Mthetho, State kunye nomthetho
Ukuziphatha mthethweni - it ... Kuphantsi kweziphi izizathu ezichaza ukuziphatha okungekho mthethweni
ukuziphatha mthethweni - ezi izenzo zabantu, ngenxa a apho ulwaphulo-mthetho lwenziwa. Kufuneka kubekho iimeko ezithile ziyafezekiswa. Oko kukuthi, mntu wazi ngokupheleleyo izenzo zabo, kodwa unako ukuyilawula kubo.
ukuziphatha mthethweni - nto nje naliphi na inyathelo mthethweni, kodwa yokungenzi. Yeyona kungekho nayiphi na intshukumo ukuba zimelwe kukuzaliseka.
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Kuyo nayiphi na kuluntu, lo mthetho bukhatshwa sisohlwayo, isenzeko eyingozi eluntwini. Emva kokuba yonke imisebenzi mthethweni Ayize nakanye umdla hayi nje urhulumente kodwa abemi balo. Sazi njani ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwalo mthetho okanye loo mntu isenzo? Kuba kukho iimpawu ukuziphatha mthethweni. Phakathi kwabo:
1. izenzo ezingekho mthethweni. Oku kuquka ezo iintshukumo zichasene umda lowu yokuziphatha obuqhelekileyo.
2. yokungenzi emthethweni. Le passivity kunye ukusilela ukwenza imisebenzi esemthethweni (ukulala emsebenzini wabasiki, lokubaleka ukuhlawula irhafu , njalo njalo. D.).
3. Ukophulwa komthetho equlathe nezithintelo zomthetho nezibophelelo.
4. Ubukho umonakalo. Olu phawu sigxininiswa zizo zonke ezo iziphumo ezibi ukuba kuwandisa ukuziphatha mthethweni. Le ukutshatyalaliswa iinqobo ezisemgangathweni kunye nenzuzo, kwakunye ukuphazamiseka yonxulumano noluntu. Yingozi yenye inkalo ebalulekileyo nayiphi na ukuziphatha mthethweni. Ngaphezu koko, lo monakalo yesimilo okanye eziphathekayo, zeziko, lobuqu okanye ngokwasemzimbeni. Ukongeza, umonakalo ezithathwa nje ezingephi okanye kakhulu, ezingasenakulungiswa okanye reparable, kwakunye enokulinganiswa okanye kulinganiswa. Ngamanye amaxesha into ixhomekeke amanyathelo angekho mthethweni, ingasebenzi amatyala. Oku konke oko kwenziwe ngenxa ukunyanzela majeure, yokuzikhusela , njalo njalo. D.
5. Ubukho bala nje umzuzwana isenzo ayinyani. Kuyinto injongo okanye ukungakhathali, ebonisa isimo sengqondo nangokwasengqondweni umntu yokuziphatha kwakhe mthethweni.
6. Ubukho ubudlelwane imbangela. Lo mqondiso uthi ukuba umonakalo kwenzeka kuphela kwenzeka emva kokuba ulwaphulo-mthetho.
Ukwahlukanisa ukuziphatha mthethweni
Kuxhomekeka apho kwinkalo kawonke wenza isenzo okungalunganga, bahlule zolwaphulo:
- kuqoqosho;
- kwimisebenzi yolawulo;
- kule ndawo yosapho kunye nendlu.
- ejoliswe ekuphumezeni injongo ethile;
- musa usebenze nawuphi na umsebenzi othile.
Ukophulwa ulawulo lomthetho banokuba kumanqanaba angafaniyo ingozi lwentlalo. Ngelo xesha linye luphawula ityala okanye yenze. Isabelo loMthetho uhlobo oluthile lolwaphulo-mthetho ixhomekeke kwindlela umonakalo ebalulekileyo bazisa ukuziphatha mthethweni.
Iinjongo zoMthetho mthetho
ukuziphatha ngokungekho mthethweni ingabhekiswa kwi buthathaka inkqubo karhulumente kunye nezentlalo, inkqubo ekhoyo yolawulo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobumnini. Injongo nokuziphatha ngokungekho mthethweni yaye babe amalungelo abemi ', kuquka impahla, yobuqu, abasebenzi, ezopolitiko, kunye nabanye.
ulwaphulo-mthetho
Xa eziphawula ukuziphatha mthethweni, ngokukodwa ethathwa ingozi yayo lwentlalo. Ngaloo ndlela zolwaphulo-mthetho ezithathwa ngokuba kokuba encinane okanye ngcathu, kakhulu okanye kuxhotyiwe.
Yamkelwa kwilizwe lethu, imithetho engundoqo yomthetho ngenxa yezenzo ezinjalo ezingekho mthethweni zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwala manyathelo ezininzi eziqatha yesinyanzelo karhulumente. Lonke uluhlu kwezohlwayo equlethwe kuMqulu Wemigaqo Criminal eRashiya. Kulo mzekelo, uluhlu ivaliwe. ingenziwa kuphela Naluphi na utshintsho kuluhlu kwamanyathelo anjalo ekulungisweni nezongezelelo kweKhowudi Criminal.
Uyawubona lo mntu unetyala lolwaphulo-mthetho unelungelo lokuba ityala lakhe lixoxwe. Le umzimba ubekwa kwaye yokuziphatha efanelekileyo mthethweni isohlwayo. Ijaji ilawulwa yi-Criminal Code, nto leyo iqulathe uluhlu olubanzi zonke izono. Uluhlu ukuba aliphelelanga kwaye ayikho phantsi kwayo nayiphi na ingcaciso ngokubanzi.
namacala zokuphatha
Bonke abo imisebenzi mthethweni, kodwa hayi kuqwalaselwa kwi-Code Criminal are misdemeanors. Bona ayibonwa njengemali yingozi ngokwentlalo, nangona abanye umonakalo eziphathekayo.
Olunye uhlobo enjalo matyala zolawulo. Bona luboniswa ngezenzo okanye yokungenzi umntu ngokwasemthethweni okanye yendalo. Kulo mzekelo, kuba ityala umthetho unika uxanduva lolawulo.
Izenzo ezinjalo kakubi ngurhulumente kunye ucwangco loluntu, ipropati, okusingqongileyo, amalungelo oluntu nenkululeko, kwakunye izithethe ezisekiweyo kunye nemigaqo yolawulo. Imizekelo enjalo mthethweni iseti yokuziphatha. Le ukuziphatha ngokunxaxha, yaye besaphula imowudi yothutho, kwaye ukungeniswa kade imbuyekezo yerhafu, njalo-njalo. D.
Ityala yolawulo esekwe izenzo zomthetho kunye Federal Code "Kwi Administrative mthetho." Kwezinye iimeko, izenzo ezinjalo ingqalelo ziinkundla okanye kulamlo lokugqibela okanye ulawulo ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ikakhulu amabango olawulo ezingeniswe ngamaqumrhu olugunyazisiweyo okanye abameli babo, ziphakathi apho ulawulo lomlilo, amasiko kunye nabanye abaninzi.
kwimeko oluleko
Malunga nale ukuziphatha mthethweni uyakwazi ukuthetha kwisithuba apho umqeshwa engafanelekanga yenza ofisi yakhe, ingqesho okanye imisebenzi zomkhosi, ngaphandle ngumqeshi kunye namaxwebhu lweshishini lwangaphakathi.
ityala oluleko njengoko nokuziphatha ngokungekho mthethweni - na absenteeism okanye umnqwazi awuqini ukusebenza, besaphula yokhuseleko yabasebenzi, njl Ngokwahlukileyo kule hlobo ulwaphulo-mthetho wenza ayikho kuluhlu alupheli ... Kwakhona, akukho namnye umthetho asiyiyo kwenkcazo 'kakubi kakhulu ".
Njengoko isohlwayo ngokuba umsebenzi emva kwexesha okanye nokuqhwalela wolawulo lwamashishini le iyibeke xa abasebenzi bayo inye penalty esibonelela Code Labour okanye izenzo asekuhlaleni lombutho.
umthetho Civil
Olu uhlobo olulodwa izenzo ezingekho mthethweni. Ukuqwalasela Code wayo Civil. Le izibophelelo eziqulathwe kule mvumelwano kunye ukubulawa omnye amaqela signatory cinga tort. Le lityala yoluntu. Uluhlu izenzo ezifana nazo ziquka sigqibo mthethweni kwi kokugqitywa intengiselwano, ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo umniniyo, nokunye. Uluhlu aliphelelanga lwamatyala ezinxulumene nazo zombini abantu ngokusemthethweni ekungekho ochazwa ngumthetho.
Ziziphi izohlwayo emiselweyo izono ezifanayo? Le imbuyekezo eziphathekayo yokuziphatha umonakalo, ukufunyanwa amalungelo kantu neemfanelo ngokubulawa contract, ngenkani ukuqokelelwa kwamatyala njalo-njalo. D.
Kukho ulawulo esisiseko, njengako apho uxanduva ngesigqitho umthetho civil ngabantu ongazanelisiyo okanye engafanelekanga kwenziwe izivumelwano eyamkelweyo ngaphambili. Kodwa yonke kubusa ngaphandle yayo enikezwe yi ngumthetho. Kwaye kwimeko amatyala umthetho wobukhaya. Umzekelo, umonakalo imbuyekezo ngumnini umthombo ingozi, nokuba isiphoso ekhoyo ye causer lomonakalo. Ngolo kukhululwa ngokupheleleyo kubutyala ukuba angabonisa ukuba ukuziphatha kwakhe sisiphumo amandla majeure yaye kungekho zinjongo.
umthetho obuphathekayo
Kwabo misdemeanors ziquka iimeko apho abasebenzi okanye abasebenzi yabangela umonakalo kumbutho wakho, inkampani okanye iziko. Kule meko, kubo ukwayo pravovosstanovitelnogo uhlobo kusetyenziswa. Le nokugcinwa yinxalenye umvuzo, imbuyekezo ngeendleko izinto ezonakeleyo, njalo njalo. N.
ephule ezingummiselo
zonke ezo ziquka, umzekelo, ngokungaphumeleli avele kwetyala, lo imibuzo umphandi, ukusilela wokukhutshwa ubungqina obusemzimbeni ngokuzithandela, njalo njalo. D. Njengoko ukwayo kusetyenziswa ngenkani actuator ehambisana ilungu elithile okanye igosa.
Kutheni abantu ukwaphula umthetho?
Inkampani lithathe amanyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abemi benze ngaphakathi kwemida endiyimiselwe imilinganiselo eyamkelekileyo kunye nemimiselo. Noko ke, nangona oku, abantu abaninzi benze izinto ezingekho mthethweni. Yini na ukuba baya kuba kuyo?
Xa ukuyilwa yehambo indima okungalunganga ebalulekileyo eyadlalwa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kwezentlalo. Ezi ziquka umthetho azanelanga yaye ubuthathaka zikarhulumente, umgangatho ophantsi wokuphila kunye kuphazamiseka zentlalo.
Ezifunekayo xa kukhuthazwa abanye abantu iba phithi ngempumelelo kwaye bafumane ingeniso enkulu owayeze izenzo ezingekho mthethweni. Ukongeza, ukuba umntu ithuba lokusebenzisa ngokukhululekileyo impahla karhulumente, ukuba beze ngokusemthethweni kule njongo ayinakwenzeka.
Omnye wonobangela zentlalo wokuziphatha mthethweni kufuneka kwamkelwa kwaye olungaka abantu zokuphawula. Kwezinye iimeko, abantu kwakhona kwaye kwakhona wenza ulwaphulo ngokunxulumene nokusebenza siseko isangqa eqhubekayo. Umthetho okungalunganga yokuqala ezenziwe ngabo ngengozi. isohlwayo Further bamlandela.
Emva koko indoda lokudumba ubusi entolongweni ulwalamano agaric enogonyamelo. Emva kokukhululwa kwakhe, waneengxaki lithathelwe lwentlalo. Umntu ngamnye ababexhonyiwe ileyibhile mthetho, nto leyo, libambisene kunye nobunzima asakhulayo ebomini, ngokulityhala kwakhona ukuba isenzo esibi mthethweni.
Ukwenziwa ezo meko zibonakala kwindlela anti-zentlalo, ezo zidalwe kwiintsapho kakuhle.
imfundo zomthetho kunye noncedo
On the First Channel kamabonakude Russian ngo-1974 ngaphandle kwinkqubo yezentlalo-kwezopolitiko "Indoda kunye noMthetho". Ukususela ngo-1996, nenkokeli yalo isigxina - unondaba Aleksey Pimanov. Le nkqubo yaphakamisa umxholo ekulweni ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye norhwaphilizo, amabali ulwaphulo sixelelwa. Le istudiyo wamema abezopolitiko kunye iintatheli, abameli ukuthotyelwa komthetho kunye nee-arhente zokhuseleko.
Ngenxa yale projekthi TV ezithandwayo zadalwa kwaye isebenza ngempumelelo iziko elisemthethweni kwegama elifanayo. HRC "Man and uMthetho" unalo uncedo abaqeqeshiweyo kakhulu zomthetho kwaye ulwela amalungelo abantu abancedwayo. Okwangoku ungafumana inkxaso kwangethuba nangokuchanekileyo ukuze kubunjwe kakuhle amaxwebhu omthetho. iingcali Center ukunceda abaxhasi zabo ukuthintela inani elikhulu iziphumo ezibi kwaye uphephe iingozi kunye ungquzulwano. I-Human Rights Centre "Indoda Umthetho" uthetha umntu abadinga iinkonzo zomthetho ze umgangatho ophezulu, amagqwetha abanamava kumatyala embambano nawolwaphulo-mthetho. Iingcali abafanelekayo basombulula iingxaki abaxumi 'kweli xesha lifutshane kangangoko kwaye ngempumelelo enkulu.
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