Izifundo yolwaphulo mthetho yolwaphulo: ingqiqo, iintlobo, iimpawu. isifundo Special zolwaphulo mthetho yolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokubaluleka kwayo. Le into isifundo lolwaphulo-mthetho lolwaphulo

Ulwaphulo - isenzo esiyingozi ekuhlaleni - enziwa ngabantu abathile. Kwimeko nganye, bafumana iimpawu zomntu othile phakathi kwazo iimpawu ngumdlwenguli. Ingcamango ulwaphulo-mthetho phantsi komthetho lolwaphulo-Russia idibanisa iimpawu ezininzi wendlela umntu wenza ityala. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha.

Izifundo ze -mthetho; kombono kunye neempawu

umthetho Criminal ngokuqulunqa iimpawu ezithile ukuba umntu ukuchaza ukuba uxanduva. wobubi umthetho lolwaphulo-i-Russian Federation yenye iindidi eziphambili. It is a entsokothileyo iimpawu. Xa kungekho nayiphi na ikhonkco kwinkqubo lomntu kuba naluxanduva. Ingxaki isifundo lolwaphulo-mthetho mthetho kwi langoku inqanaba lophuhliso imfundiso zomthetho ezinxulumene ukusekwa umntu zokuphila ephakanyiswe umrhanelwa. Nangona kunjalo, oku nje kuphela into enxulumene kunye nobunzima.

Le into isifundo lolwaphulo-mthetho lolwaphulo

Kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye kwisenzo iinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili langoku. Bona isenza into kunye mxholo ulwaphulo-mthetho. Xa umthetho mthetho, lungiselelo kuthathwa ukuba inyanzelekile kubo bonke abasebenzi. Enye inxalenye ichaza into apho ulwaphulo-mthetho uzinikele. Umzekelo, ingaba impilo, impahla, impilo, ekunene. Inxalenye yesibini lijongana nomntu onoxanduva senzo. Kuba lilo, umzekelo, imiqathango efana ubukho kunye nohlobo nenjongo. Wobubi umthetho lolwaphulo-i-Russian Federation kukuba ngamnye. Ngokutsho Art. 5 of the Code Criminal, akunakwenzeka ukutshutshisa umbutho (iqumrhu elisemthethweni), isilwanyana, into ezingaphiliyo. Lo mthetho ubophelela uxanduva kwamandla ungummi, umenzi wobubi, abazi izenzo zabo, ukuba azilawule. Ezi mpawu amadoda kuphela. Kwimeko notshutshiso amaqumrhu asemthethweni phantsi iinjongo Code yoLwaphulo isohlwayo (ukunqanda izenzo ezintsha nokulungisa la ilahla) enokubanqabela. Oku kubangelwa yinto enye, oko sikuko yokuba nezohlwayo zolwaphulo zenzelwe ukuba nempembelelo kuphela abantu.

Ukukwazi ukuqaphela izenzo

Ingcamango isifundo lolwaphulo-mthetho lolwaphulo izalana ngokusondeleyo umthamo. Ukukwazi ukuqonda izenzo zabo yaye ulawule ukuba zivele umntu ngengqondo oluqhelekileyo ayikho kwasekuzalweni. Iminyaka yobudala ngokupheleleyo of acquisition - engama-16. Ngelo xesha, umntu sele unawo amava criteria Outlook kwaye kwasekwa iimbono. Kwiminyaka eli-16, kukho ukukwazi ukuqonda uhlobo izenzo zabo zokuziphatha ngokwemiqathango yokusebenziseka kwabanye. Umxholo ulwaphulo-mthetho, oko, ukhonza umntu owenza isenzo ukuba kubekho isoyikiso eluntwini, kwaye, ngokomthetho, kuba noxanduva yona.

isenzo Criminal

Usebenza kubemi, amazwe kunye nabantu ngaphandle ngummi. abameli bozakuzo kunye namanye amaziko wasinika kunye nezifo xa benza nolwaphulo-mthetho kummandla Russia ziya kuthwala uxanduva ngokungqinelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. Le meko enikezwe Art. iiyure ezili-11. 4 CC. Ubukho sifo ukusuka kotshutshiso, ngokungqinelana nomthetho lwasekhaya ayitsho ukuba xa besaphula izithethe, abantu abanjalo akayi basebenze njengabagunyaziswa ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ngomthetho mthetho, kuvumelekile kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukuxolelwa kubutyala izizathu non-nokuvuselela.

criteria

Iimpawu ze umenzi wobubi umthetho lolwaphulo oku kulandelayo:

1. Ukuphumeza kweminyaka ethile.
2. Ngamnye.
3. Engqondweni.

Ezi nqobo zithathwa kubalulekile. Ukuba unesinye isifundo lulwaphulo-mthetho Russian mthetho. Ukongeza iinqobo ezisisiseko, ekwanti kunye yokuzikhethela. Zinelungelo isifundo ekhethekileyo ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ngomthetho mthetho ukulungiselela abantu, badla isohlwayo esiqatha ngakumbi.

yobudala

Abemi lolutsha ngeke isebenze ngabalawulwa ulwaphulo-mthetho. Kumthetho mthetho, isiseko lokumisela yobudala apho umntu libe netyala, kukho kwinqanaba minor lokuqonda. Kweminyaka ukuze bazazi ngokwaneleyo izenzo zabo ukulawula ukuziphatha kwakhe. indlela Criminal enomahluko eqhuba ngayo kuzo umbuzo emisela ubudala kwi apho abemi inxaxheba njengezifundo ze ulwaphulo-mthetho. Umthetho lolwaphulo-mthetho, kuba uninzi izenzo afakwe uxanduva ngokupheleleyo iminyaka eli-16. Nangona kunjalo, i-Code inika eziliqela amanqaku apho ubudala uvikivwa ukuya kwiminyaka eli-14. Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, kubandakanya le nto. 105 (ukubulala), Art. 131 (ukudlwengula), st.205 (ubugrogrisi), kunye nabanye (a zizonke amanqaku 20). Zonke ezi zenzo zithathwa ngabom. Ukunciphisa yobudala kubangelwa ingozi eneemfuno ezizodwa zezi zenzo zolwaphulo.

ngaphandle

Njengoko ibonakalisa mgaqo zobuntu kunye nobulungisa sixhasa izinga apho kubantwana ufikelele kwiminyaka yobudala ekhankanywe apha ngasentla, kodwa luphawulwa ongekenziwa iqola ingqondo (asibangwa disorder ngengqondo), akuvumelekanga ukuba abe ngomnye njenge ngumdlwenguli. Ngomthetho mthetho, imfuno isicelo izohlwayo umoni bakhonza ubuchule bakhe ukuba baziqonde izimo zabo siphathe kubo. Kwimeko ngasentla, ngenxa ukuqhwalela kuphuhliso umntu akanawo amandla ngexesha ekwenzeni isenzo.

abadala

Kwezinye iimeko, akhonze kuphela ezo zifundo ze-mthetho. Ngomthetho kulwaphulo-mthetho, engama-18 ngemvelo ezizodwa izenzo ezinxulumene. Ukuba ungenza kuphela abo baye bafikelela kwiminyaka eli-18. Xa izenzo ezinjalo, umzekelo, zibandakanya ukubandakanyeka umntwana kwizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho okanye ezinye kuhlala, kunye nokuphetshwa inkonzo emkhosini njalo njalo.

ukwengeza

Ezinye zililo ingqamana ubudala nangaphezulu. Umzekelo, lokwenza isigqibo uyazi mthethweni okanye esinye isenzo unokohlwaywa ngumgwebi kuphela. Oko kukuthi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, lo mntu kufuneka afikelele kwiminyaka engama-25 ubuncinane. imida Higher mava oogqirha, iinqanawa. Ngoko ke, lo ubudala ungahlula iintlobo ezikhoyo ulwaphulo-mthetho. Xa umthetho lolwaphulo-mthetho kuzo zonke zililo luphawulwa iikhrayitheriya ezingundoqo. iimpawu ezongeziweyo ukuvumela ukuba kulwabiwo ezinye zeziganeko ehlelo eyahlukileyo. Ibizwa ngokuba ezizodwa.

ubudala ukusekwa

Xa njengengcaciso kuyimfuneko ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo inani, unyaka kunye nenyanga yokuzalwa. Kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo, ubuchwepheshe ezisetyenzisiweyo. Elivisayo uyavuma ufikelele kwiminyaka yobudala efanelekileyo, ngokungqinelana ne ngokokubona nengcali ubuncinane inani leminyaka. Ukuba umhla wokuzalwa kwakhe ayaziwa, ubalo luqala ukususela kusuku emva komhla esemthethweni wokuzalwa. Ukuba iingcali ziya kubizwa ukuba unyaka kuphela, wokuzalwa iya kuba lusuku lokugqibela kulo nyaka.

ingqondo

Le yenye njengenqobo kuyimfuneko, ekufuneka umdlwenguli. Xa umthetho lolwaphulo-i-Russian Federation ukuba ohlwaywe ungakwazi kuphela umntu esinengqondo izenzo zabo. unyango ezinyanzelekileyo isicelo abemi kukungakhathali. Oku akuthathwa isohlwayo. Ingqondo kuthiwa imeko yengqondo apho umntu ngethuba ekwenzeni isenzo uyakwazi ukuqonda uhlobo izinto nokulawula. Oku ukuba nje ulwazi, kodwa kwakhona amaxabiso zentlalo kunye nezenzo abenza sikhokelwa ngazo. Kuyinto ayinikiwe kuphela zempilo yengqondo kunye nabantu ngokupheleleyo ngengqondo.

criteria Medical nezomthetho

Asetyenziswe ngayo umthetho lolwaphulo ukuchaza engqondweni. bemfuno Legal uzimisele yinkundla. UMkhomishinala for ukuqwalaselwa umzimba ityala lolwaphulo oluvavanya mntu wenza isenzo, njengoko nokungakwazi ukuqonda uhlobo izenzo zokuziphatha ukuqondisa kubo. Ngokutsho khrayitheriya yezonyango izizathu le meko. Njengoko, ingakumbi, aba buhlungu engqondweni, ukubambezeleka yophuhliso. Ngelo xesha, asizizo zonke waphula isaziwa njengophawu engqondweni. Ngaba kuthathelwa ingqalelo kuphela abo benza isenzo esingafanelekanga siye sathintela umntu wakuqonda ukuziphatha yabo. Umzekelo, umoni wabonisa iimpawu ukukhubazeka engqondweni, yeqonga yokudodobala ezolileyo. Ngokutsho kweengcali, esi sifo akukhethi amathuba kubemi ukuba ukuqonda ingozi izenzo zakhe kunye nokukwazi ukuba babakhokele. Ngokusekelwe ngokoluvo leengcali, inkundla ivumela iqumrhu elijongene.

isifundo okhethekileyo yolwaphulo-mthetho lolwaphulo

Kunye eyiyo engqondweni kunye nobudala liability wobubi inokuba njengoko kwathiwa ngasentla, iimpawu ezongezelelweyo. Baya lingakhankanywa emyalelweni okanye ilungelo sisusela izithethe. Ezi mpawu ukunciphisa uluhlu lweentlobo ezikhoyo ezinokuthi kubandakanyeka-mthetho ezithile. criteria Ezo ngaphandle kwenkululeko iimfuno jikelele. Bona luphawulwa ngeempawu ezahlukeneyo ummi.

sebhithi ezaqanjwa

Lo mthetho uqulunqe uxanduva akhethekileyo ngokubhekiselele izenzo ezithile. Oku kungenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Kwindawo yokuqala, kuphela izifundo ezithile ukwenza izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezithile ngokwenene. A Inani izenzo ukufikelela kwinqanaba ingozi eluntwini, ebangela imfuneko yokusebenzisa isohlwayo esiqatha, bathinjelwe kuphela xa phandle umntu lowo iikhrayitheriya ezithile. Umzekelo, isicengo ungafumana, kwaye esemthethweni. Kodwa kuvela ingozi yoluntu kuphela xa abatyholwayo umsebenzi sihlume arhente ukususela ukuziphatha okunjalo destabilizes eqhelekileyo yokusebenza ubume amandla.

Indima iimpawu

ixabiso Legal zesifundo lolwaphulo-mthetho yolwaphulomthetho kwandiswa kunye nenqubo. Indima ye-common (common tasks for zonke nemixube) kunye neempawu ezizodwa ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko, xa kungekho ubuncinane enye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo lolwaphulo-mthetho leyo ayakhekanga. Le meko yahlukile kunye iinqobo ezongezelelweyo. Ukuba iipropati zingaqhagamshelwanga kutyhilwa isifundo esikhethekileyo, kwezinye iimeko, nobutyala azibandakanywanga ngokupheleleyo, kwabanye - kuphela kwesiqinisekiso kolu lwaphulo-mthetho.

Ukwahlukanisa iinqobo ezongezelelweyo

iimpawu ezizodwa ezahlulwe sisithuba izizathu ezifana:

1. Gender.
2. Ubuzwe (ummi, uhlanga, umntu lizwe).
3. isimo emtshatweni (abantwana, abazali okanye abantu kufakwe kuzo).
4. Isimo ukuya emkhosini.
5. isimo uYobhi.
6. imisebenzi Professional.
7. Imeko ekhethekileyo enxulumene ikhomishini ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho (unetyala lolwaphulo-mthetho kakhulu, lwezigwebo zangaphambili, recidivist, omkhonzayo gama eluvalelweni).
8. Uhlobo lomsebenzi owenziwa (ilungu lekomiti lonyulo, umsebenzi umsebenzi wakhe kuza kulwazi okumisele imfihlelo karhulumente, umthengisi).

Uphuhliso umthetho lolwaphulo ibisoloko lukhatshwe nokuyinto okuthe ukwandisa inani koololiwe kunye neenqobo ezikhoyo ezizodwa. YeKhowudi ekhoyo malunga ne-40% kula manqaku. Inxalenye ekhethekileyo 2 iqulathe intloko apho le nkqubo ikhoyo imigangatho efanelekileyo. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, kuquka mthetho olujoliswe igunya likarhulumente, iimfuno zenkonzo yoluntu kunye imisebenzi namagunya asekuhlaleni, lo emkhosini.