I-ultrasound ye-thymus gland: iindlela, iinkqubo

Inkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yomzimba womzimba ikhuselekile. Uxanduva lwazo zonke iinkqubo ezenzekayo kumntu ukususela ekuzalweni kwakhe de kube sekufeni kwakhe. Ukuba kukho ukuphulwa kwenkqubo, oku kuchaphazela imeko yezempilo. I-thymus gland i-ultrasound izakufumanisa iingxaki ezinokwenzeka malunga nale nxalenye yesistim somzimba kunye nokuyichitha ngexesha.

"Nanny" thymus

Impilo yinto ebaluleke kakhulu yomntu. Emzimbeni kukho yonke inkqubo ehlola ukuba ngexesha lokucoca "iindwendwe" ezingenasidingo ngendlela yeentsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, iiseli "ezimbi" ezithwala iingxaki nezifo. Inxaxheba enkulu kwi-immune system idlalwa yi-thymus - thymus gland. Ukuba iingxaki zivela kumsebenzi walesi sigaba, i-ultrasound ye-thymus gland kufuneka yenziwe. Iimpawu zenkqubo enjalo ziyimpembelelo kwimpilo yomntu.

I-Thymus yinto efana ne-incubator, apho ukhanyiso luvela khona, lukhula, lufunda umsebenzi oqhubekayo wee-T zeseli zamasosha omzimba. Ngoko i-thymus gland yinto enomdla weyona nto ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yomzimba wokhuseleko lomzimba.

Ii-cell T-cell

I-T-cell ekhulile kwi-thymus (T-lymphocyte) idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yabantu. Kwinkqubo yophuhliso lwabo, bahlulwe ngamacandelo amaninzi, ezimbini zazo zingama-cell hello kunye neeseli ze-T. Kwakhona, i-thymus gland ikhiqiza i-lymphocytes ethile eyaziwa ngama-antigens e-lipid. Indima yabo, nangona behluke, kodwa bengabikho ngaphandle. Amaseli ancedisayo (uncedisi) anceda ukuqaphela ingozi ngendlela yama-antigen, okwenza umzimba uphendule ngokuthe ngqo ukuhlasela okunjalo. Ababulali bee-T (ababulali) bazingela iiseli ezonakaliswe zomzimba kwaye ziyabatshabalalisa. Abaxhasi be-T, kwaye i-thymus ijongene nokuveliswa kwala maseli, kwaye ilawula ukuphendula komzimba ngomzimba kwamanye ama-T.

I-gym gland kunye nempilo yengane

Zonke izitho kunye neenkqubo zomzimba womntu zibekwe ngexesha lokukhulelwa. I-thymus gland ibonakala kwaye iqala ukuphuhlisa malunga neveki yesi-6 yokukhulelwa. Kodwa nangona emva kokuvela kwendoda encinane, le nxalenye ebalulekileyo ayiyikuyeka ekuphuhlisweni kwayo. Phantse kwiminyaka eyi-14, oko kukuthi, ngaphambi kobuntwaba, i-thymus iyaqhubeka.

I-ultrasound ye-thymus gland kubantwana yenza kube lula ukufumanisa i-pathologies enokwenzeka yokuphuhliswa kwayo ukwenzela ukukhusela iingxaki zempilo. Ngemigqomo eneminyaka elilodwa ubudala, eli lilungu lisebenza njengokhuseleko olukhuselekileyo kwiimonorganism ezi-pathogenic ezizama ukulimaza umntwana. Ngokuphuhliswa kwazo zonke iinkqubo zomzimba, indima ye-thymus kubantwana abancinci nabasemgangathweni ayinciphelanga, ivelisa iiseli ze-T zempilo. Kwenzeka ukuba i-thymus ezisanda kuzalwa zikhulile, ingaba engekho ngokupheleleyo, okanye i-pathologically small, echaphazela kakubi isimo somzimba womzimba womntwana ngokupheleleyo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqhuba i-ultrasound ye-thymus gland kwintsana ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Abasetyhini abadala

Emva kokuqala kobuntwaba, umsebenzi we-thymus gland ukhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukuguga kuncitshiswa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngaphezu koko, i-thymus gland yona nayo iguqulwa ngokungathintekiyo - kwiminyaka engama-75 ukuya kuma-80 iphela yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kunye nezicubu ezinamafutha, ukufumana umbala ophuzi.

Kutheni i-thymus iyeka ukusebenza?

I-Thymus yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeendlela zokuzivikela zomzimba kunye ne-endocrine yomzimba. Xa uneminyaka yobudala, zonke izitho kunye nezicubu zithintela utshintsho olubi, olubonakala ngokubonakalayo kwi-thymus gland. Yingakho iphela ukuhlakulela, nangona isebenza bonke ubomi bomntu ngokulandelelana. Ukuba uchitha i-ultrasound ye-thymus gland kubantu abadala, uza kubona utshintsho kwiisisu zelungu kunye nokutshintshiswa kancane kancane kwe-stroma kunye namafutha kunye nokuhla kwexabiso ngokukhulu.

Yintoni inokubangela ukuba ukukhubazeka kwe-thymus kuholele?

Ukuphuhliswa kakubi kwe-thymus gland, ukuphulwa kwemisebenzi yayo kuyichaphazela kakhulu impilo yomntu, ingakumbi umntwana. Ngamanye amaxesha kwenzeka ukuba umntwana uzalelwe ngaphandle kwesi sigaba esibalulekileyo okanye nge-thymus engaphantsi. Emva koko umntwana usemngciphekweni omkhulu-iintsholongwane zentsholongwane kunye ne-bhakteria, izifo ezizimelayo kunye neoplasms ezisongela impilo kunye nobomi beemvuthu. Nangona kunjalo, kwiingxaki ezifanayo kukhokelela ekupheleni komsebenzi we-thymus kumntu omdala. I-thymus gland i-ultrasound yindlela efanelekileyo yokwazisa ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Yintoni i-ultrasound ye-thymus?

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokufunda imeko ye-thymus - radiography, tomography, ultrasound. Indlela eyaziwayo kakhulu neyithengiweyo yokuhlola le nxalenye i-ultrasound ye-thymus gland. Yintoni le yenzelwa uphando? Ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound kuvumela indlela elula yokuhlola okuyimfuneko kwaye ifumaneke kule nguqulelo yamalungu esifundo. Ngethuba le nkqubo, i-pathologies ifunyenwe ngobukhulu be-thymus, izicubu zayo kunye nendawo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ufumane ulwazi olunokwethenjelwa malunga nokusebenza kwe-thymus gland, kunye nokunikezela ngeendlela ezongezelelweyo zokubhalwa ukuba ngaba nayiphina imitha yeeramitha ihluke kwizinto eziqhelekileyo. Uvavanyo olunzulu lomsebenzi wendlela ekhuselweyo yokuzivikela komzimba iya kuthintela uphuhliso lweengxaki ezinzulu.

Iimpawu zeengxaki ze-thymus

Esinye sezifo, esibonakala ngokucacileyo xa senza i-ultrasound diagnostics, i-thymomegaly. Oku kubizwa ngokuthi ukwanda kwubungakanani be-thymus gland. Ngokomgaqo, i-thymus yabantwana ihlukaniswe ngamacandelo amabini - inzala yomlomo wesibeleko kunye ne-thoracic, nangona kumntu omdala wesibeleko se-thymus gland ayikho ngokupheleleyo. Ukwanda kwe-thymus, njengokungabikho kwayo, kukhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo ezinzulu. Iimpawu zeengxaki zomsebenzi kunye nophuhliso lwe-thymus zilandelayo:

• Ukuphululwa kwesistim somzimba, umntwana udla ngokugula;
• Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi - i-hypotension;
• I-Tachycardia - ukuphulwa komsebenzi wesiqhelo wentliziyo;
• UDysplasia wezitho zobulili kumabini namantombazana;
• Cryptorchidism;
• Ukunyanya;
• I-Hyperhidrosis - ikhupha;
• Iqondo lokushisa, elihlala ixesha elide;
• Umntwana unokukhwehlela ngaphandle kwesizathu;
• Esifubeni singabonwa iphetheni ye-capillary.

Ukubonakaliswa kwezi zimpawu, zombini kunye kunye ngokwahlukileyo, kudinga ukuthunyelwa kwingcali. Ugqirha uya kutyumba uviwo lomntwana isethi yemvavanyo kunye neemvavanyo ezifunekayo, kuquka i-ultrasound ye-thymus gland.

I-ultrasound ye-thymus eyenziwa njani kubantwana nakubantu abadala?

Ukuba uyakrokrela ukukhubazeka kwentuthuko ye-thymus, umntwana unikezelwa uvavanyo, oluquka ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound yelungu. Ukwenza i-ultrasound ye-thymus gland kumntwana kuyimfuneko kwisinconywa sogqirha, ngaphandle kokuphambuka kulolu hlobo lophando. Kubantwana beeminyaka ezahlukileyo, indlela yokwenza olu vavanyo luyahlukahlukana. Uviwo olufunekayo lwezibonakaliso ezithile kufuneka lwenziwe ngokukhawuleza.

Indlela efikelelekayo kunye neyona ndlela isisiseko se-thymus gland. Iimpawu zenkqubo zihambelana neminyaka yesigulane. Ngoko ke, ukuba umntwana usemncinci kakhulu, akayikho iinyanga ezili-9 ubudala, ngoko ke kufuneka abekwe embhedeni wezokwelapha emva, ekhankanya intloko yakhe. Ukulungelelaniswa kwenkqubo phantsi kwentanyane yentsana, umgca oqhekezayo okanye umgca oqhekezayo, osijiweyo kwi-diaper rhoqo, kufuneka abekwe.

Ukuba umntwana sele sele ehlezi kakuhle, kwaye eli lidala lidala kuneenyanga ezili-9, ke lingahlwayelwa ukufundisisa. Abantwana phakathi kweminyaka yobudala kunye nesiqingatha ukuya kwiminyaka emibini bangaphumelela kwi-ultrasound ye-thymus emi. Abantu abadala bayaxilongwa kwi-thymus gland okanye belele phantsi, okanye bemi. Ixesha lophando aluhlali ixesha elide, kodwa lingafuna iindlela ezongezelelweyo kunye neendawo zokufunda. Nangona kunjalo, i-ultrasound ye-thymus gland, ubuchule obuye kwaphuhliswa ngokucokisekileyo, kukuvumela ukuba ufumane ulwazi olucacileyo malunga nalo mzimba.

Norm kunye nokuphambuka

I-gym gland iyasebenza kakhulu ebuntwaneni. Kwintsana esandula kuzalwa, inomlinganiselo we-15-17 gram, kwaye ubukhulu bayo buphakathi kwe-4-5 cm kunye nobubanzi be-6 mm. Ekuqaleni kobuntwaba, xa i-thymus iyeka ukuphuhliswa kwayo, ubunzima bayo bube ngowama-28 ukuya kuma-34 amagremu, kwaye ubukhulu bube phakathi kwe-7.5 no-16 cm.

Indlela yokuqhuba uviwo ivumela ukucacisa indawo ye-thymus gland, ubukhulu bayo ngohlelo lwesithathu, kunye nesakhiwo seethambo. Ngokwamaparitha afanayo, ubunzima be-thymus bubalwe ngokwendlela ekhethekileyo kunye neenkcukacha ezihambelanayo.

Kubantwana, ubunzima beli lungu bungaphezu kwama-30 amagremu kuthathwa njengonyuka. Ukubalwa kwe-thymus mass ngeengcali kwiindlela ezithile kumenza ukuba aqonde ukuba ngaba iimviwo ezingaphezulu ziyimfuneko ngezinye iindlela okanye nokuba umntwana ukhula ngaphakathi kwemida.

Ubukhulu bemilinganiselo yemilinganiselo enqunywe yenzululwazi yinto evamile: ubude, ububanzi nobude be-thymus, kunye nobukhulu bayo. Ngaloo ndlela, ubunzima be-thymus kufuneka buhambelane nomyinge we-0.18-0.38% womzimba womzimba. Ukutshintsha iiparamitha kwelinye icala okanye kwelinye kudinga iindlela ezongezelelweyo zokuxilonga. I-ultrasound ye-thymus gland kubantwana ivumela ukuba ufunde ukuhambelana kwezicubu ezenza umzimba wakho we-thymus ngexesha lokuba ufumane izixhobo ezingenakwenzeka, nangona akwanele ukufumana umphumo othile kule ndawo ye-diagnostic ultrasound.

Ndingayenza ntoni ukuba kukho ingxaki?

Ukuba umntwana ukhunjulwa ukuba uneengxaki kwi-immune system, udokotela wezingane kufanele ukuba ahlaziye i-thymus gland. Kubantwana, isiqhelo sobukhulu kunye nesisindo sibonakaliso esiphezulu sezempilo yakho. Kwaye ukuba ukungabikho kwalowo mzimba okanye ukuphuhliswa kwayo kufuneke ukuba kungenelelo lwezonyango olufunekayo ngendlela yokwelashwa kwe-hormone, ke yile i-thymomegaly - ukwanda kwendawo kunye nobunzima be-thymus gland - kaninzi ayifuni ukungenelela kwongxamiseko. Ngokuqhelekileyo le ngxaki ihamba kwiminyaka engama-6, xa i-thymus ibe yayizikhulu ukuba kufuneka ibe ngumntwana wengane.

Kodwa abo bantwana abafunyaniswa ne-thymomegaly baboniswa ngokuqhelekileyo, ukunyango kunye nokukhusela ngendlela yokusebenzisa unyango, ukutya okucebileyo kwi-vitamin C kunye nokuxilongwa kwe-immunostimulating components. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, umntwana unikwe unyango lwe-hormone. Izindlela zokulondoloza unyango kwi-thymomegaly zichongwe ngama-degree of illness-1, 2 and 3.

Isici esikhethekileyo kubomi babantwana abasandul 'ukuzalwa, abaselula kunye nabangama-middle-age bahlala begonywa rhoqo. Xa ufumanisa i-thymomegaly ye-1 okanye ye-2 ne-degree, ukuphunyezwa kwezi nyathelo zokukhusela kuvunyelwe emva kokubonisana nodokotela wezingane kunye ne-endocrinologist. Ukwanda kwe-thymus kwisigaba sesithathu kukubonisa ukuba ukhokele unyango lwezonyango kwi-vaccination.

Indlela ye-USM: i-pros and cons

Ukuba ufumana nayiphi na ingxaki zempilo, ingakumbi umntwana, kufuneka uhlale unxibelelana nodokotela. Kubonakala ngathi oko kungabalulekanga ekuqalekeni kwezinto eziphambukayo njengokukhala rhoqo kwintsana, ukukhwehlela, ukukhupha, kunokube yimiqondiso yokuqala yeengxaki ezinzima, umzekelo, kunye nesimo somzimba wamasosha kunye ne-thymus ngokukodwa. Enye yeendlela eziqhutyelwa rhoqo zophando ziyi-ultrasound ye-thymus gland. Imigangatho yempilo yalo mzimba inqunywe ngokuhambelana neminyaka yomntwana. Yaye indlela yokuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound ingabonisa imeko yangempela yempilo ye-thymus. Njengazo zonke iindlela zokuxilonga, i-ultrasound inexhepha layo elihle kunye neempembelelo zalo.

I-Ultrasound ukusuka kwicala elihle njengendlela yokuhlola i-thymus gland yile:

• Ukufumaneka kunye nokulula kobugcisa bendlela;
• I-Painless;
• Ukungabikho kwamandla;
• Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kweziphumo zophando;
• Iindlela eziphuhlisiwe zokubala iipameters ze-thymus ngeli thuba lovavanyo.

Iingxaki ze-ultrasound ekuhlolweni kwe-thymus gland:

• Ukufumana ilungu phantsi kokufundwa ngaphakathi kwesifuba - ukungena kufikeleleka kwesiginali se-ultrasound;
• Ubuncinane be-thymus;
• Ukungakwazi ukufumana utshintsho lwezifo kwiintlobo zelungu.

Kodwa nangona kukho iingxaki, i-ultrasound ye-thymus gland yindlela yokuqala yokufundisa yokufundisa. Ngokweziphumo zolu cwaningo, ugqirha ugqitya iinkqubo ezongezelelweyo eziza kuba ngamanyathelo okubeka isifo esithile.

Impilo kuyimfuneko ukuba iphathwe ngokucophelela, kuba ezinye iinguqu ezincinci kwimpilo zingaba zixhaphaza izifo eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuthi, ngenxa yezizathu ezifanelekileyo, kulula ukukhusela kunokunyanga emva koko.