Izifundo komthetho Private ngamazwe.

Kwinzululwazi mihla Russian kwaye Western ayisekho kusekho impendulo ecacileyo kwaye kwacaca ukuba lo mbuzo, yintoni na izifundo zabucala umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe (MPP). Ukongeza yokungabikho kwengcaciso ngqo kwekota, kukho kwakhona indlela eqhelekileyo kubume kunye nokwahlulwa kolu luvo ezintsonkothileyo kwaye multi-candelo. Oku kubangelwa kukuba umthetho abucala amazwe ngamazwe sele ikho ukususela kwinkulungwane XIX yaye ukususela ngoko uye utshintsho ezininzi utshintshwano, kwaye elidlulileyo osisityebi nembali.

Ukuveliswa gama ngokufanelekileyo abele ijaji United States Ephakamileyo kwiNkundla, uNjingalwazi eHarvard Dzh.Stori, owayehlala kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XIX kwaye emandiyenze uMthetho International Private. Ngaloo mihla, xa i-US eli gama lisetyenziswa kunye nenye ingcamango elide-akhoyo "ungquzulwano lwemithetho". Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX, eli gama liye izakususwa kileyo American kwaye kumazwe Old yeHlabathi. Noko ke, ngo School aseYurophu ingqiqo eyatolikwa noko eyahlukileyo: njengoko iseti imithetho impixano, enxulumene ubukho ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu States ezahlukeneyo, yaye kunokwenzeka xa kukho uhlobo olwahlukileyo abantu ubudlelwane ziquka element ekuthiwa-kwamanye amazwe. Loo utoliko ingqikelelo lweentetho komthetho abucala amazwe ngamazwe ugcinwe kwinzululwazi yaseYurophu unanamhla.

oosonzululwazi American R.Deyvis kunye M.Garrison ingqalelo imiqathango "ungquzulwano imithetho" kunye "nomthetho abucala amazwe ngamazwe" ezinxulumene kwaye efana kakhulu kwindalo. Zombini ezi ngcamango, ngenxa yabo, ibandakanya isethi norms zomthetho ezifanelekileyo yokujongana nemiba efana wecandelo elijongene intsebenziswano interethnic, ezifana inkundla ukuba iLizwe, ekufuneka ukusombulula imbambano yomthetho amalungelo karhulumente, ekufuneka ibe kulo mzekelo kusebenza.

Kwilizwe lethu izifundo,, umthetho abucala amazwe ngamazwe ukho kwinkulungwane XIX. A igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso kulo mmandla nomthetho savelisa sisazinzulu abanetalente Russian FF Martens. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX, wapapasha umsebenzi wakhe ebalaseleyo "Umthetho Modern lwezizwe ngezizwe ephucukile." Oku nakanjani ezintsha ukuvelela kakhulu ngexesha layo, le ncwadi eziqulathwe yonke i icandelo sungula ku umthetho abucala amazwe ngamazwe. Martens wakhetha iimpawu ezimbini ezibalulekileyo MCHP: iyafika civil elementi engatshintshiyo ngamazwe.

Njengoko ekuthiwa- ubudlelwane iqumrhu kusenokuba, umzekelo, nawuphi na umntu, ilifa ubumi belinye ilizwe (a wesizwe, imbacu langaphandle, umntu abangenambuso, bamazwe mbini), iziko langaphandle, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemiyalelo kukarhulumente kunye nemibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente, kunye lizwe, kuzise lonke angaphandle.

Kwezinye iimeko, isebe komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ujamelene neemeko ezinjalo, xa iziko elisemthethweni iqhele amazwe. Oku kungenzeka, umzekelo, ilifa lokwenene, perehodimoe ilifa, nto leyo amazwe. Indlela ukuya ngalo mzekelo ngokwembono osemthethweni luxhomekeke, Kakade ke, apho abameli mazwe mabini inxaxheba kulo mba. Kodwa indima yolawulo kulo mzekelo edlalwe yi imithetho komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe abucala, oko kunceda ukusombulula iingxaki kwinqanaba eliphezulu ngokwemiqathango nolwazi esemthethweni.

Kakhulu qho iimeko apho enye okanye enye into yomthetho okanye ubudlelwane ngokusemthethweni asemthethweni ukuba ayikho kummandla kaRhulumente ngawo, nangaphaya. Ngokomzekelo, umntu okowabo Russia, ngoxa kwamanye amazwe, ebandakanyekileyo uhambo yezothutho ezindleleni yaye ekugqibeleni wafumana naziphi na iingozi. Eli tyala nje umfanekiso ogqibeleleyo kwingingqi ebandakanya zomthetho kunye nokuphonononga njani isicelo izifundo zenzululwazi kumthetho abucala amazwe ngamazwe.