Ubuchwepheshe computer Hardware: inkcazelo, inkcazo kunye neendidi

iikhompyutha Modern ukuze lusebenze kunye nokusebenza ngokuchanekileyo usebenzisa i hardware kunye software izinto ezihambelanayo kakhulu nangokucacileyo ukusebenzisana kumacala ahlukeneyo. Ngoku uthinte kuqwalaselwa yentsimbi, kuba ekuqaleni bona babe ngabantu abakwizihlalo lawula ekuboneleleni yokusebenza yayo nayiphi na ikhompyutha okanye inkqubo mobile.

iinkqubo zekhompyutha: zokuhlela jikelele

Ngoko ke, yintoni ojongene nayo? Enyanisweni, iintsimbi ezinzima eqhelekileyo kumntu wonke. Enyanisweni, abasebenzisi abaninzi zibhekisela kuwo ikhompyutha "intsimbi". Eneneni, iintsimbi - oku "intsimbi" endaweni macandelo software le nayiphi na inkqubo yekhompyutha. Ngendlela elula yokuhlelwa, ukuba yahlulwe bangaphakathi kunye nabangaphandle.

Kwakhona kule candelo, kukho iklasi ezintathu ezinkulu kakhulu onenjongo kwezixhobo:

• i isixhobo sokufaka iinkcukacha;
• isixhobo output;
• idivayisi yokugcina.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ngokwahlukeneyo yaye izinto eziphambili yeenkqubo zekhompyutha efana motherboard, CPU, njalo njalo. E., ezingaqukwanga nayiphi na kwiiklasi ngasentla kwaye yinto efunekayo esisiseko, ngaphandle ekungabangakho namnye computer ngeke isebenze.

izinto Basic computer

Ichaza hardware nayiphi na ikhompyutha kufuneka uqale nkalo ibalulekileyo - le motherboard, apho onke amacandelo lwangaphakathi. Kwaye ngokusebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo izihlanganisi kunye kwiindawo zokubeka ukuqhagamshela izixhobo zangaphandle.

Namhlanje kukho iintlobo ezininzi "motherboards 'kunye nabenzi babo. Noko ke, amakhadi enjalo desktops kunye laptops, kokubini uhlobo kunye nelungiselelo eziqalelo ngamnye ungahluka. Noko ke, eli isicelo sabo kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha akawatshintshi.

Owesibini obaluleke kakhulu - iyunithi yokusebenza engundoqo, nenoxanduva yokusebenza. Enye yezona iinkalo ziphambili ke amaza iwotshi, ochazwa mega- kunye gigahertz, okanye ngaphezulu nje, imali leyo ebonisa ukuba imisebenzi emininzi eziziziqalelo unako ukuvelisa iprosesa ngomzuzwana. Predictably, isantya nto yimbi ngaphandle lulwahlulo inani imisebenzi kwimijikelo olufunekayo ukuze uphumezo (ukubala) of unit operation omnye.

kwimpahla yentsimbi ye computer Kunzima ukucinga ngaphandle imicu RAM kunye hard enxulumene kumacebo okugcina. Phezu kwabo kuya kuboniswana kamva.

Software kunye hardware

Xa iikhompyutha mihla zisetyenziswa kunye izixhobo hybrid, ezifana ROM okanye iCMOs imemori non-eguqukayo nto leyo isisiseko kwenkqubo basic igalelo / imveliso, ebizwa BIOS.

Yeyona "intsimbi" Chip, sajika saba phezu motherboard kuphela. It has firmware yaso, nto leyo evumela kuphela ukugcina data eguquguqukayo, kodwa ukuvavanya izakhi lwangaphakathi, kunye peripherals xa icinyiwe i-computer. Mhlawumbi, abanini ezininzi iiPC zokubhala phawula ukuba lo mzuzu xa okuhambisa inkqubo uphawu oluvakalayo. Oko nje ubonisa ukuba uvavanyo isixhobo iyaphumelela.

input data kuthetha

Ngoku cinga izixhobo igalelo. Okwangoku eentlobo zabo Ungabala kakhulu kakhulu, kwaye ukugweba luphuhliso-IT-technologies, kungekudala baya kuba nangakumbi. Noko ke, le engundoqo kolu luhlu kucingwa ukuba iya kuba yile ilandelayo:

• keyboard;
• mouse (iguqule laptop);
• a ze desktop yakho;
• ngekhamera yedijithali;
• microphone;
• scanner yangaphandle.

Nganye kwezi zixhobo ikuvumela ukuba ufake iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ulwazi. Umzekelo, usebenzisa isithwebuli zenyuse eveliswe camera - umfanekiso ividiyo ikhibhodi - .. Text, njl Noko ke, mouse, iminwe, yaye ukongezelela zonke nabaqondisi nazo (ezandleni).

Njengoko for the keyboard, ukulawula imisebenzi isebenzisa ngokusebenzisa amaqhosha okanye zombini. Kuyenzeka ukufumana nofikelelo neempawu ezithile, iinketho nemiyalo yokusebenza iinkqubo okanye ezinye software.

ulwazi output kuthetha

Hardware akunakwenzeka ukuba nomfanekiso ngaphandle izixhobo kwimveliso. Umgangatho iqulathe uluhlu kulandelayo:

• iliso;
• printer;
• iyelenqe;
• isandi kunye nenkqubo ividiyo;
• wokudlala yemultimedia.

Kukho a basic computer monitor okanye kwi laptop yakho screen. Kucacile enyanisweni ukuba ubuchule mihla yentsebenziswano yomsebenzisi iinkqubo into ebomini ngenxa imbonakalo-mfanekiso yeprogram elungele umsebenzisi, nangona kule meko isebenza ngokufanayo iinkqubo apho Kucingelwa imiyalelo igalelo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, umsebenzisi kufanele kubona oko ebekwe kwiskrini.

Ezinye izinto, kuyanqweneleka, nangona efunekayo (kakuhle, ngaphandle ukuba ikhadi yemizobo, ngaphandle apho iinkqubo zale mihla ukuba ayisebenzi).

Storage Media

Ekugqibeleni, omnye iiklasi zibalulekileyo kunye - izixhobo zokugcina. phambi kwabo, nokuba amacandelo eendaba yangaphakathi okanye yangaphandle, kuyimfuneko. Le iklasi iquka iintlobo zilandelayo:

• indawo yediskhi hard disk (HDD);
• RAM;
• imemori;
• drives yangaphandle (floppy disks, enombala disks, kwi-USB-isixhobo).

Ngamanye amaxesha apha ziquka inkqubo BIOS ka iCMOs-RAM, Noko ke, njengoko sele kutshiwo ngasentla, oko kunokuba isixhobo hybrid, leyo kunganxulunyaniswa ngokulinganayo ndidi ezahlukeneyo.

Kakade ke, eyona ndawo ibalulekileyo kuhlala nzima drives ne "RAM". indawo yediskhi esekhompyutheni - oko kuthetha ulwazi yentsimbi (ngakumbi ngqo, yokugcina yayo kuthetha), kuba igcinwa ngokusisigxina, yaye RAM - okwethutyana (xa bekuqalwa okanye iinkqubo zokusebenza, ukukopisha isiqulatho kwi eqhotyoshwayo , njl ...).

Xa uvula ehlabathini ukukhunjulwa esusa ngokuzenzekelayo ikhompyutha, kodwa akayi kude ulwazi kwi-hard drive. Enyanisweni, ngoku zikhuphisana-hard drive kunye namajelo eendaba asuswayo ezifana aphezulu-umthamo USB-izixhobo, kodwa floppy kwaye drives ezamehlo uye zisabonakala ukuba kuphela ngenxa yokuba umthamo wabo encinane kunye kungenzeka umonakalo emzimbeni.

izixhobo zonxibelelwano

iklasi ungayikhetha, nangona kwihlabathi mihla kwaye ethandwa kakhulu, ungafowunela kunye nezixhobo, noxanduva lokuqhagamshelana phakathi iiterminal computer ezifakelwe ngqo okanye networks (okanye kwinqanaba release internet). Kunokuthi uyazimela iingcinga eziphambili zezi:

• amaqhoshana inethiwekhi;
• imizila (imodem, imizila, njalo njalo. d.).

Njengoko kucacile, ukwenza ngaphandle kwabo lombutho networks (esisigxina okanye yenyani), lo gama ukubonelela ukufikelela kwi-World Wide Web. Kodwa bambalwa abantu namhlanje siyazi ukuba iikhompyutha ezimbini, umzekelo, ibe eziqhagamshelene iintambo ngqo, njengoko kwenziwa kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini eyadlulayo. Kakade ke, oku into engenakwenzeka, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukulibala malunga ithuba akwenziwanga senze oko, ingakumbi xa ufuna ukukhuphela ulwazi oluninzi, yaye yenethiwekhi ofanelekileyo ayikho ngesandla.

izixhobo zokhuseleko nokhuselo data

Ngoku, kodwa olunye uhlobo yesixhobo. Le mveliso hardware ukhuseleko, ezibandakanya, umzekelo, "intsimbi" firewalls, ekwabizwa ngokuba firewalls (firewall evela IsiNgesi - "ludonga lomlilo").

Ngandlel 'namhlanje, abasebenzisi abaninzi baqhele, ukuba firewall (aka firewall) yeyona imveliso software kuphela. Oku akunjalo. Xa networking kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko zokusetyenziswa amasebe asiyonto kuyanqweneleka, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha oko kuyimfuneko. Ndiyavuma, kuba inxalenye isoftware akusoloko ukumelana iimpawu zabo kwaye akakwazi ukuphendula kwangexesha ukuze angenelele kumsebenzi evela ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi, singasathethi ukufikelela kulwazi oluyimfihlo egcinwe kwikhompyutha hard drive okanye iiseva.

Ukusebenzisana software ne-hardware

Ngoko ke, lo yentsimbi, siya ngokufutshane kwakhona. Ngoku amagama ambalwa malunga nendlela ukuba basebenzisane software.

Uyavuma, iinkqubo zokusebenza ezenza ukuba kufikelelwe umsebenzisi ku computing izakhono PC yakho, kufuneka iimfuno zabo. "Cacis" Modern iingxande izibonelelo ezininzi kangangokuba iziqhubekisi akudala musa ube namandla computing ngokwaneleyo, okanye ukungabi zisebenze nje akayi kuba anenani elifunekayo RAM. Oku, ngengozi, sisebenza ngokulinganayo kwaye kwizicelo software mihla. Kakade ke, asiyiyo umzekelo kuphela loo ntsebenziswano.

isiphelo

Okokugqibela kubalulekile kuthi ukuba inxalenye yentsimbi ye computer mihla yayigqalwa kakhulu elifutshane, nangona kunjalo, ukuba bafikelele kwizigqibo malunga iimpawu inkqubo yokuhlela kunokuba. Kwakhona, kufuneka uqaphele ukuba ubuchwepheshe bee-computer iphuhlisa, kodwa Kwakhona yokuba izixhobo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo kukho ezininzi (thatha ntloko yenyani). Kodwa kwesa uqwalaselo esisiseko, kule meko ibonisa yeendima ezibalulekileyo, ngaphandle apho akunakwenzeka namhlanje ubukho nayiphi na inkqubo yekhompyutha. Noko ke, apha, ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo, siye na ziqwalaselwe iifowuni, ngenxa yokuba icebo yohlukile kancinci ukusuka computer, nangona kukho bekuthi esifana ngazo.