Isixeko saseLeningrad ngexesha leMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic

I-Leningrad ngexesha leMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic yathatha i-future of the Soviet city, esiza kubanjwa yimikhosi kaHitler. Unyawo lommangaleli aluzange lube lunyawo kulo mzi-abaLeningraders balungiselela ukulwa! Ngokumalunga nale nto, iinqununu ze- militia yesizwe zenziwe. Imikhosi yethu yathatha imfazwe engalingani - yawela empini yaza yafa ... Bafa, ubuncinci bayeke ukutshabalalisa intshaba. Into ephambili ukufumana ixesha kunye nokudala imigqa yokuzimela. Apha, emsebenzini wokwakha umda wokugqibela wokhuselo, malunga nesiqingatha sezigidi zabantu basebenze yonke imihla.

Izicwangciso zikaHitler

Ukukhutshwa kweLeningrad ngexesha leMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic kwahlala iintsuku ezingama-872 kunye neendleko eziphantse zigidi zabantu. Abanye ababhali beembali-mlando kwiminyaka emininzi bayazibuza ukuba kunokwenzeka yini ukuphelisa ukuhlaselwa kwesi sibetho. Kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ukufika kwisigqibo sokuba, ngokucacileyo, akukho. UHitler waxoshelwa kwaye wanxanxwa ukuba aqhekeze le ngqungquthela yeBaltic Fleet.

Abemi baseLeningrad bakholelwa ekunqobeni kwangaphambili kwaye benqaba ukushiya eso sixeko! Isixeko sichaza umthetho we-karate. Unokuthatha itram kwi-frontline. Wonke umntu ulungele ukulwa kuze kube sekupheleni!

Leningrad ngexesha leMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic

Ngosuku olushushu ilanga ngoSeptemba 8, 1941, esibhakabhakeni ngaphaya kweLeningrad, i-Junkers yaseJamani yavakala. Phantse iibhobho eziyi-6 000 esi sixeko. Ukusuka kwiiplani zehlile kunye namaphecana ngetekisi ehlekisayo - "Namhlanje sinokubhobhoza, kwaye ngomso uya kuzibungca." Ngaloo ndlela uqale izilingo zokuqala ... Izilingo, ehlabathini elingazange lisazi, izilingo apho kwakulula ukufa ngaphezu kokusinda.

Iindiza zahamba kakhulu kangangokuba imilapha emnyama emaphikweni aluhlaza ayebonakala ngokucacileyo. Injongo yeebhomu zaseJamani kwakuyiivenkile zokutya eBadaevka. Umlilo wawukhulu, ushukela olutyhukile luqhutyelwa emifuleni kwaye lukhutshwe emhlabathini. Izixhobo zomlilo ezingama-168 zazisetyenziselwa ukucima indlu yokugcina impahla. Kwiiyure ezintlanu, umzabalazo womlilo omkhulu. Ukutshisa ngamagumbi angama-40, okwakungama-3 000 eetoni zomgubo kunye ne-2.5,000 iitoni zeshukela. Ngomso ezitratweni zaseKiev, apho ukutya kwashiswa khona, iLeningraders yatsalwa. Umlilo kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla wavusa ukwesaba. Amashalofu kwiindawo zokutya ezithengiswayo. Iindlebe zazisasazeka phezu kwesi sixeko: "Indlala iya kufika kungekudala."

Okwangoku, kuye kwaqulunqwa ukuba ukutya okutshisiweyo kwakuhlala kuphela iintsuku ezimbalwa. Yayiphi imbangela yeloyiko elibi lokulamba? Izazi-mlando zixubusha malunga noku kube ngoku. Kucacile into into yokuba uLeningrad, njengalowo nawuphi na umzi omkhulu waseSoviet Union, wanikezelwa, njengoko besithi, ukusuka kumavili. Emva kokuwa entolongweni, wabuya waphulukana nayo yonke imirhobho ebalulekileyo . Ubuholi belizwe abuzange balindele ukuba iziganeko ziya kukhula ngokukhawuleza.

Isixeko sigcinwe! NgoSeptemba, ii-fascists zagqitywa ngokukhusela. Abahlaseli baseJamani banqumla imilalo kwaye kungekudala bafika eLadoga Ichibi. Umngcipheko we-blockade uvaliwe. Ukususela kulo mzuzu ukukhutshwa okukhulu kweLeningrad kwaqala.

Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin wathumela uGeorgia Zhukov kuLeningrad, njengoko imeko yayibaluleke kakhulu. AmaJamani avala loo mzi, ukuba nakubonwa ngaphambili babone indlu yabathinari. UZhukov uqokelela onke amashishini aze asuse abahamba ngeenqanawa. Kuthatha amawaka angama-50 amaqhawe, uxabela umkhosi. "Yima okanye ufe!" - imiyalelo jikelele.

Umsebenzi okhuselayo weLeningrad

Ungayifumana njani intshaba eLeningrad? Indlela yokucinga iRashiya ngaphandle kweLeningrad? Ukukhuselwa kweLeningrad ngexesha leMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic kwakucwangciswe kakuhle kwiimpawu zobunjineli. Endleleni eya eLeningrad umgca wokuzivikela waseLuga wawugcinwe kakuhle, okwakungama-175 km ubude kunye neekhilomitha ezili-12 ngokujula. Isakhiwo esizikhuselayo sakhiwe ngabemi baseLeningrad ngenyanga yokuqala emva kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe. Isixeko saseLeningrad ngexesha lemfazwe lixhomekeke kwiqabunga. Iinqununu zokukhusela emoyeni zenza konke ukukhusela iintshaba. Kule nto bancedwa ngamavolontiya angamawaka angama-60 avela kumaqela okhuselo-amadoda namabhinqa. Abakhuseli baqhuba umlilo oqinileyo, ngoko ke amaxhoba e-shelling angaphantsi koyedwa onokuyilindela.

Ngo-Agasti 1941, umkhosi waseJamani "uMntla" wandisa izixhobo zakhe zempi, uwamkele emzimbeni "Iziko". Ngoku umkhosi waseJamani, ufumana iLeningrad, wanikezelwa ngamathangi amatsha kunye nokuhlamba amabhomu. Ngosizo lwaloo mandla, i-fascists iyakwazi ukuphula umgca we-Luga defense kwaye ithathe imikhosi ekukhuseleni.

I-Hunger Pangs of Leningraders

NgoSeptemba, isixeko saqala ukuziva kungekho nto yokutya. Ngokwezinga lokusebenza, kwakunokwenzeka ukufumana i-500 g yesonka, ngesiseko-250 g.Abasebenzi nabantwana umyinge we-300 grams wezonka wamiselwa. Ngo-Oktobha, imeko yanda. Amakhadi enkohliso avela kwimarike. Babangela ukudideka ekunikezeni ukutya. Ngophakamiso loonobhala wokuqala weKomiti yeKomiti yeSixeko saseLeningrad, no-Andrei Zhdanov, kwenziwa isigqibo sokubhalisa kwakhona amakhadi okutya ngo-Oktobha. Oku kwakungekho nje ukutshintsha amanye amaphepha ephepha kunye nabanye, kodwa nokunciphisa isantya sezonkwa.

Ikhadi lomsebenzi lalihlobo lokuvuselela ubomi. Iqinisekisile ilungelo lokufumana isonka. Kodwa nangona esi siqhelo sasingasisindisi kwindlala. Ngokolwazi olunikezwe yi-NKVD Office ye-Leningrad Region, abantu abafika ku-3,000 bafa ngomyinge kwinqanaba ngenyanga ngaphambi kokuba imfazwe iqale. Ngo-Oktobha 1941, izinga lokufa lalingabantu abangama-6199. KwiLeningrad engqingqileyo, isonka sisoloko siqala ukuhla ngokukhawuleza. NgoNovemba 1941, abantu abaxhomekeke kuyo, kwaye abo bebaninzi abantu abadala kunye nabantwana, bangabalwa ngama 125 grams esonka.

Walamba

Ubusika beza ngo-1941, lukhulu kakhulu. Ngeli xesha lexesha, imisebenzi yamanzi kwisixeko ikhululeka. Ngoko ke, umthombo kuphela wemveliso yamanzi nguMlambo iNeva. Ukongezelela, isixeko siphelile yonke indawo yokugcina amafutha, ukuthuthwa kwezothutho. Into eyona nto ixabisa kakhulu imithi! Kwisixeko esizingqileyo kwakukho indlala - uvavanyo olunzima kakhulu olwenziwa nguLeningrad ngexesha leMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic.

125 igramu yesonka kunye ne-cellulose kunye nentsimbi yetshe. Ukufa kwindlala kwakuba lukhulu. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ikhadi lesonka lalikuphela kwimeko yokugcina ubomi. Kuze kube ngoDisemba 1941, endaweni yamakhadi alahlekileyo, usenokufumana amakhadi amatsha ngokubuyisela. Nangona kunjalo, amacala okuba kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi konyuka. Abantu abalambileyo abalambile babehlala bekhohlisa, bezama ukufumana ukutya okongeziweyo ngale ndlela. Umba wezinto eziphindwe kabini unqanyuliwe. Ukususela kwangoku, ukulahlekelwa kwipuphu lephepha elinomxholo wenkxu lithetha ukufa. NgoDisemba, malunga namawaka ayi-53 abantu bafa ngenxa yendlala. I-Leningrad igxothwe ebumnyameni obubandayo bendoda.

Abantu abangaphezu kwamawaka angama-600 bafa ngenxa yendlala ekukhuselweni. Ukulala esitratweni, emsebenzini, ekhaya, emaphandleni - babengenaso ixesha lokungcwatywa ... Akunakwenzeka ukubonakalisa ukubandezeleka kwabaseLeningraders. Kodwa abazange bazama nje ukusinda, basebenza. Abalambileyo, abantu abangenamandla bangasebenza? Oku kuya kuhlala kuseyimfihlelo engaqondakaliyo, eyagcinwa yiLeningrad ngexesha leMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic (ifoto kwinqaku).

Isonka esivimbayo

I-Leningrad ngexesha leMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic yaxelela kakhulu. Ngexesha lokukhusela i-recipe yesonka yatshintsha amaxesha amaninzi. Into enye ayiguqukanga - umxholo womgubo. Akuzange ifike kwi-60%. Ama-40% asele aquka ukungcola kunye nezongezo. Isigqibo esongezelelweyo sithathwe yi nkokheli ngenxa yokungabikho komgubo. Kwaye kwafundiswa i-laboratory ephakathi "eLenhlebprom" ukuphuhlisa ubuchwepheshe obukhethekileyo ngokubhaka isinkwa kunye neezongezo ezinokwenzeka. Inani lezithako ezongezelelweyo, njengomthetho, zibandakanya i-bran, i-linseed meal, i-soybean flour and pulp food.

I-Leningrad ayidangali

Isixeko saseLeningrad ngexesha leMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic akuzange kuphazamise ukusila izandla ngexeshana kunye nokuzinikela. Abahlali bafuna ukuphinda bavuselele ubomi obudala! Spring yafika. Kanye kunye novuyo kwakuyixhala, kulinde ubhubhane, kodwa, ngenhlanhla, kwakungekho - umzi wawuvusa. Ngentwasahlobo ka-1942, i-tramway traffic yaqalisa kwakhona kwisixeko esijikelezwe. Lo mboniso wawubonakala ngathi uphila ubomi obutsha, kodwa oku kwakungekho okufunayo nokuzola ubomi, kodwa kunjalo.

Bonke ukulwa nendlala! Ekunene kweso sixeko kukho igadi, akukho mhlaba omnye ongenanto. I-Goebbels yathi loo mzi ufile! Okwangoku, kwi-blockade nedolophu elambile-umdlalo webhola! Ihlabathi alizange libone into enjalo. Ibhunga leMpi leLeningrad Front lenze isigqibo sokubamba umdlalo webhola. Kwakunomsebenzi wokufumana eLeningrad kunye nabaphambili becala abadlala umdlalo. Nangona kukho ubunzima obucacileyo, abadlali banokukwazi ukuqokelela. Isixeko sasihlala kwibhola!

Iimvavanyo ezimangalisa azizange ziphule ukuthanda kwabaLeningraders, abazange babe khona-bahlala, benethemba kwaye badalwe. Ngomqambi weLeningrad obingqingiweyo uDmitry Shostakovich udala i-symphony yakhe ehloniphekileyo ye-7, kwaye yenziwa kuqala kwisixeko esizingqongwe.

Ukuphela kokuvalwa

Amadolophu amaninzi kunye namazwe asemhlabeni ayanyamalala, ajika abayisa kwi-dust. E-Rashiya kukho izikhumbuzo - iimpawu zokungavumeleki, enye yazo - i-Leningrad. KwiLeningrad, ngexesha leMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic, kuphela kwafika amaJamani. Ukukhutshwa kweLeningrad kwaphulwa! Yintoni eyabancedisa abantu basinde? Wonke ummi waseLeningrad waziva amanxeba ayenziwa kwilizwe lakubo njengelakhe, elowo lusekufutshane, ukuzisa iNtshontsho.