Isishwankathelo "Abazalwana Karamazov" - umsebenzi omkhulu kaF. Dostoevsky

F.M. Dostoevsky, Abazalwana bakaKaramazov, isishwankathelo esifutshane ... Imigca yokuqala yoveli iyaqala nge-epigraph: "Inene, inene, ndithi kuni, ukuba inkozo yengqolowa iwela emhlabathini, ingafi, iya kuhlala enye; Yaye ukuba iyafa, iya kuba neqhamo esikhulu (iVangeli likaYohane). " Kulo magama kulapho ingcamango ephambili yomsebenzi isandi. Kuthetha ntoni? Ihlabathi ngumzabalazo kunye nobunye beentlobo ezimbini. Ngaba ukufa kusoloko kukubi? Ngaba umhlophe uhlala ukhanya? Ngaba sifuna ukulwa? Ngaba ukubandezeleka kuyimfuneko? Yintoni umphefumlo kule mpi? Ngubani na uThixo kule ngxaki? Ingaba kukho na? Le mibuzo neminye ifundwa kwiifayile, izenzo, amagama abalinganiswa abakhulu ... Isishwankathelo: Abazalwana Karamazov

Incwadana yenzeka kwidolophu encinane yaseSkotoprigonjevsk kwiminyaka yama-70 yekhulu le-19. Kwiphepha lokuqala sithola kwi-monastery, kwisikhwama somdala uZosima, owaziwayo kwisithili njengomntu olilungisa kunye nomphilisa. Indawo ye-namolennoe iba yindawo apho kuboniswe khona abaqhankqalazi. Umbhali uyasichazela ngokuchanekileyo ngalunye kubo, ngokulinganayo ulindele iziganeko ezimbi ezilandelayo.

UFyodor Pavlovich Karamazov unguyise wentsapho enkulu, umntu onobuqhetseba, onobuqhetseba, onobukrakra kwaye onobuqhetseba obungathandabuzekiyo. Ngokungaqhelekanga, ngamanye amaxesha ukulangazelela okukhulu amandla, ukuzonwabisa komhlaba kunye nokuzonwabisa, kususa yonke imida ekhoyo phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi kuyo, kubhubhisa ixabiso elingunaphakade. Isiqhelo, intambo yokomoya edibanisa nabantwana ilahlekile.

Indodana endala uDmitry Karamazov ngumntu onomdla ongathandekiyo, yena, njengendoda, uyaphonsa ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye. Unyanisekile, ulungele ukwenza imisebenzi enomdla kwaye ngelo xesha unokuba ngumkhohlakali kwaye ungabi nantloni. Umphefumlo wakhe ukhangelelwa ukuthanda, ukukhanya, ukukholwa okunyanisekileyo, kwaye yonke imihla uziphawula ukuba uya kuphelisa ubomi obungenasiphelo ngokugcwele utywala kunye nokunyaniseka. Kodwa imikhosi echaphazela ukutshitshiswa kwe-pendulum yakhe inkulu kakhulu kwaye ingalawulwayo ukuba amandla okudala kuyo ngokukhawuleza aphendukela kumbane owonakalisayo. Le yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi "Karamazov" yamandla, okwakusetyenziswe ngandlela-thile evela kuyise, uFyodor Pavlovich, kwintwana yakhe.

U-Ivan Karamazov ungumntwana oqhelekileyo, ukuzola ngaphandle, ukuvuthwa, ukuhlamba. Kodwa kukho ukukhawuleza kunye nomzabalazo phakathi kokholo nokungahloneli uThixo. Ekuboneni kokuqala, yena ukhangelelani, ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba kwidrama ebonakalayo. Kodwa le ngcamango iyakhohlisa. Imvume yakhe yesenzo yadlala indima ebalulekileyo, yaba ngumbulali wangempela .... Nangona kunjalo, asiyi kuhamba phambili.

Ukuqhubela phambili ukuchaza isishwankathelo se-Brothers Karamazov, masibuyele kwinyana encinane kaFyodor Pavlovich, owathi, ngokutsho kukaDostoevsky, ngumntu oyintloko. UAlshasha Karamazov ungowesithathu, unyana omncinci uyisisivivinywa kunye noZosima, onyanisekileyo, onyanisekileyo, othembekileyo ulutsha ohlala efuna inyaniso kunye nokuxolelana. Kwakuvela ekungeniseni kwakhe ukuba yonke intsapho idibene kwisikhwama somdala ukuxazulula ingxabano ephikisayo phakathi koba nomzalwana omdala.

Ziziphi izinto ezithandwa ngabantu? Lo ngumnqweno omkhulu wokunandipha apha kwaye ngoku. Kukhulu kakhulu ukuba umntu ulungele ukuthatha amanyathelo angqongqo ukufumana. Kulifa lomntu okanye into ayibona eyonwabile ngokwenene. Ngaloo ndlela unelungelo lokufumana injabulo phakathi kukaDmitry nomzali wakhe. Eyona nto ibingamawaka amathathu ama-ruble kunye neGranshenka enhle, apho bobabini banothando. Ukuxolelana komdala akuyi kwenzeka. Ngokuphambene noko, yonke into iphela kwi-scandal.

UZosima, ebona umphefumlo womntu ngamehlo kaThixo , unikezela wonke umntu inxalenye yokwahlukana. Ngaphambi kweDmitry, uyaguqa, ethanda ngokwenene iimbandezelo zakhe zexesha elizayo kunye nentlungu afuneka ngayo ukuze ahlambulule. Usikelela u-Ivan, ngokuqaphela ukuba umbuzo entliziyweni yakhe awusombululwanga. KuFyodor Pavlovitch, uthi uhlazo lwakhe luphela ngenxa yokuba unamahloni ngaye. Wayehlwaya uAlesha ngoku kunye nabazalwana kunye noyise.

Wonke umntu akavumelani, kwaye iimbali ezininzi zenzeka kwi dolophu yaseSkotoprigonievsk. Zilandela enye emva komnye: ziphonswe ngelizwi elikrakra, izenzo ezingenangqiqo, ukwanda kwezikhalazo. Bona, njengesiqhwithi esakhula kunye neminithi yonke, bamba wonke umntu kunye nayo yonke into endleleni, ejika emnyama, ekulungele ukuphazamisa nokutshabalalisa yonke into. Omnye uya kutshabalala, kodwa umntu uya kuma ....

UDmitry ufuna imali kuye uyise. Ngosuku ngalunye oludlulayo, inzondo nomona uyaqina. Ukhangele imini nobusuku bakhe baseGrushenka abathandayo, ukuba ulingwa yimali kaFyodor Pavlovich, unquma ukuza kuye. Uba yinto engathandabuzekiyo kwaye, ngokukhawuleza nokuphelelwa lithemba, umbethe umzali. Kodwa emphefumlweni wakhe kukho enye imfihlakalo, ihlazo lakhe - wagxotha amanye amawaka amathathu kunye neGranshenka kwihostela kwidolophana yaseKokroye. Kwaye uKaterina Ivanovna wamnika le mali, umyeni wakhe osemthethweni, ngokubathumela kudadewabo eMoscow. Ihlazo elikhulu kunye netyala phambi kwentombazana ngenxa yobusela bakhe, ngenxa yokungcatsha kwakhe, ngenxa yothando lwakhe ngomnye, kumshukumisela kwisinyathelo esinqabileyo.

U-Ivan uyamthanda ngasese umtshakazi kaDmitry. Nsuku zonke uhleli "ngaphandle kweentlungu" aze angene ngaphakathi komphefumlo wakhe ophathwa kakubi, apho kukho umzabalazo phakathi kokunyaniseka kumyeni kunye nengqondo ejulile kuye, u-Ivan. Nsuku zonke ubona ukungazibonela koyise, olungele ukutshintshisa yonke into nayo yonke into, kuphela ukuhlala ekupheleni kokungcola kwakhe. Nsuku zonke uba ngumphulaphuli ongathandabuzekiyo wokuziphatha okubi, ukucamngca okuphantsi kukaSmerdyakov, osolwa ngokuba ngumntwana ongekho mthethweni waseKaramazov ukusuka kwi-vagabond yaseLizaveta. Uyayiphulaphula kwaye evakalelwa ngomsindo uyaqonda ukuba amagama omntu ongenamagama athetha ngokucacileyo ngeengcinga zakhe. Ngaba konke kuvunyelwe okanye akunjalo? Ukuba ukholelwa kuThixo nakukungafi komphefumlo, akusiyo yonke into, kodwa ukuba akunjalo ... Ngoko ke, wonke umntu ukhetha indlela engcono ngayo kwaye ekhululekile ukuba ahlale emhlabeni.

Ngokungathandabuzeki ubhala inkondlo i-Grand Inquisitor, apho ephakamisa imibuzo ephakamileyo: ukwamukelwa nguThixo nokugatya uxolo lukaThixo, yintoni ubulungisa, ukufuna ukufezekiswa, kunye nokuvisisana kukaThixo ngokwenene, yintoni umehluko phakathi kolonwabo noluntu. Ingqungquthela "yesiphango" sayo yintetho yokugqibela kunye noSmerdyakov, apho le ncwadana imcebisa ukuba ashiye isixeko iintsuku eziliqela, achukumise ukuba ekubeni engekhoyo, nantoni na eyenzekayo kuyise. U-Ivan unomsindo, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo ukhangele, kwaye uyavuma ...

U-Alyosha, elandela ukunyanzelisa komdala kunye nomphefumlo wakhe onothando, intetho, ufundisa kwaye uzama ukunceda wonke umntu. Ubona ingxubusho entliziyweni yomntu wonke, ukhangele le nkohlakalo engapheliyo nokungathandabuzekiyo, ubona ingqungquthela engapheliyo phakathi kwexabiso lokwenyaniso kunye nesono, apho umntu ekhetha ukuwela ephosa, kwaye ukungathandabuzeki kuyavela emphefumlweni wakhe. Ngeli xesha, umdala uZosima uyafa. Ukulindela ummangaliso emva kokufa kwakhe kubonakala, kodwa endaweni yokulindela kukho ukuvumba kokubola. U-Alyosha udidekile. Amatye amaninzi endleleni yakhe eya eqinisweni, echithwa phantsi kwaye ufuna ukutshabalaliswa ....

I-Passions iyafudumala, isiphepho siyeza, kwaye ukufa kukaFyodor Pavlovich Karamazov kuba yi-apotheosis. Ngubani umbulali? Ukudibanisa kweemeko kunye neenyaniso zithetha ngokumelene nendodana endala. Uyabanjwa. Ulingo luqala. UDmitry ungumntu onobumba, umkhohlisi, unxila kunye nesidakwa, kodwa akayena umbulali. USmerdyakov uvuma ku-Ivan ekubulaleni kayise kwaye uxela ngokucacileyo ukuba kwenzeke njani, esilumkisa ukuba nguye, u-Ivan, owamphefumlela, kwaye kunye nemvume yakhe eyimfihlo ulwaphulo-mthetho olubi. U-Ivan uphelelwe lithemba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akavumelani netyala, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, isazela sichasene. Unenjongo yokuya enkundleni kwaye uthethe ngendlela yonke into eyenzeka ngayo. U-Smerdyakov, odidekile naye, kwiingcamango zakhe zokuvumela imvume, unika imali eyebiwe kwaye ixhomeke. U-Ivan unesithukuthezi phambi kwenkundla aze avume igalelo lakhe kulo mthetho-mthetho: "I-lakey yabulala, kwaye ndafundisa."

U-Ekaterina Ivanovna, kwi-hysteria, uphuma incwadi ebalulekileyo, umyalezo wokugqibela kaDmitry kuye, apho ebhala khona ngokuphathelele umnqweno wokubulala uyise kwaye athathe imali ngenxa yakhe. Olu bungqina luba luleke. Ngaloo ndlela uyasindisa u-Ivan aze abhubhise uDmitry, isilonda senhliziyo yakhe, athembisa ukuba uyayithanda ngonaphakade, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ... Ekugqibeleni ukuchaza isishwankathelo se "Bazalwana Karamazov", sidlulela kwisigqibo sokugqibela, esingasifanelanga nomngcwabo - umngcwabo wengane encinane uIlyushenka Snegirev. Ngomngcwabo, u-Alyosha unxusa abahlanganisene ukuba bathande ubomi, baxabise ixesha elihle, babe nobubele kwaye bathembeke ....

"Abazalwana Karamazov": isishwankathelo, isiphetho

Ekugqibeleni kwendlela, ndihlala ndifuna ukubuyela ekuqaleni kwaye ukhumbule apho konke kwaqala khona .... Ukuza kwenkcazo "Isishwankathelo se" Bazalwana Karamazov ", sathintela kwi-epigraph. Ekugqibeleni, ndingathanda ukubuyela kuye: "Inene, inene ndithi kuni, Ukuba inkozo yengqolowa iwela emhlabathini, ingafi, iya kuhlala enye; Yaye ukuba iyafa, iya kuba neqhamo esikhulu (iVangeli likaYohane). " "Amabele amabele" awela emhlabathini. Abaninzi babo baphonswa, baxinzeleleka kudakeni baze bachitheka, kodwa "ukufa" kwabo, ukuwa kwabo, intlungu kunye nokubandezeleka okuza kuzisa "iziqhamo ezininzi" - ukucoceka ngokomoya nothando ....