha ukwakhiwa mveliso amanzi, abangama-hectares 35.600 ka ukulima. Ngelo xesha ke kufuneka ukuba elinye njengoko iintlobo 2717 ezohlukeneyo zezakhiwo. Amanzi kwi dama HPP features mfanelo elungileyo, ukuze emazantsi kwiifama embalwa ezayo ngokukodwa ukuvelisa trout kwahlelwa. Reservoir ise station Sayano-Shushenskaya ngaxeshanye kwiindawo ezintathu: Khakassia, yaseTuva kunye Krasnoyarsk Territory. On kweendonga zayo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, izenzo kunye Sayano-Shushenskaya Biosphere Reserve.

Le ngozi Shushenskaya HPP 2009

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye kule Sayano-Shushenskaya amandla kagesi, kukho ingozi embi kakhulu, yabulala abantu 75. Agasti 17, 2009 kwiholo turbine i kwesakhiwo ngenxa umonakalo unit ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi yesibini kwakukho ukukhululwa omkhulu wamanzi evela samanzi. umlambo Uchitha waphula sithwele imihlathi lwesakhiwo nezonakeleyo izixhobo ezifakwe kuyo. Ngenxa lingenwe ngamanzi kwezinye umbane ngamanzi uphelelwe ukuze, kunye namanye, kunye bonke batshatyalaliswa. Zonke iinkqubo zobugcisa ibekwe ngezantsi 327, ziye nezikhukhula.

Ishenxisa iimpembelelo le ngozi inyanzela abaqeshwa zesikhululo. Ngaba iikontraki kamva inxaxheba. Ekupheleni amaqhaga hydraulic iingcali wathabatha malunga 9 iiyure nemizuzu engama-20. Water ukungena kwigumbi lenjini yamiswa. Ngokubanzi, umsebenzi ukuze kupheliswe iziphumo ingozi abangama-amawaka 2.7. Abantu eziqwenga kwama-200 nezixhobo. Ukuthintela amanzi ukuba angangeni holo kwafuneka ukuba kwakhiwe isakhiwo ithala, ubude iyonke obeziimitha 9683.