Indlela yokwenza umbhalo kumsebenzi kwikhosi

Bonke abafundi bazi ukuba kudlule umsebenzi lwenzululwazi ukukhangela kufuneka utitshala abe ngokungqinelana yonke imithetho yokubhala. Noko ke, nanku umbuzo, ukulungiselela indlela umbhalo kumsebenzi khosi. Ngayo ngoku yaye ndifuna ukumxelela.

imiqulu

Into yokuqala ethi kukuba xa kwavela umbuzo ngokuphathelele ukubhaliswa ikhosi yomsebenzi, kungcono ukubhekisela GOST standard 7.1-2003. Imela zonke iimfuno zobhaliso imisebenzi zenzululwazi ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ulwazi malunga oko kula maxwebhu kufuneka ibe footnotes. Noko ke, ngelishwa uninzi, kutyelelo akukho akukho ingcaciso ukuba indlela ukwenza yonke into. Olu xwebhu senzelwe ngakumbi kwithala ubhaliso bibliography.

Kodwa kuthekani umfundi ofuna ukuqonda ngokwakho, indlela yokwenza umbhalo isantya sonaniso? Yinto elula, kufuneka ufune uncedo abasebenzi kwisebe okanye athathe neemfuno zabo ukusuka ngumhlohli iqhotyoshelwe ngqo. Ekubeni ingcaciso epheleleyo malunga uyilo footnotes endlwini yabahambi akanayo, ingcali ngamnye unelungelo lokuba babeke iimfuno zabo zocwangciso kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo yomsebenzi yenzululwazi abafundi bayo.

Kutheni na oko?

Abantu abaninzi babe nomdla ulwazi malunga kutheni ufuna umbhalo kumsebenzi khosi kunabo uncedo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ngamnye umsebenzi ngamnye kufuneka hlawuleka lwesihloko yayo. Kakade ke, ungasebenzisa iintlobo iincwadi, kodwa undoqo yokubhala ibinzana - uhlalutyo yonke ingcaciso ayifumene, nokutyhilwa kwalo nokuzithoba ngamnye. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa i quote okanye ucole okubhaliweyo Ngaphandle kwezinye iincwadi, ngokuyimfuneko, ubhekisela kumthombo. Ukuba oku akwenziwa, umfundi ngokulula ndayifumana imangalelwe zokuveza, baze babone umsebenzi kuyekiswa. Kodwa ke kubi kakhulu ngaphezu korhwebo uphawu embi (nangona bekuya kuba lula ukulungisa kwexabiso) wawo coursework yabo.

iintlobo footnotes

Kufuneka wathi footnotes kumsebenzi izifundo kweentlobo ezimbini:

1. esemazantsi (ulwazi malunga kwemvelaphi locaphulo ithathwa kuwo, emazantsi ephepha, ngaphantsi okubhaliweyo ngokwayo).

2. Inline (umthombo weengcombolo kunikwa ngoko nangoko emva kokuba izicaphulo kwizibiyeli). Baye amanani amabini. Okokuqala, inani umthombo ulandelelwano kuluhlu reference, owesibini: iphepha umthombo, apho locaphulo ibekwe.

Ukuba akukho iimfuno ezizodwa, footnotes zikhutshwa ngayo nayiphi na kwezi ndlela. Nakuba kunjalo, izikolo ezininzi zikhetha esemazantsi lula ngakumbi esemgceni.

Option 1: Umbhalo

mhlawumbi Zonke wabubona kwi inguqulelo yokugqibela yeTshata ye esemazantsi. Kufuphi igama lokugqibela nekoteyishini phambi kuchaphulo olu kukho tsiferka encinane (umzekelo, 1). Ngoko, ekupheleni kwale sheet ngokuthi ukuthunga iileta omncinci kunikwa inkcazelo epheleleyo yintoni kanye umthombo ikowuteshini kuthathwa (igama umbhali, isihloko sencwadi, umpapashi, nonyaka), yaye zibonisa inani (okanye amanani) wephepha. Ukuze wenze ngokuzimeleyo ezi footnotes kuphela kufuneka ngobuchule usebenzise MS Word iimpawu. I algorithm ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- kwibar yesixhobo (ingabekwa phezulu kwe window zokusebenza) ukufumana i tab "Faka";

- kuqhubeka khona ukuze ufumane umba "amaNqaku kunye Links";

- ngesandla ukuseta nefomathi umbhalo osemazantsi, khetha elinamanani kwiphepha ngalinye (kule ngobuwena, osemazantsi ziza kubekwa ekupheleni kwephepha ngalinye kwi apho afumaneka).

Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka wathi ngenxa iinguqulelo ezidlulileyo "Ward" algorithm ezahlukeneyo kancinane:

- zonke kwi toolbar efanayo, kufuneka ufumane i-tab "Links";

- ukuqhubeka ukufumana apho umba "Notes";

- nqakraza kumba "Faka Umbhalo" kwaye ngenisa ulwazi malunga umthombo ngesandla.

bokuqonda ezibaluleke

Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuba footnotes kumsebenzi khosi zibekwe kuphela xa sibhalo ithathwa ngokupheleleyo kumthombo ngokwelizwi nelizwi. Ukuba ibhalwe locaphulo simahla, kodwa amazwi nangoku abolekiweyo, ubhaliso esemazantsi kolu guqulelo iya kuba bit eyahlukileyo. Kuya kuba yimfuneko phambi okubonisa umthombo yokubhala esi sivakalisi silandelayo: "Yabona. ngayo. " ie umbhali ubonisa ukuba iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe zifumaneka kumthombo othile.

Umzekelo: "Yabona. ngayo: ivanov II Imfundiso jikelele kuphuhliso ukuphila emhlabeni. M:. START_ITALICJ, 2000, p. 19 ".

Ngokufanayo, kuza kubakho iimbekiselo ezininzi apho sathathwa ngendlela efanayo kunye nokutolika ulwazi oluthiwe thaca kule wokulalela. Baya kwenziwa emva kokuba ibinzana enye,-umgca enye, ezahlulwe lokuma phakathi kwezivakalisi lisetyenziswe.

Option 2: Inline

Ngoko ke, ukuba eminye ubhaliso footnotes kumsebenzi khosi. Siye wathi ukuba kukho iindlela ezimbini. Iyafuna esithi kulula kakhulu ukuba footnotes ukubonisa esisemgceni ngaphezu kombhalo, kuba akuyomfuneko ukuba ukusebenzisa naziphi na iimpawu ezingaphezulu, yonke into yenziwe ngesandla. Kufuneka nje ukwazi ukuba kufuneka sibekwe kwizibiyeli ezisisikwere ngoko nangoko emva kokuba sicatshulwa ebhaliweyo (phambi kokuba ichaphaza ekupheleni komgca). Kubalulekile ukukhumbula imigibe emibini:

1. Okokuqala, umthombo kufuneka ibe igumbi ikhowuti ithathwa kuwo (ngokuvumelana noluhlu uncwadi) amanani emva semicolon.

2. Okulandelayo kufuneka ukhankanye iphepha. Ngokutsho iimfuno, phambi kokuba inani ingaba uphawu "a.", Kodwa mhlawumbi hayi. Ukuba quote ibhalwe kwiphepha eziliqela, kuyimfuneko ukuba ucacise.

Imizekelo links esemgceni

Kubalulekile kwakhona ukunika imizekelo footnotes kumsebenzi khosi. Ngoko ke, njani zikhangeleka:

1. [12; p.22];

2. [12; 22];

3. [12; a. 22-23];

4. [12; 22-23].

Zonke ezi ezahlukeneyo ukulunga zichanekile. Noko ke, kanye kwakhona ndifuna ukuba bakhumbuze ukuba zonke iinkcukacha zobhaliso esemazantsi kubhetele ukuba ukhankanye utitshala okanye lwabasebenzi beli Sebe, awuzukuba nayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye izikhalazo njalo.

Ubunzima kuyilo esemazantsi esemgceni

Ukuhlaziya ukusondela indlela umbhalo ekuhambeni kwalo msebenzi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukuze kubekho ezinye iingxaki. Eyokuqala kwezi kwenzeka xa inkqubo yobhaliso ye esemazantsi akukabikho uluhlu ukulungele ngokupheleleyo iimbekiselo. Ukuba uguqula inani lokugqibela kweminye imithombo ziya ngokuzenzekelayo kutshintshwa. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba umele utshintshe amanani kunye esemazantsi, kungenjalo ulwazi abunene. Ngoko ke, xa ubhala ilinge lokuqala (okanye inguqulelo ukusebenza kwale khosi) kwaye ukuba bazalise yobhaliso uluhlu iimbekiselo kwizibiyeli ezisisikwere kungcono ukuba ukhankanye inani lo mthombo kunye negama lombhali (it ngoko kulula kakhulu ukuba alungiswe).

imithetho ekhethekile

Emva kokufunda lonke vyshenapisannogo iinkcukacha, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ezilula ezimbalwa, kodwa imigaqo ebalulekileyo yokwenza umbhalo irandi:

1. Xa ufaka osemazantsi kufuneka athathe ingqalelo uhlobo sibhalo (itekisi ngokupheleleyo okanye eboleka nentsingiselo yalo).

2. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula malunga neemfuno zangaphakathi kweziko ubhaliso esemazantsi.

3. Ukwenza i esemazantsi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula imithetho ubhaliso seencwadi amanqaku, monographs kunye lokuqala-ngesandla, ukuba zahluke kancinane.

4. osemazantsi lula ukutshintsha (kuba nakungena ngokuzenzekela), kunokuba emgceni. Noko ke, uyilo, indlela yesibini khetho lula, kuba ayifuni naluphi na ulwazi MS Word iimpawu.

Siye ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha uyilo footnotes kule khosi, njengokuba ubona, akukho nto unzima okanye imilingo. Omnye kwakanye kuphela ukuzama ukwenza yonke into ngokwakho, kwaye uqiniseke ukuba akukho ubunzima ekulungiseleleni kungabikho babo.