Ibinzana elithi "Hlukanisa kwaye unqobe!" Ngubani othe, uyazi? Kuthetha ukuthini "ukwahlula nokulawula" kuthetha kwaye ngubani okhokele lo mgaqo?

Enye yemigaqo-nkqubo yezopolitiko kwiintshaba zangaphandle ngamaxesha onke kwakuyi sibheno: "Hlukana kwaye unqobe!" Ngubani owakutshilo la mazwi, ngaphantsi kweemeko zivela phi kwaye indlela umthwalo wabo we-semantic ushintshile ngayo kwiinkulungwane, ngoku siyazama ukuyiqonda. Kwakhona qwalasela loo mizekelo yelizwe elikuthi, ngokuthe ngathethi, zithembeke kule nkcazo, kwaye uzama ukulandelela inkambo yomlando yeziganeko kwimida yabo.

La mazwi avelaphi kwaye avela nini?

Okokuqala, makhe sizame ukuhlalutya ngqo kwimvelaphi yegama elithi "Ulwahlulo kwaye unqobe". Ngubani owakutshoyo, akwaziwa ngokupheleleyo, ekubeni ibinzana ngokwayo libonakala kwimo ecocekileyo kwimithombo ebhaliweyo yomthetho kuphela ngekhulu le-19. Wayekho kwincwadi yomlobi waseJalimane uHeinrich Heine, apho echaza okokuqala ukuba eli binzana lathethwa nguMlawuli waseMacedonia uFilipu, uyise ka-Aleksander Omkhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kunzima ukuchaza ukuba lo mgaqo-nkqubo wezopolitiko ulawulo oluseMacedonia elona lixesha elide, ekubeni lenzeke kwamanye amazwe amaninzi ayekho kwixesha elidala. Ngokomzekelo, ngokwemiqulu evumiweyo, iimbali-mlando zikholelwa ukuba loo mgaqo-nkqubo uthathe indawo ebalulekileyo kwizopolitiko zoBukumkani baseRoma, ekubeni leyo nto ibonisa "ukwahlula kunye ne-impera" kwiintlobo ezininzi ezivela kwiiLatini. Kukholelwa ukuba le yimbohlobo eqhelekileyo kaRhulumente we-Senate yamaRoma, i-credo yabo yobomi.

Uphi indawo yokuzalwa yale gama?

Ekubeni la magama sele abe yinto enobungqina bezopolitiko yamagunya amaninzi asemapopeni eMhlaba ngaphambili, namhlanje iintlanga ezininzi zibhalela kwakhona kumaphepha embali yazo. Ewe, makhe siqwalasele enye inguqu malunga neyakho ibinzana elithi "hlukana kwaye unqobe". Othe wathetha la mazwi, amaFrentshi ayazi, okanye ubuncinane bacinga ukuba bayazi. Ngokwenguqu yabo yayinguKumkani Louis XI ebomini bakhe (wayehlala kwaye wabusa ngekhulu le-15), wathi: "Hlukanisa i-regner", eguqulela ngokuthi "ukwahlula ukubusa."

Nangona kunjalo, ngekhulu le-19 lemfilosofi yaseFransi uPaul Joseph Proudhon naye watshintshisa le binzana , wathi "Hlukanisa kwaye unqobe" kwisiLatini. Udla ngokukrakra ngeli gama, esithi, ngokwabelana, uya kuba sisityebi, uya kuba yinkosi, uya kuba nako ukunqoba bonke abantu kunye nokuhleka okusesikweni.

Ukwahlukana okungafaniyo kwanele

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba, ngokwemiqathango yonke ekhoyo ekhompyutheni, lo mgaqo-nkqubo wezopolitiko awukwazi ukuba neengcambu zasendulo. "Yahlukanisa kwaye uyinqobe" ngesiLatini eqala ukuva emlonyeni womFrentshi uProudhon, kunye nawo onke amaxwebhu kunye nemithetho enxulumene nexesha lolawulo lobukhosi baseRoma, amazwi anjalo awanjalo. Into kuphela eyenza ababhali-bembali bacinge ngento yokuba le ngcaciso ilahlekile yile ngcaciso epheleleyo kula mazwi yomgaqo-nkqubo we-senate yasendulo. Emva koko, kwakubukumkani baseRoma kangangokuba ngelo xesha bawunqoba amazwe ahlukeneyo kwimicimbi yoluntu. Kwakungamagama, kwindlela yabo echanekileyo okanye eguquguqukileyo, eyayiyisiseko sokuziphatha kwezopolitiko ngabo bonke abalawuli kunye nabaphathi bamandla amakhulu.

Inentsingiselo kunye nencoko yegama kwi-science yesayensi

Ukuba sithetha ngale ngxelo kuphela kwinqanaba le-theory, oko kukuthi, uchaza umgaqo wokusebenza kwayo, isiseko kunye nesiseko, ngoko siya kufikelela kwesi sigqibo esilandelayo. Umgaqo-nkqubo wezopolitiko "ulwahlula kwaye ulawulo" luhlobo lomgaqo olawulayo, ikakhulu kulawo mazwe anamaqela ahlukeneyo. Ezi nxalenye, zingaphinde zihluke komnye ngokohlobo lwentlanga kubemi, ngeenkcubeko kunye nezithethe okanye nakwintsapho (ukuba ilizwe linamazwe ahlukileyo awathatyathwe ngumntu oyedwa). Lo mgaqo uchaza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukugcina "umatshini" onjalo phantsi kokulawulwa kuphela ngokugcina rhoqo iingxabano phakathi kwamaqela akhona kweli lizwe. Kufuneka kwakhona kuqaphele ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo eli qhinga liyimfihlo, oko kukuthi, ukukhuthaza nokuxhasa iingxabano zezopolitiko nezentlalo zenziwa ngasese. Ngendlela yobuqhetseba, abaphathi basekuhlaleni kunye nabantu babandakanyeka.

Kuthetha ntoni "ukwahlula kunye nokuyisa" kwimbali?

Ukuqwalasela iziganeko ezenzeka ngexesha lolawulo lobukhosi baseRoma, unokulandelela ngokuchanekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwamagama. Amazwe angeniswe kulo bantu baseLatini basendulo bahlala behlasela imfazwe, babone ukuxabana phakathi kwabantu abahlukeneyo kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo nakwizizwe. Phakathi kwazo, iYiputa ngumzekelo obalaseleyo, owawunqotshwa ngokupheleleyo ngummelwane waselunxwemeni wasentla. Ininzi yemihlaba yoBukumkani baseRoma ixhomekeke kuMbindi Mpuma. Phantse yonke iMpuma yeMeditera yayilahlekelwe ngokupheleleyo ngabatshutshisi, kwaye ngelo xesha, inkcubeko yamaRoma, unqulo, amasiko kunye nezopolitiko zongezwa kwiindawo zokuzikhusela kunye nokungahambisani.

Lo mgaqo usebenza njani namhlanje?

Ngokweengcali zezopolitiko zanamhlanje, indlela enamandla kunazo zonke yokulawula amaqela amakhulu abantu yile ngcamango ezwakala ngathi "Hlukanisa kwaye unqobe". Ngubani owathi iqela elikhulu linokutshatyalaliswa liqela elincinci labantu abasemgangathweni karhulumente? Ngokuchanekileyo, kulula kakhulu ukulawula amaqela ahlukeneyo abantu, okuza kubonakalisa ukubaluleka komnye kunye nokuphakama kwakhe, kuya kuphelisa ngokukhawuleza ubutyebi babo, ngoko ke baya kuba buthathaka kwaye bathathaka. Emva kokusabalalisa abameli beendawo zengingqi (njengoko amaRoma ayesetyenziselwa ukuqesha abashushisi kumaphondo abo), aphantsi kancinci kurhulumente ophakathi, kulula kakhulu ukugcina yonke into elawulwayo, ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuvukela.

Olu hlobo lombuso - ngasese, nangona kunjalo, ifom, lubonakala kumazwe amaninzi amakhulu ehlabathi lethu.

Ihlabathi lethu eliyinkimbinkimbi liyasebenza ...

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abalawuli baqala ukwahlula baze balawule ukususela kwithuba apho ilizwe lizalwe khona, kwaye le nto ibonakala kuyo yonke imimandla yehlabathi lethu. Omnye unokuthetha ngokuzithemba ngokupheleleyo ukuba eli qhinga liyinqobo yezopolitiko, ezentlalo kunye nezengqondo, ngenxa yokuba asikho nje kuphela iindawo ezinkulu kunye nobukhosi behlabathi lethu elikhoyo, kodwa nokuhlakulela. Umgaqo othi "Ukwahlula kunye nokuwunqoba" kubonakala ngokucacileyo kwiintlanga apho kukho iintsapho ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu ezikhuphisanayo, ininzi yoluntu, elowo eneembali kunye nezithethe.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu kukuba abathathi-nxaxheba ngokwabo bavumelana nalo mazwi. Ekubeni bonke bephantsi kweendlela eziphakamileyo zodwa, akukho mntu unokuba yinto ephambili kunye neyona nto ibhetele kulo mzabalazo ongapheliyo. Kwaye ngexesha elifanayo, amandla "jikelele" ngokwabo anqoba - abantu kunye nabameli boorhulumente basekhaya abanakuze bavukele. Baxakeke kakhulu bebonakalisa ukubaluleka komnye kunye nokubaluleka komnye.

Tshekisisa ngakumbi kwilizwe ngalinye, imimandla yalo kunye nezithili - kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo uya kufumana kulo lonke le nkcubeko ekwahlukileyo apho kukho ukumkani olawula ngokuhlakanipha.